Dopants for Enhanced Performance of Tin-Based Perovskite Solar Cells—A Short Review

Lead-based perovskite solar cells had reached a bottleneck and demonstrated significant power conversion efficiency (PCE) growth matching the performance of traditional polycrystalline silicon solar cells. Lead-containing perovskite solar cell technology is on the verge of commercialization and has huge potential to replace silicon solar cells, but despite the very promising future of these perovskite solar cells, the presence of water-soluble toxic lead content is a growing concern in the scientific community and a major bottleneck for their commercialization. The less toxic, tin-based perovskite solar cells are promising alternatives for lead-free perovskite solar cells. Like lead-based perovskite, the general chemical formula composition of tin-based perovskite is ASnX3, where A is a cation and X is an anion (halogen). It is evident that tin-based perovskites, being less-toxic with excellent photoelectric properties, show respectable performance. Recently, numerous studies reported on the fabrication of Sn-based perovskite solar cells. However, the stability of this novel lead-free alternative material remains a big concern. One of the many ways to stabilize these solar cells includes addition of dopants. In this context, this article summarizes the most important fabrication routes employing dopants that have shown excellent stability for tin-based perovskite photovoltaics and elaborates the prospects of lead-free, tin based stable perovskite photovoltaics.

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Recent advances in perovskite solar cells: efficiency, stability and lead-free perovskite

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c7ta00366h ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 5 (23) ◽

pp. 11462-11482 ◽

Cited By ~ 240

Author(s):

Shida Yang ◽

Weifei Fu ◽

Zhongqiang Zhang ◽

Hongzheng Chen ◽

Chang-Zhi Li

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

High Performance ◽

Recent Progress ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Lead Free ◽

Tandem Solar Cells ◽

Device Stability ◽

Recent Advances ◽

Stability Issue ◽

The Stability

In this review, we first highlighted recent progress in high-performance perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) with a discussion of the fabrication methods and PVSCs-based tandem solar cells. Furthermore, the stability issue of PVSCs and strategies to improve material and device stability have been discussed, and finally, a summary of the recent progress in lead-free perovskites has been presented.

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Progress in perovskite based solar cells: scientific and engineering state of the art

REVIEWS ON ADVANCED MATERIALS SCIENCE ◽

10.1515/rams-2020-0017 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (1) ◽

pp. 10-25

Author(s):

Saida Laalioui ◽

Kawtar Belrhiti Alaoui ◽

Houda Ait Dads ◽

Kassem El Assali ◽

Badr Ikken ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Conversion Efficiency ◽

State Of The Art ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Present Review ◽

Silicon Solar Cells ◽

Tandem Solar Cells ◽

Engineering State ◽

The Stability ◽

Photovoltaic Technologies

AbstractPerovskite solar cells (PSCs) are one of the most promising photovoltaic technologies undergoing rapid developments. PSC efficiency has reached 25.2% in only seven years, which is close to the record efficiency of silicon solar cells. In addition, the use of PSCs in tandem solar cells either in the 4-terminal or monolithic configuration, can lead to a significant increase conversion efficiency. However, the stability and the scalability are the main issues that still hinder the commercialization of the perovskite technology.The present review focusses on the recent development in perovskite solar cells materials, cell architectures and fabrication methods and their effect on the conversion efficiency and stability of the devices. In addition, solutions proposed to overcome the main challenges and to make tandem solar cells are discussed.

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Hydrazinium-assisted stabilisation of methylammonium tin iodide for lead-free perovskite solar cells

Journal of Materials Chemistry A ◽

10.1039/c8ta07699e ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (43) ◽

pp. 21389-21395 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Sergey Tsarev ◽

Aleksandra G. Boldyreva ◽

Sergey Yu. Luchkin ◽

Moneim Elshobaki ◽

Mikhail I. Afanasov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Photovoltaic Performance ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Lead Free ◽

Partial Substitution ◽

Tin Iodide ◽

The Stability

Here we explore the effect of the partial substitution of univalent methylammonium cations (MA) with hydrazinium ions (HA) on the stability, morphology and photovoltaic performance of hybrid MA(1−x)HAxSnI3 systems.

