scholarly journals Relationship between Muscle Tone of the Erector Spinae and the Concave and Convex Sides of Spinal Curvature in Low-Grade Scoliosis among Children

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1168
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczyński
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Tone ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
Therapeutic Practice ◽  
Erector Spinae Muscle

The objective of the present research was to assess the relationship between muscle tone of the erector spinae and the concave and convex sides of spinal curvature in low-grade scoliosis found among children. The study included 251 children, aged 7–8. Examination of the spine and body posture was carried out using the Diers Formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. Surface electromyography (sEMG) was used to assess erector spinae muscle tone. The trial was carried out using the 14-channel Noraxon TeleMyo DTS apparatus. The highest generalised tone (sEMG amplitude) of the erector spinae occurred in the case of scoliosis. The higher the angle of curvature, the greater the erector spinae muscle tone. Regardless of the position adopted during examination of the thoracic spine, greater erector spinae tone (sEMG amplitude) was exhibited on the convex side of the spinal curvature. However, in the area of the lumbar spine, greater tone (sEMG amplitude) of the erector spinae occurred on the curvature’s concave side. The exception was the test performed in a standing position, during which greater muscle tone was noted on the side of the convex curvature. In therapeutic practice, within the thoracic section, too tense erector spinae muscles should be stretched on the convex side of the scoliosis, while in the lumbar region, this should be performed on the concave side. However, each case of scoliosis requires individually tailored treatment. The current research has applicative value and does fill a research gap with regard to erector spinae muscle tone in young children experiencing low-grade scoliosis. The development of scoliosis is associated with asymmetry and an increase in erector spinae tone. The uneven distribution of its tone, occurring on both sides of the spine and in its various segments, causes destabilisation and its abnormal progression.

scholarly journals The Relationship between the Angle of Curvature of the Spine and SEMG Amplitude of the Erector Spinae in Young School-Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (15) ◽  
pp. 3115
Author(s):  
Jacek Wilczyński ◽  
Przemysław Karolak ◽  
Sylwia Janecka ◽  
Magdalena Kabała ◽  
Natalia Habik-Tatarowska
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Optoelectronic Method ◽  
Impaired Balance ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Method Analysis

The aim of the study was to analyze the relationship between the angle of spinal curvature and surface electromyography (SEMG) amplitude of the erector spinae in young school-children. A total of 251 children aged 7–8 participated in the study. The analysis involved 103 (41%) children with scoliosis, 141 (56.17%) with scoliotic posture, and seven (3.0%) with normal posture. Body posture was evaluated using the Diers formetric III 4D optoelectronic method. Analysis of SEMG amplitude of the erector spinae was performed with the Noraxon TeleMyo DTS apparatus. A significant correlation was found between the angle of spinal curvature and the SEMG amplitude of the erector spinae. The most important and statistically significant predictor of the SEMG amplitude and scoliosis angle in the scoliosis group was the standing position, chest segment, right side. The largest generalized SEMG amplitude of the erector spinae occurred in both boys and girls with scoliosis. Impaired balance of muscle tension in the erector spinae can trigger a set of changes that create a clinical and anatomopathological image of spinal curvature.

scholarly journals Asymmetrical activation and asymmetrical weakness as two different mechanisms of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulhyun Park ◽  
Jin Young Ko ◽  
Joon Young Jang ◽  
Seungeun Lee ◽  
Jaewon Beom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Surface Electromyography ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
Coronal Imbalance ◽  
Structural Variables ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Head Height

AbstractThere have been many studies on adolescent idiopathic scoliosis related abnormal muscle contractions of the spine. However, previous studies using surface electromyography to investigate paraspinal muscle asymmetry are controversial, lacking in clarity of results, and hindered by methodological limitations. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between imbalance factors including surface electromyography activity according to the scoliosis curve type and leg length discrepancy and adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curve types. Seventy-nine patients with scoliosis were prospectively enrolled and were divided into five types: single thoracic, thoracolumbar, lumbar, double thoracic, and double major. Cobb angle and structural variables were measured. Surface electromyography examinations were conducted at the 7th, 12th thoracic erector spinae, 3rd lumbar erector spinae, and multifidus muscles during the superman position keeping prone spinal extension to lift the arms and legs off the floor. Whole spine radiographs were obtained to measure the Cobb angle, coronal imbalance, pelvic height and angle, and femoral head height. In the double major, thoracolumbar, and lumbar types, the mean root mean squared (RMS) EMG amplitudes were significantly higher on the convex side than the concave side (P < 0.005). In the DM type, the mean RMS EMG amplitudes of EST7 and ESL3 where the apex was located were significantly higher at the convex side than those of the concave side (P < 0.005, effect size (Cohen’s d) for EST7/ESL3: 0.517/0.573). The TL and L types showed a similar pattern. The mean RMS EMG amplitudes of the EST12 concave side and MuL3 and ESL3 concave sides were significantly lower than those of the convex side in the TL and L types, respectively (P < 0.008, effect size (Cohen’s d) for EST12/MuL3/ESL3: 0.960/0.264/0.448). Conversely, there were no significant differences in the single thoracic and double thoracic types. All structural variables (coronal imbalance, pelvic height and angle, and femur head height) were higher in the lumbar type, but only coronal imbalance was significantly different (P < 0.05). Different patterns of asymmetry of paraspinal muscles and structural variables were described based on the curvature of the spine. L type showed that EMG activity was asymmetric in the paraspinalis muscles where the apex was located and that structural asymmetry, such as coronal imbalance was significantly greater than other types. DM type showed similar paraspinalis asymmetry pattern to the ST type but there was no structural asymmetry in DM and ST types. TL type has the features of both thoracic and lumbar origins. Understanding these could contribute to the management in correcting scoliosis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Myoelectric Activity of Paraspinal Muscles in Adolescents with Idiopathic Scoliosis during Habitual Standing and Sitting

