scholarly journals Over-Dose Lithium Toxicity as an Occlusive-like Syndrome in Rats and Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1506
Author(s):  
Sanja Strbe ◽  
Slaven Gojkovic ◽  
Ivan Krezic ◽  
Helena Zizek ◽  
Hrvoje Vranes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Muscular Weakness ◽  
Brain Areas ◽  
Vessel Occlusion ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Major Vessel ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157

Due to endothelial impairment, high-dose lithium may produce an occlusive-like syndrome, comparable to permanent occlusion of major vessel-induced syndromes in rats; intracranial, portal, and caval hypertension, and aortal hypotension; multi-organ dysfunction syndrome; brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal lesions; arterial and venous thrombosis; and tissue oxidative stress. Stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 may be a means of therapy via activating loops (bypassing vessel occlusion) and counteracting major occlusion syndromes. Recently, BPC 157 counteracted the lithium sulfate regimen in rats (500 mg/kg/day, ip, for 3 days, with assessment at 210 min after each administration of lithium) and its severe syndrome (muscular weakness and prostration, reduced muscle fibers, myocardial infarction, and edema of various brain areas). Subsequently, BPC 157 also counteracted the lithium-induced occlusive-like syndrome; rapidly counteracted brain swelling and intracranial (superior sagittal sinus) hypertension, portal hypertension, and aortal hypotension, which otherwise would persist; counteracted vessel failure; abrogated congestion of the inferior caval and superior mesenteric veins; reversed azygos vein failure; and mitigated thrombosis (superior mesenteric vein and artery), congestion of the stomach, and major hemorrhagic lesions. Both regimens of BPC 157 administration also counteracted the previously described muscular weakness and prostration (as shown in microscopic and ECG recordings), myocardial congestion and infarction, in addition to edema and lesions in various brain areas; marked dilatation and central venous congestion in the liver; large areas of congestion and hemorrhage in the lung; and degeneration of proximal and distal tubules with cytoplasmic vacuolization in the kidney, attenuating oxidative stress. Thus, BPC 157 therapy overwhelmed high-dose lithium intoxication in rats.

scholarly journals Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 Therapy for Primary Abdominal Compartment Syndrome in Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijan Tepes ◽  
Slaven Gojkovic ◽  
Ivan Krezic ◽  
Helena Zizek ◽  
Hrvoje Vranes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Compartment Syndrome ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
Abdominal Pressure ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Abdominal Hypertension ◽  
Major Vessel ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157 ◽  
Abdominal Compartment

Recently, the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 was shown to counteract major vessel occlusion syndromes, i.e., peripheral and/or central occlusion, while activating particular collateral pathways. We induced abdominal compartment syndrome (intra-abdominal pressure in thiopental-anesthetized rats at 25 mmHg (60 min), 30 mmHg (30 min), 40 mmHg (30 min), and 50 mmHg (15 min) and in esketamine-anesthetized rats (25 mmHg for 120 min)) as a model of multiple occlusion syndrome. By improving the function of the venous system with BPC 157, we reversed the chain of harmful events. Rats with intra-abdominal hypertension (grade III, grade IV) received BPC 157 (10 µg or 10 ng/kg sc) or saline (5 ml) after 10 min. BPC 157 administration recovered the azygos vein via the inferior–superior caval vein rescue pathway. Additionally, intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal, and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension were reduced, as were the grossly congested stomach and major hemorrhagic lesions, brain swelling, venous and arterial thrombosis, congested inferior caval and superior mesenteric veins, and collapsed azygos vein; thus, the failed collateral pathway was fully recovered. Severe ECG disturbances (i.e., severe bradycardia and ST-elevation until asystole) were also reversed. Microscopically, transmural hyperemia of the gastrointestinal tract, intestinal mucosa villi reduction, crypt reduction with focal denudation of superficial epithelia, and large bowel dilatation were all inhibited. In the liver, BPC 157 reduced congestion and severe sinusoid enlargement. In the lung, a normal presentation was observed, with no alveolar membrane focal thickening and no lung congestion or edema, and severe intra-alveolar hemorrhage was absent. Moreover, severe heart congestion, subendocardial infarction, renal hemorrhage, brain edema, hemorrhage, and neural damage were prevented. In conclusion, BPC 157 cured primary abdominal compartment syndrome.

