scholarly journals Spinal Cord Injury Management through the Combination of Stem Cells and Implantable 3D Bioprinted Platforms

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 3189
Author(s):  
Atefeh Zarepour ◽  
Sara Hooshmand ◽  
Aylin Gökmen ◽  
Ali Zarrabi ◽  
Ebrahim Mostafavi
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Functional Integration ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
3D Bioprinting ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Novel Treatments ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) has a major impact on affected patients due to its pathological consequences and absence of capacity for self-repair. Currently available therapies are unable to restore lost neural functions. Thus, there is a pressing need to develop novel treatments that will promote functional repair after SCI. Several experimental approaches have been explored to tackle SCI, including the combination of stem cells and 3D bioprinting. Implanted multipotent stem cells with self-renewing capacity and the ability to differentiate to a diversity of cell types are promising candidates for replacing dead cells in injured sites and restoring disrupted neural circuits. However, implanted stem cells need protection from the inflammatory agents in the injured area and support to guide them to appropriate differentiation. Not only are 3D bioprinted scaffolds able to protect stem cells, but they can also promote their differentiation and functional integration at the site of injury. In this review, we showcase some recent advances in the use of stem cells for the treatment of SCI, different types of 3D bioprinting methods, and the combined application of stem cells and 3D bioprinting technique for effective repair of SCI.

Cell therapy of combat related spinal cord injury with use of adult neural crest-derived multipotent stem cells

Cytotherapy ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. S223 ◽  
Author(s):  
V Grytsyk ◽  
A Rodnichenko ◽  
O Gubar ◽  
O Rybachuk ◽  
A Zlatska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Neural Crest ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

scholarly journals The cell repair research of spinal cord injury: a review of cell transplantation to treat spinal cord injury

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenrong Zhang ◽  
Fangyong Wang ◽  
Mingjie Song
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Comprehensive Treatment ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cell Repair ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Cord Injury

Through retrospective analysis of the literature on the cell repair of spinal cord injury worldwide, it is found that the mechanism of cell transplantation repairing spinal cord injury is mainly to replace damaged neurons, protect host neurons, prevent apoptosis, promote axonal regeneration and synapse formation, promote myelination, and secrete trophic factors or growth factors to improve microenvironment. A variety of cells are used to repair spinal cord injury. Stem cells include multipotent stem cells, embryonic stem cells, and induced pluripotent stem cells. The multipotent stem cells are mainly various types of mesenchymal stem cells and neural stem cells. Non-stem cells include olfactory ensheathing cells and Schwann cells. Transplantation of inhibitory interneurons to alleviate neuropathic pain in patients is receiving widespread attention. Different types of cell transplantation have their own advantages and disadvantages, and multiple cell transplantation may be more helpful to the patient’s functional recovery. These cells have certain effects on the recovery of neurological function and the improvement of complications, but further exploration is needed in clinical application. The application of a variety of cell transplantation, gene technology, bioengineering and other technologies has made the prospect of cell transplantation more extensive. There is a need to find a safe and effective comprehensive treatment to maximize and restore the patient’s performance.

Percutaneous transplantation of human umbilical cord blood–derived multipotent stem cells in a canine model of spinal cord injury

2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 749-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae-Hoon Lee ◽  
Hwa-Seok Chang ◽  
Eun-Hee Kang ◽  
Dai-Jung Chung ◽  
Chi-Bong Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Human Umbilical Cord ◽  
Fluoroscopic Guidance ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Group 2