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garcia Kwok ◽  
Joanne Yip ◽  
Mei-Chun Cheung ◽  
Kit-Lun Yick
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Spinal Curvature ◽  
Myoelectric Activity ◽  
Lumbar Region ◽  
Paraspinal Muscles ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Type Ia ◽  
Provision Of Care ◽  
Regular Practice

There is a number of research work in the literature that have applied sEMG biofeedback as an instrument for muscle rehabilitation. Therefore, sEMG is a good tool for this research work and is used to record the myoelectric activity in the paraspinal muscles of those with AIS during habitual standing and sitting. After the sEMG evaluation, the root-mean-square (RMS) sEMG values of the paraspinal muscles in the habitual postures reflect the spinal curvature situation of the PUMC Type Ia and IIc subjects. Both groups have a stronger average RMS sEMG value on the convex side of the affected muscle regions. Correction to posture as instructed by the physiotherapist has helped the subjects to achieve a more balanced RMS sEMG ratio in the trapezius and latissimus dorsi regions; the erector spinae in the thoracic region and/or erector spinae in the lumbar region. It is, therefore, considered that with regular practice of the suggested positions, those with AIS can use motor learning to achieve a more balanced posture. Consequently, the findings can be used in less intrusive early orthotic intervention and provision of care to those with AIS.

Comparison among low intensity bridge exercises using suspension devices based on muscle activity and subjective difficulty

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sang-Yeol Lee ◽  
Se-Yeon Park
Keyword(s):  
Inclination Angle ◽  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Erector Spinae ◽  
Trunk Muscles ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Abdominal Muscles ◽  
Internal Oblique Muscle ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Erector Spinae Muscle ◽  
Internal Oblique

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have revealed the advantages of using suspension devices. Although the supine, lateral, and forward leaning bridge exercises are low-intensity exercises with suspension devices, there is a lack of studies directly comparing exercise progression by measuring muscular activity and subjective difficulty. OBJECTIVE: To identify how the variations in the bridge exercise affects trunk muscle activity, the present study investigated changes in neuromuscular activation during low-intensity bridge exercises. We furthermore explored whether the height of the suspension point affects muscle activation and subjective difficulty. METHODS: Nineteen asymptomatic male participants were included. Three bridge exercise positions, supine bridge (SB), lateral bridge (LB), forward leaning (FL), and two exercise angles (15 and 30 degrees) were administered, thereby comparing six bridge exercise conditions with suspension devices. Surface electromyography and subjective difficulty data were collected. RESULTS: The rectus abdominis activity was significantly higher with the LB and FL exercises compared with the SB exercise (p< 0.05). The erector spinae muscle activity was significantly higher with the SB and LB exercises, compared with the FL exercise (p< 0.05). The LB exercise significantly increased the internal oblique muscle activity, compared with other exercise variations (p< 0.05). The inclination angle of the exercise only affected the internal oblique muscle and subjective difficulty, which were significantly higher at 30 degrees compared with 15 degrees (p< 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Relatively higher inclination angle was not effective in overall activation of the trunk muscles; however, different bridge-type exercises could selectively activate the trunk muscles. The LB and SB exercises could be good options for stimulating the internal oblique abdominis, and the erector spinae muscle, while the FL exercise could minimize the erector spinae activity and activate the abdominal muscles.

scholarly journals Uniplanar cannulated pedicle screws in the correction of Lenke type 1 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiwei Zhao ◽  
Wubo Liu ◽  
Suomao Yuan ◽  
Yonghao Tian ◽  
Xinyu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Idiopathic Scoliosis ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Vertebral Rotation ◽  
Concave Side ◽  
Convex Side ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Abstract Background In the present study, we reported the clinical use of uniplanar cannulated pedicle screws for the correction of Lenke type 1 adolescent Idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), and its safety and clinical outcomes were also evaluated. Methods 68 patients with Lenke type 1 AIS were included, among which 38 patients were treated with uniplanar cannulated screws at the concave side of periapical levels and multiaxial screws at the other levels (group A). Moreover, the remaining 30 patients were treated with all multiaxial screws (group B). The preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters of the Lenke type 1 AIS, axial vertebral rotation, and the safety of the pedicle screws were evaluated by X-rays and computed tomography (CT). Results Preoperative data was comparable between two groups. The postoperative proximal thoracic (PT) curve, main thoracic (MT) curve, thoracolumbar/lumbar (TL/L) curve, and apical vertebral rotation were significantly improved compared with the preoperative data. The coronal correction rates in group A and B were 83% and 81.9%, respectively (P > 0.05). The derotation rates in group A and B were 60.8% and 43.2%, respectively (P < 0.05). The rotation classification in the group A was also better compared with the group B. The misplacement rate in group A and B was 7.9% and 11.8%, respectively (P < 0.05), and the total misplacement rate on the concave side (11.4%) was higher than that of convex side (8.4%). The lateral perforation was found at the concave side, while the medial perforation was found at the convex side. On the concave side, the misplacement rate in group A and B was 9.7% and 12.3%, respectively (P < 0.05). The grades 2 and 3 perforations were three (3.5%) in the group A and eight (8.2%) in the group B (P < 0.05). On the convex side, the misplacement rate in group A and B was 5.9% and 11.1%, respectively (P < 0.05). The grades 2 and 3 perforations were one (0.9%) in the group A and four (4.4%) in the group B (P < 0.05). Conclusion Collectively, uniplanar cannulated pedicle screws could effectively increase the accuracy of pedicle screws and facilitate the derotation of the apical vertebra compared with the multiaxial pedicle screws. Trial registration retrospectively registered

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