scholarly journals Industrial Application of 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases

Catalysts ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 221 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christin Peters ◽  
Rebecca Buller
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Industrial Application ◽  
Enzyme Engineering ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Enzyme Family ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
The Way

C–H functionalization is a chemically challenging but highly desirable transformation. 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenases (2OGXs) are remarkably versatile biocatalysts for the activation of C–H bonds. In nature, they have been shown to accept both small and large molecules carrying out a plethora of reactions, including hydroxylations, demethylations, ring formations, rearrangements, desaturations, and halogenations, making them promising candidates for industrial manufacture. In this review, we describe the current status of 2OGX use in biocatalytic applications concentrating on 2OGX-catalyzed oxyfunctionalization of amino acids and synthesis of antibiotics. Looking forward, continued bioinformatic sourcing will help identify additional, practical useful members of this intriguing enzyme family, while enzyme engineering will pave the way to enhance 2OGX reactivity for non-native substrates.

Application of Web 2.0 Tools in Libraries in Africa

2015 ◽  
pp. 85-112
Author(s):  
Tom Kwanya ◽  
Christine Stilwell
Keyword(s):  
Web 2.0 ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Library Services ◽  
Social Web ◽  
Web 2.0 Tools ◽  
Reality Check ◽  
Library Users ◽  
Current Impact ◽  
The Way

The emergence of Web 2.0, the read/write social web, has prompted a momentous change in the way library users seek information, communicate, and collaborate. This trend is affecting the usability and relevance of libraries as the epicentres of information and knowledge. It is essential, therefore, that libraries adopt this technology to fit their services and products as closely as possible to the emerging lifestyles of the users. The application of Web 2.0 tools to conceptualise and deliver library services in developed countries is widely documented. In Africa, however, literature on this subject remains scanty. The authors conducted a reality check of the current status of the application of Web 2.0 tools in libraries, assessed the current impact of Web 2.0 on library services, identified the challenges African libraries face while adopting Web 2.0, and proposed ways to use Web 2.0 tools effectively in libraries in Africa.

Formation of Biogenic Amines throughout the Industrial Manufacture of Red Wine

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Á. MARCOBAL ◽  
P. J. MARTÍN-ÁLVAREZ ◽  
M. C. POLO ◽  
R. MUÑOZ ◽  
M. V. MORENO-ARRIBAS
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Sulfur Dioxide ◽  
Biogenic Amines ◽  
Biogenic Amine ◽  
Alcoholic Fermentation ◽  
Red Wine ◽  
Malolactic Fermentation ◽  
Industrial Manufacture ◽  
Amino Acid Precursors ◽  
Wine Aging

Changes in biogenic amines (histamine, methylamine, ethylamine, tyramine, phenylethylamine, putrescine, and cadaver-ine) were monitored during the industrial manufacture of 55 batches of red wine. The origin of these amines in relation to must, alcoholic fermentation, malolactic fermentation, sulfur dioxide addition, and wine aging and the interactions between amines and their corresponding amino acids and pH were statistically evaluated in samples from the same batches throughout the elaboration process. Some amines can be produced in the grape or the musts (e.g., putrescine, cadaverine, and phenylethylamine) or can be formed by yeast during alcoholic fermentation (e.g., ethylamine and phenylethylamine), although quantitatively only very low concentrations are reached in these stages (less than 3 mg/liter). Malolactic fermentation was the main mechanism of biogenic amine formation, especially of histamine, tyramine, and putrescine. During this stage, the increase in these amines was accompanied by a significant decline in their amino acid precursors. Significant correlations between biogenic amine formation and the disappearance of their corresponding amino acids were observed, which clearly supports the hypothesis that malolactic bacteria are responsible for accumulation of these amines in wines. No increase in the concentration of biogenic amines was observed after SO2 addition and during wine aging, indicating that sulfur dioxide prevents amine formation in subsequent stages.

Oxygen Reduction Reactions of Fe-N-C Catalysts: Current Status and the Way Forward

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hangjia Shen ◽  
Tiju Thomas ◽  
Sefiu Abolaji Rasaki ◽  
Ali Saad ◽  
Chun Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Reduction Reactions ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reactions ◽  
The Way

European SST landscape: Current status and challenges on the way ahead

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Tomas Hrozensky ◽  
Marek Dvoracek
Keyword(s):  
Current Status ◽  
The Way

Therapeutic delivery using cell-penetrating peptides

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupa R. Sawant ◽  
Niravkumar R. Patel ◽  
Vladimir P. Torchilin
Keyword(s):  
Small Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Agent ◽  
Intracellular Delivery ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Therapeutic Delivery ◽  
Cell Penetrating ◽  
Stimuli Sensitive

AbstractIntracellular delivery of promising therapeutic agents as well as nanocarriers presents a unique challenge. However, with the discovery of the cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), overcoming this obstacle seems more plausible. In many cases, CPPs conjugated with therapeutic agent or therapeutic agent loaded-nanoparticles have shown promising results via increased cellular uptake. In this review, the current status of CPPs for the intracellular delivery of not just potential therapeutic small molecules but also large molecules like peptides, nucleic acids and nanocarriers is discussed. In addition, the design of ‘smart stimuli-sensitive nanocarrier’ to overcome the non-target-specificity of CPPs is also described.

Environmental Inspections at the EU: The imperative to move forward

elni Review ◽  
2009 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Ana Barreira
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
European Commission ◽  
Current Status ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Community Law ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
The Eu ◽  
The Way

The European Commission has recognised that “[l]aws do not serve their full purpose unless they are properly applied and enforced”. In addition “[t]he European Institutions and the Member States should continue to develop their work to ensure that Community law is correctly applied and implemented”. There are diverse tools for guaranteeing compliance such as compliance indicators, compliance and enforcement strategies and environmental inspections, the purpose of which is to supervise compliance. This article focuses on the latter. Firstly, the way in which this instrument was incorporated under Community environmental policy is examined. Secondly, the current status of environmental inspections at EU level is briefly analysed. Thereafter, it will concentrate on the proposals for the review of this tool, ending with some recommendations on how environmental inspections should be regulated in the European Union with a focus on the demands of European Environmental Bureau (EEB) on this matter.

Current status on metabolic engineering for the production of l-aspartate family amino acids and derivatives

2017 ◽  
Vol 245 ◽  
pp. 1588-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanjun Li ◽  
Hongbo Wei ◽  
Ting Wang ◽  
Qingyang Xu ◽  
Chenglin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Metabolic Engineering ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Amino Acids And Derivatives ◽  
Aspartate Family
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