Object The authors describe a method for percutaneous transplantation of human umbilical cord blood (hUCB)–derived multipotent stem cells (MSCs) under fluoroscopic guidance. The investigators then tested whether percutaneous transplantation of hUCB-derived MSCs improved neurological functional recovery after acute spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods The authors induced SCI in 10 dogs by percutaneous balloon compression. The 10 injured dogs were assigned randomly to the following groups (2 dogs each): Group 1, evaluated 2 weeks after sham transplantation; Group 2, evaluated 2 weeks after transplantation; Group 3, evaluated 4 weeks after sham transplantation; Group 4, evaluated 4 weeks after transplantation; and Group 5, evaluated 4 weeks after multispot transplantations. The dogs with sham transplantation (Groups 1 and 3) received the same volume of saline, as a control. A spinal needle was advanced into the spinal canal, and the investigators confirmed that the end of the spinal needle was located in the ventral part of spinal cord parenchyma by using contrast medium under fluoroscopic guidance. The hUCB-derived MSCs were transplanted into the cranial end of the injured segment in 6 injured dogs at 7 days after SCI. Results Two dogs in Group 2 showed no improvement until 2 weeks after transplantation. Three of 4 dogs (Groups 4 and 5) that received cellular transplants exhibited gradual improvement in hindlimb locomotion from 3 weeks after cell transplantation. The CM-DiI–labeled hUCB-derived MSCs were observed in the spinal cord lesions at 4 weeks posttransplantation and exerted a significant beneficial effect by reducing cyst and injury size. The transplanted cells were positive for NeuN, glial fibrillary acidic protein, and von Willebrand factor. Conclusions The percutaneous transplantation technique described here can be easily performed, and it differs from previous techniques by avoiding surgical exposure and allowing cells to be more precisely transplanted into the spinal cord. This technique has many potential applications in the treatment of human SCI by cell transplantation. The results also suggest that transplantation of hUCB-derived MSCs may have therapeutic effects that decrease cavitation for acute SCI.

The combined application of human adipose derived stem cells and Chondroitinase ABC in treatment of a spinal cord injury model

Neuropeptides ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Sarveazad ◽  
Asrin Babahajian ◽  
Mehrdad Bakhtiari ◽  
Mansoureh Soleimani ◽  
Babak Behnam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Adipose Derived Stem Cells ◽  
Chondroitinase Abc ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury Model ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Cord Injury

Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 340-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Alishahi ◽  
Amir Anbiyaiee ◽  
Maryam Farzaneh ◽  
Seyed E. Khoshnam
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Human Mscs ◽  
Multipotent Stem Cells ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI), as a devastating and life-altering neurological disorder, is one of the most serious health issues. Currently, the management of acute SCI includes pharmacotherapy and surgical decompression. Both the approaches have been observed to have adverse physiological effects on SCI patients. Therefore, novel therapeutic targets for the management of SCI are urgently required for developing cell-based therapies. Multipotent stem cells, as a novel strategy for the treatment of tissue injury, may provide an effective therapeutic option against many neurological disorders. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or multipotent stromal cells can typically self-renew and generate various cell types. These cells are often isolated from bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissues (AD-MSCs), umbilical cord blood (UCB-MSCs), and placenta (PMSCs). MSCs have remarkable potential for the development of regenerative therapies in animal models and humans with SCI. Herein, we summarize the therapeutic potential of human MSCs in the treatment of SCI.

Regenerative potential of Stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injury (SCI)

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin J Herbert ◽  
Dhivya Bharathi ◽  
Sevanthy Suresh ◽  
Ernest David ◽  
Sanjay Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immune Modulation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cord Injury

: Spinal cord injury is a devastating condition that is critically challenging and progressive, needing immediate medical attention due to its complex pathophysiology and affecting the social status and economic burden. Stem cell therapy has been the emerging therapeutic trend to treat various diseases for decades. Mesenchymal stem cells pose more advantages over other stem cells in immune-modulation, immune evasiveness, self-renewal, multipotency, etc. Due to various issues in the recent past related to allogenic transplants, ethical concerns in obtaining tissues and adult cells, host immune response, GMP grade production and certification, cell-derived products or cell secretome have proven to be a promising approach and have been implicated in many studies and also in many clinical trials. Utilization of these human MSC-derived exosomes/extracellular vesicles in spinal cord injury has also been demonstrated in many pre-clinical animal models. It is now proven to be therapeutically more efficient and safer than cell therapy. This review focuses on employing human MSC derived EVs for SCI and continues to elucidate the recent advances and emerging EVs trends from other cell types. We discuss biomaterial-based synergistic intervention, mention mimetics and nanovesicles and finally touch upon safety concerns in EV therapy.