M1274 Diclofenac Encephalopathy, Liver and Gastrointestinal Lesions in Rat and Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (5) ◽  
pp. S-369
Author(s):  
Spomenko Ilic ◽  
Domagoj Drmic ◽  
Danijela Kolenc ◽  
Marijana Coric ◽  
Luka Brcic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157

The Effect of Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 and High Dose Diclofenac on Induced Short Bowel Syndrome

2011 ◽  
Vol 140 (5) ◽  
pp. S-505
Author(s):  
Nermin Lojo ◽  
Zarko Rasic ◽  
Marko Baric ◽  
Marko Sever ◽  
Zeljko Romic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157

scholarly journals Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 as a Therapy for the Disable Myotendinous Junctions in Rats

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1547
Author(s):  
Mladen Japjec ◽  
Katarina Horvat Pavlov ◽  
Andreja Petrovic ◽  
Mario Staresinic ◽  
Bozidar Sebecic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Quadriceps Tendon ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Myotendinous Junction ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
The Disabled ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157 ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Myotendinous Junctions

(1) Aim: The stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 is known to heal transected muscle, tendon, and ligament. Thereby, in this study, we investigated the effect of BPC 157 on the dissection of the quadriceps tendon from the quadriceps muscle in rats. (2) Materials and Methods: Myotendinous junction defect, which cannot heal spontaneously in rats, as evidenced with consistent macro/microscopic, biomechanical, functional assessments, eNOS, and COX-2 mRNA levels and oxidative stress and NO-levels in the myotendinous junctions. BPC 157 (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) regimen was given (i) intraperitoneally, first application immediately after surgery, last 24 h before sacrifice; (ii) per-orally, in drinking water (0.16 µg/mL, 0.16 ng/mL, 12 mL/rat/day), till the sacrifice at 7, 14, 28 and 42 postoperative days. (3) Results: These BPC 157 regimens document prominent therapy effects (macro/microscopic, biomechanical, functional much like eNOS and COX-2 mRNA levels and counteracted oxidative stress and NO-levels in the myotendinous junctions), while controls have a poor presentation. Especially, in rats with the disabled myotendinous junction, along with full functional recovery, BPC 157 counteracts muscle atrophy that is regularly progressive and brings muscle presentation close to normal. Accordingly, unlike the perilous course in controls, those rats, when receiving BPC 157 therapy, exhibit a smaller defect, and finally defects completely disappear. Microscopically, there are no more inflammatory infiltrate, well-oriented recovered tissue of musculotendon junction appears in BPC 157 treated rats at the 28 days and 42 days. (4) Conclusions: BPC 157 restores myotendinous junction in accordance with the healing of the transected muscle, tendon, and ligament.

scholarly journals Complex Syndrome of the Complete Occlusion of the End of the Superior Mesenteric Vein, Opposed with the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in Rats

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1029
Author(s):  
Mario Knezevic ◽  
Slaven Gojkovic ◽  
Ivan Krezic ◽  
Helena Zizek ◽  
Hrvoje Vranes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background. Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 therapy in rats compensated irremovable occlusion of various vessels and counteracted the consequent multiorgan dysfunction syndromes by activation of the corresponding collateral bypassing loops. Thus, we used BPC 157 therapy against the irremovable occlusion of the end of the superior mesenteric vein. Methods. Assessments, for 30 min (gross recording, venography, ECG, pressure, microscopy, biochemistry, and oxidative stress) include the portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, and centrally, the superior sagittal sinus hypertension, systemic arterial and venous thrombosis, ECG disturbances, MDA-tissue increase, and heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, in particular, and brain (cortex (cerebral, cerebellar), hypothalamus/thalamus, hippocampus) lesions. Rats received BPC 157 medication (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) intraperitoneally at 1 or 15 min ligation time. Results. BPC 157 rapidly activated the superior mesenteric vein–inferior anterior pancreati-coduodenal vein–superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein–pyloric vein–portal vein pathway, reestablished superior mesenteric vein and portal vein connection and reestablished blood flow. Simultaneously, toward inferior caval vein, an additional pathway appears via the inferior mesenteric vein united with the middle colic vein, throughout its left colic branch to ascertain alternative bypassing blood flow. Consequently, BPC 157 acts peripherally and centrally, and counteracted the intracranial (superior sagittal sinus), portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, ECG disturbances attenuated, abolished progressing venous and arterial thrombosis. Additionally, BPC 157 counteracted multiorgan dysfunction syndrome, heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, and brain lesions, and oxidative stress in tissues. Conclusion. BPC 157 therapy may be specific management also for the superior mesenteric vein injuries.