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Water‐Soluble Triazolium Ionic‐Liquid‐Induced Surface Self‐Assembly to Enhance the Stability and Efficiency of Perovskite Solar Cells

Advanced Functional Materials ◽

10.1002/adfm.201900417 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 29 (15) ◽

pp. 1900417 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Shuangjie Wang ◽

Zhen Li ◽

Yuanyuan Zhang ◽

Xingrui Liu ◽

Jian Han ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Ionic Liquid ◽

Solar Cells ◽

Self Assembly ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Water Soluble ◽

The Stability

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Study on Preparation and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells with Supramolecular Interaction

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202018501065 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 185 ◽

pp. 01065

Author(s):

Qing Zhu ◽

Chengsheng Li

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Optical Absorption Coefficient ◽

Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency ◽

Supramolecular Interaction ◽

Photoelectric Conversion ◽

Ion Migration ◽

Photoelectric Properties ◽

Perovskite Materials ◽

The Stability

In recent years, perovskite solar cells have been developed rapidly because of its excellent crystalline properties, high optical absorption coefficient, high carrier mobility, long carrier life and direct band gap, and suitable to be used as light absorbing layer material of photovoltaic devices. However, the most prominent problem of perovskite materials is that a lot of organic cations will migrate and lose in the process of illumination or heating, which is considered to be the main reason for the performance degradation of perovskite films and devices. Therefore, the suppression of ion migration in perovskite is helpful to improve the stability of perovskite materials and devices and enhance their photoelectric properties. In order to effectively control the ion migration in perovskite films, this paper uses the cation-π supramolecular interaction, to prepare the perovskite films with better photoelectric performance and higher stability. The experimental results show that the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cellsdevice doped with rubrene is increased from 18.60% to 20.86%, and the hysteresis of the cell is also significantly suppressed.

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Defects and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cell: A Critical Analysis

Materials Chemistry Frontiers ◽

10.1039/d1qm01250a ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Leiping Duan ◽

Ashraf Uddin

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

Critical Analysis ◽

Power Conversion ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Perovskite Solar Cell ◽

Silicon Solar Cells ◽

Metal Halide Perovskite ◽

Halide Perovskite ◽

The Stability

Metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) continue to improve their power conversion efficiency by over 25.5% which is at the same level as silicon solar cells. The stability of perovskite...

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Design and Numerical Investigation of a Lead-Free Inorganic Layered Double Perovskite Cs4CuSb2Cl12 Nanocrystal Solar Cell by SCAPS-1D

Nanomaterials ◽

10.3390/nano11092321 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 2321

Author(s):

Yizhou He ◽

Liyifei Xu ◽

Cheng Yang ◽

Xiaowei Guo ◽

Shaorong Li

Keyword(s):

Solar Cells ◽

Solar Cell ◽

High Efficiency ◽

Perovskite Solar Cells ◽

Hole Transport ◽

Environmental Stability ◽

Lead Free ◽

Inorganic Perovskite ◽

Photoelectric Properties ◽

Quantum Leap

In the last decade, perovskite solar cells have made a quantum leap in performance with the efficiency increasing from 3.8% to 25%. However, commercial perovskite solar cells have faced a major impediment due to toxicity and stability issues. Therefore, lead-free inorganic perovskites have been investigated in order to find substitute perovskites which can provide a high efficiency similar to lead-based perovskites. In recent studies, as a kind of lead-free inorganic perovskite material, Cs4CuSb2Cl12 has been demonstrated to possess impressive photoelectric properties and excellent environmental stability. Moreover, Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals have smaller effective photo-generated carrier masses than bulk Cs4CuSb2Cl12, which provides excellent carrier mobility. To date, there have been no reports about Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals used for making solar cells. To explore the potential of Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cells, we propose a lead-free perovskite solar cell with the configuration of FTO/ETL/Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals/HTL/Au using a solar cell capacitance simulator. Moreover, we numerically investigate the factors that affect the performance of the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cell with the aim of enhancing its performance. By selecting the appropriate hole transport material, electron transport material, thickness of the absorber layer, doping densities, defect density in the absorber, interface defect densities, and working temperature point, we predict that the Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystal solar cell with the FTO/TiO2/Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals/Cu2O/Au structure can attain a power conversion efficiency of 23.07% at 300 K. Our analysis indicates that Cs4CuSb2Cl12 nanocrystals have great potential as an absorbing layer towards highly efficient lead-free all-inorganic perovskite solar cells.

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