scholarly journals Pluripotent Stem Cells for Spinal Cord Injury Repair

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 3334
Author(s):  
Maria Martin-Lopez ◽  
Beatriz Fernandez-Muñoz ◽  
Sebastian Canovas
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cell Therapy ◽  
Pluripotent Stem Cells ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Differentiation Potential ◽  
Cell Therapies ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating condition of the central nervous system that strongly reduces the patient’s quality of life and has large financial costs for the healthcare system. Cell therapy has shown considerable therapeutic potential for SCI treatment in different animal models. Although many different cell types have been investigated with the goal of promoting repair and recovery from injury, stem cells appear to be the most promising. Here, we review the experimental approaches that have been carried out with pluripotent stem cells, a cell type that, due to its inherent plasticity, self-renewal, and differentiation potential, represents an attractive source for the development of new cell therapies for SCI. We will focus on several key observations that illustrate the potential of cell therapy for SCI, and we will attempt to draw some conclusions from the studies performed to date.

Stem Cell Transplantation: A Promising Therapy for Spinal Cord Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Gong ◽  
Kaishun Xia ◽  
Ankai Xu ◽  
Chao Yu ◽  
Chenggui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Embryonic Stem ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Cord Injury

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) causes irreversible functional loss of the affected population. The incidence of SCI keeps increasing, resulting in huge burden on the society. The pathogenesis of SCI involves neuron death and exotic reaction, which could impede neuron regeneration. In clinic, the limited regenerative capacity of endogenous cells after SCI is a major problem. Recent studies have demonstrated that a variety of stem cells such as induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs), Embryonic Stem Cells (ESCs), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) and Neural Progenitor Cells (NPCs) /Neural Stem Cells (NSCs) have therapeutic potential for SCI. However, the efficacy and safety of these stem cellbased therapy for SCI remain controversial. In this review, we introduce the pathogenesis of SCI, summarize the current status of the application of these stem cells in SCI repair, and discuss possible mechanisms responsible for functional recovery of SCI after stem cell transplantation. Finally, we highlight several areas for further exploitation of stem cells as a promising regenerative therapy of SCI.

Using a saddle-assistive device equipped with mechanical orthosis for walking of the person with incomplete spinal cord injury

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110201
Author(s):  
Akbar Hojjati Najafabadi ◽  
Saeid Amini ◽  
Farzam Farahmand
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Reaction Force ◽  
Assistive Devices ◽  
Assistive Device ◽  
Walking Ability ◽  
Vertical Force ◽  
Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Combined Application ◽  
Cord Injury

The majority of the people with incomplete spinal cord injury lose their walking ability, due to the weakness of their muscle motors in providing torque. As a result, developing assistive devices to improve their conditionis of great importance. In this study, a combined application of the saddle-assistive device (S-AD) and mechanical medial linkage or thosis was evaluated to improve the walking ability in patients with spinal cord injury in the gait laboratory. This mobile assistive device is called the saddle-assistive device equipped with medial linkage or thosis (S-ADEM). In this device, a mechanical orthosis was used in a wheeled walker as previously done in the literature. Initially, for evaluation of the proposed assistive device, the experimental results related to the forces and torques exerted on the feet and upper limbs of a person with the incomplete Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) during walking usingthe standard walker were compared with an those obtained from using the S-ADEM on an able-bodied subject. It was found that using this combination of assistive devices decreases the vertical force and torque on the foot at the time of walking by 53% and 48%, respectively compared to a standard walker. Moreover, the hand-reaction force on the upper limb was negligible instanding and walking positions usingthe introduced device. The findings of this study revealed that the walking ability of the patients with incomplete SCI was improved using the proposed device, which is due to the bodyweight support and the motion technology used in it.

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