scholarly journals BPC 157 Therapy and the Permanent Occlusion of the Superior Sagittal Sinus in Rat: Vascular Recruitment

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 744
Author(s):  
Slaven Gojkovic ◽  
Ivan Krezic ◽  
Hrvoje Vranes ◽  
Helena Zizek ◽  
Domagoj Drmic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Vascular Occlusion ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
Brain Swelling ◽  
Caval Vein ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Gastrointestinal Lesions ◽  
Permanent Occlusion ◽  
Increased Pressure

We show the complex syndrome of the occluded superior sagittal sinus, brain swelling and lesions and multiple peripheral organs lesions in rat. Recovery goes centrally and peripherally, with the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157, which alleviated peripheral vascular occlusion disturbances, rapidly activating alternative bypassing pathways. Assessments were gross recording, venography, ECG, pressure, microscopy, biochemistry. The increased pressure in the superior sagittal sinus, portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, arterial and venous thrombosis, severe brain swelling and lesions (cortex (cerebral, cerebellar), hypothalamus/thalamus, hippocampus), particular veins (azygos, superior mesenteric, inferior caval) dysfunction, heart dysfunction, lung congestion as acute respiratory distress syndrome, kidney disturbances, liver failure, and hemorrhagic lesions in gastrointestinal tract were all assessed. Rats received BPC 157 medication (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) intraperitoneally, intragastrically, or topically to the swollen brain at 1 min ligation-time, or at 15 min, 24 h and 48 h ligation-time. BPC 157 therapy rapidly attenuates the brain swelling, rapidly eliminates the increased pressure in the ligated superior sagittal sinus and the severe portal and caval hypertension and aortal hypotension, and rapidly recruits collateral vessels, centrally ((para)sagittal venous collateral circulation) and peripherally (left superior caval vein azygos vein-inferior caval vein). In conclusion, as shown by all assessments, BPC 157 acts against the permanent occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus and syndrome (i.e., brain, heart, lung, liver, kidney, gastrointestinal lesions, thrombosis), given at 1 min, 15 min, 24 h or 48 h ligation-time. BPC 157 therapy rapidly overwhelms the permanent occlusion of the superior sagittal sinus in rat.

scholarly journals Occluded Superior Mesenteric Artery and Vein. Therapy with the Stable Gastric Pentadecapeptide BPC 157

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 792
Author(s):  
Mario Knezevic ◽  
Slaven Gojkovic ◽  
Ivan Krezic ◽  
Helena Zizek ◽  
Dominik Malekinusic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mesenteric Artery ◽  
Superior Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Superior Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Bpc 157 ◽  
Mesenteric Vein ◽  
Sagittal Sinus ◽  
Multiple Organs ◽  
Pentadecapeptide Bpc 157 ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Background. We investigated the occluded essential vessel tributaries, both arterial and venous, occluded superior mesenteric vein and artery in rats, consequent noxious syndrome, peripherally and centrally. As therapy, we hypothesized the rapidly activated alternative bypassing pathways, arterial and venous, and the stable gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 since it rapidly alleviated venous occlusion syndromes. Methods. Assessments were performed for 30 min (gross recording, venography, ECG, pressure, microscopy, biochemistry, and oxidative stress), including portal hypertension, caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, and centrally, the superior sagittal sinus hypertension; systemic arterial and venous thrombosis, ECG disturbances, MDA-tissue increase, the multiple organs lesions, heart, lung, liver, kidney and gastrointestinal tract, including brain (swelling, and cortex (cerebral, cerebellar), hypothalamus/thalamus, hippocampus lesions). Rats received BPC 157 medication (10 µg/kg, 10 ng/kg) intraperitoneally at 1 min ligation-time. Results. BPC 157 rapidly activated collateral pathways. These collateral loops were the superior mesenteric vein-inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein-superior anterior pancreaticoduodenal vein-pyloric vein-portal vein pathway, an alternative pathway toward inferior caval vein via the united middle colic vein and inferior mesenteric vein through the left colic vein, and the inferior anterior pancreaticoduodenal artery and inferior mesenteric artery. Consequently, BPC 157 counteracted the superior sagittal sinus, portal and caval hypertension, aortal hypotension, progressing venous and arterial thrombosis peripherally and centrally, ECG disturbances attenuated. Markedly, the multiple organs lesions, heart, lung, liver, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract, in particular, as well as brain lesions, and oxidative stress in tissues were attenuated. Conclusions. BPC 157 therapy rapidly recovered rats, which have complete occlusion of the superior mesenteric vein and artery.

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