scholarly journals Mild Cognitive Impairment in Chronic Brain Injury Associated with Serum Anti-AP3B2 Autoantibodies: Report and Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Niels Hansen ◽  
Claudia Bartels ◽  
Jens Wiltfang ◽  
Winfried Stöcker ◽  
Dirk Fitzner
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Gait Disturbance ◽  
Disease Case ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain

Background: Chronic traumatic brain injury is a condition that predisposes the brain to activate B-cells and produce neural autoantibodies. Anti-adaptor protein 3, subunit B2 (AP3B2) autoantibodies have thus far been associated with diseases affecting the cerebellum or vestibulocerebellum. Through this case report, we aim to broaden the spectrum of anti-AP3B2-associated disease. Case description: We report on a 51-year-old woman with a brain injury approximately 28 years ago who recently underwent neuropsychological testing, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain (cMRI), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis. Neural autoantibodies were determined in serum and CSF. Our patient suffered from mild cognitive impairment (amnestic MCI, multiple domains) with stable memory deficits and a decline in verbal fluency and processing speed within a two-year interval after the first presentation in our memory clinic. Brain MRI showed brain damage in the right temporoparietal, frontolateral region and thalamus, as well as in the left posterior border of the capsula interna and white matter in the frontal region. Since the brain damage, she suffered paresis of the upper extremities on the left side and lower extremities on the right side as well as gait disturbance. Our search for autoantibodies revealed anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies in serum. Conclusions: Our report expands the spectrum of symptoms to mild cognitive impairment in addition to a gait disturbance associated with anti-AP3B2 autoantibodies. Furthermore, it is conceivable that a prior traumatic brain injury could initiate the development of anti-AP3B2-antibody-associated brain autoimmunity, reported here for the first time.

scholarly journals Cerebral Blood Flow and Its Connectivity Deficits in Mild Traumatic Brain Injury at the Acute Stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fengfang Li ◽  
Liyan Lu ◽  
Song’an Shang ◽  
Huiyou Chen ◽  
Peng Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Mild Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Arterial Spin Labeling ◽  
Spin Labeling ◽  
Perfusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
The Right

Objective. The influence of cognitive impairment after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) on cerebral vascular perfusion has been widely concerned, yet the resting-state cerebral blood flow (CBF) connectivity alterations based on arterial spin labeling (ASL) in mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) remain unclear. This study investigated region CBF and CBF connectivity features in acute mTBI patients, as well as the associations between CBF changes and cognitive impairment. Materials and Methods. Forty-five acute mTBI patients and 42 health controls underwent pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The alterations in regional CBF and relationship between the CBF changes and cognitive impairment were detected. The ASL-CBF connectivity of the brain regions with regional CBF significant differences was also compared between two groups. Neuropsychological tests covered seven cognitive domains. Associations between the CBF changes and cognitive impairment were further investigated. Results. Compared with the healthy controls, the acute mTBI patients exhibited increased CBF in the bilateral inferior temporal gyrus (ITG) and decreased CBF in the right middle frontal gyrus (MFG), the bilateral superior frontal gyrus (SFG), and the right cerebellum posterior lobe (CPL). In the mTBI patients, significant correlations were identified between the CBF changes and cognitive impairment. Importantly, the acute mTBI patients exhibited CBF disconnections between the right CPL and right fusiform gyrus (FG) as well as bilateral ITG, between the left SFG and left middle occipital gyrus (MOG), and between the right SFG and right FG as well as right parahippocampal gyrus. Conclusion. Our results suggest that acute mTBI patients exhibit both regional CBF abnormalities and CBF connectivity deficits, which may underlie the cognitive impairment of the acute mTBI patients.

Nightmares

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Troy Rondinone
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Damage ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Scientific Term ◽  
Personality Changes ◽  
The Brain

This chapter first describes the physical toll boxing took on boxers such as Gaspar Ortega and Emile Griffith. Research shows that boxers suffer disproportionally from neurological damage. The scientific term for it is chronic traumatic brain injury. The results are permanent and progressive. Symptoms include Parkinsonism, dementia, personality changes, and cerebellum dysfunction. Gaspar began suffering from nightmares. Griffith exhibited brain damage while Don Jordan lost his mind as well. The remainder of the chapter details Gaspar's life and activities after retiring from boxing. The brain damage that wiped the joy out of the golden years of so many of this boxing cohort did not strike Gaspar. He attributes this to his defensive, slippery style. Though he is occasionally off balance when he walks, that is minor compared to the devastation that brought such misery to so many other retired fighters.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Traumatic Brain Injury and Mild Cognitive Impairment: Increased Risk and Earlier Age of Diagnosis

2016 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 727-736 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian LoBue ◽  
David Denney ◽  
Linda S. Hynan ◽  
Heidi C. Rossetti ◽  
Laura H. Lacritz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Age Of Diagnosis

P1-238: Traumatic brain injury history and age of mild cognitive impairment diagnosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (7S_Part_9) ◽  
pp. P444-P444
Author(s):  
Munro Cullum ◽  
Christian Lobue ◽  
David Denney ◽  
Linda Hynan ◽  
Heidi Rossetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury

scholarly journals Traumatic brain injury history and progression from mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer disease.

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian LoBue ◽  
Fu L. Woon ◽  
Heidi C. Rossetti ◽  
Linda S. Hynan ◽  
John Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Alzheimer Disease

Neuropsychological and morphometric biomarkers of poor prognosis in patients with mild cognitive impairment

2022 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 4-15
Author(s):  
A. A. Smirnova ◽  
L. N. Prakhova ◽  
A. G. Ilves ◽  
N. A. Seliverstova ◽  
T. N. Reznikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Corpus Callosum ◽  
Caudate Nucleus ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Primary Memory ◽  
Mri Morphometry ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Cerebral Structures

Abstract. Despite a high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), there are no accepted algorithms of diff erentiating the syndrome and the prognosis evaluation of later cognitive decline at this time. Objective. To identify biomarkers of poor prognosis in the various MCI types by optimizing neuropsychological examination in combination with MRI morphometry of brain structures. Patients and methods. We examined 45 patients (9 men, 36 women, mean age 72 ± 6.7 years) with MCI according to the modifi ed Petersen’s criteria and the DSM-5 criteria. All patients underwent the MMSE scale, the Detailed Neuropsychological Testing (DNT), which included a Ten Words Test (TWT), a “Double Test” (DT), a visual acuity test, a high-fi eld magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain with morphometry of cerebral structures (FreeSurfer, FSL). Results. According to the MMSE score, MCI were found in 26 (58%) patients. During the DNT, depending on the state of memory, 14 participants of the study identifi ed a non-amnestic type of MCI (na-MCI), 15 — an amnestic variant with impaired reproduction (ar-MCI), and 16 people — an amnestic type with a primary memory defect (apm-MCI). Volume changes of the anterior corpus callosum segment (CCA) were signifi cantly associated with the Immediate Recall after 4th reading and the Delayed Recall in the general MCI group (rho = 0.58; 0.58; p < 0.05) and the apmMCI group (rho = 0.6; 0.56; p < 0.05). Kruskal–Wallis Test showed that there were signifi cant group diff erences in the volumes of the CCA, right caudate nucleus, left cerebellar hemisphere cortex, posterior corpus callosum segment and left thalamus. At the same time, the fi rst three structures were combined into a set of informative features for differentiating the type of MCI based on the results of Forward stepwise Discriminant Analysis with a 77.3% accurate classifi cation rate (Wilks’s Lambda: 0.35962; approx. F (6.78) = 8.678, p < 0.001). ROC-analysis established the threshold values of the CCA volumes of ≤ 0.05% and the right caudate nucleus volumes of ≤ 0.23% (81.25% sensitivity in both cases; 62.1% and 60.7% specifi city; AUC 0.787 and 0.767; 95% CI 0.639–0.865 and 0.615–0.881; OR 7.1 and 6.7 (95% CI 1.6–30.6 and 1.6–29), associated with a memory defect in persons with MCI, while the ORs are 7.1 and 6.7 (95% CI 1.6–30.6 and 1.6–29), respectively. When both cerebral structures were included in the logit model, 88.6% classifi cation accuracy, 92.6% sensitivity, and 82.4% specifi city of the method were achieved. Conclusion. It has been demonstrated that classifying patients into the various types of MCI based on the data of memory function refl ected by the DNT and supplemented with MRI morphometry of the brain areas may be used as a sensitive and specifi c instrument for determining the category of patients with a high risk of Alzheimer’s disease. A neuropsychological profi le with a defect in primary memory, atrophic changes in anterior segment of the corpus callosum and the right caudate nucleus have been proposed as biomarkers of poor prognosis. Further longitudinal studies are necessary to clarify the proposed biomarkers of poor prognosis information and to detail the mechanisms of the neurodegenerative process.

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