scholarly journals Genetic Assignment Tests to Identify the Probable Geographic Origin of a Captive Specimen of Military Macaw (Ara militaris) in Mexico: Implications for Conservation

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 245
Author(s):  
Francisco A. Rivera-Ortíz ◽  
Jessica Juan-Espinosa ◽  
Sofía Solórzano ◽  
Ana M. Contreras-González ◽  
María del C. Arizmendi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Markers ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Genetic Assignment ◽  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Assignment Tests ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Positive Controls

The Military Macaw (Ara militaris) faces a number of serious conservation threats. The use of genetic markers and assignment tests may help to identify the geographic origin of captive individuals and improve conservation and management programs. The purpose of this study was to identify the possible geographic origin of a captive individual using genetic markers. We used a reference database of genotypes of 86 individuals previously shown to belong to two different genetic groups to determine the genetic assignment of the captive individual of unknown origin (captive specimen) and five individuals of known geographic origin (as positive controls). We evaluated the accuracy of three assignment/exclusion criteria to determine the success of correct assignment of the individual of unknown origin and the five positive control individuals. WICHLOCI estimated that eight loci were required to achieve an assignment success of 83%. The correct geographic origin of positive controls was identified with 83% confidence. All of the analyses assigned the captive individual to the genetic group from the Sierra Madre Oriental. Bayesian assignment tests, tests for genetic distance and allele frequency tests assigned the unknown individual to the locations from the Sierra Madre Oriental with a probability of 71.2–82.4%. We show that the use of genetic markers provides a promising tool for determining the origin of pets and individuals seized from the illegal animal trade to better inform decisions on reintroduction and improve conservation programs.

scholarly journals Who’s who in the western Hermann’s tortoise conservation: a STR toolkit and reference database for wildlife forensic genetic analyses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biello Roberto ◽  
Zampiglia Mauro ◽  
Corti Claudia ◽  
Deli Gianluca ◽  
Biaggini Marta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Typing ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Illegal Trade ◽  
Wild Populations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Testudo Hermanni ◽  
Forensic Genetic ◽  
Area Of Origin

ABSTRACTIllegal trade is threatening tortoise populations worldwide since decades. Nowadays, however, DNA typing and forensic genetic approaches allow to investigate geographic origin of confiscated animals and to relocate them into the wild, provided that suitable molecular tools and reference data are available. Here we assess the suitability of a small panel of microsatellite markers to investigate patterns of illegal translocations and to assist forensic genetic applications in the endangered Mediterranean land tortoise Testudo hermanni hermanni. We used the microsatellite panel to (i) increase the understanding of the population genetic structure in wild populations with new data from previously unsampled geographic areas (overall 461 wild individuals from 28 sampling sites); (ii) detect the presence of non-native individuals in wild populations; and (iii) identify the most likely geographic area of origin of 458 confiscated individuals hosted in Italian seizure and recovery centers. Our analysis initially identified six major genetic clusters corresponding to different geographic macro-areas along the Mediterranean range. Long-distance migrants among wild populations, due to translocations, were found and removed from the reference database. Assignment tests allowed us to allocate approximately 70% of confiscated individuals of unknown origin to one of the six Mediterranean macro-areas. Most of the assigned tortoises belonged to the genetic cluster corresponding to the area where the respective captivity center was located. However, we also found evidence of long-distance origin of confiscated individuals, especially in centers along the Adriatic coast and facing the Balkan regions, a well-known source of illegally traded individuals. Our results clearly show the role for reintroduction projects of the microsatellite panel, which was useful to re-assign most of the confiscated individuals to the respective macro-area of origin. At the same time, the microsatellite panel can assist future forensic genetic applications to detect illegal trade and possess of Testudo hermanni individuals.

La Sierra Madre Oriental como reservorio de diversidad vegetal

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (88) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Magdalena Salinas Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Sierra Madre

EVIDENCES OF AN ORDOVICIAN MAGMATIC ARC IN THE BASEMENT OF THE SIERRA MADRE ORIENTAL: A NEW PIECE OF THE GEOLOGICAL PUZZLE IN NE MEXICO

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Alejandro Alemán Gallardo ◽  
◽  
Juan Alonso Ramirez Fernandez ◽  
Augusto Antonio Rodriguez Diaz ◽  
Uwe Jenchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Magmatic Arc ◽  
Sierra Madre

Solutions and gels containing a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) reduce enamel and dentin erosion in vitro

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lethycia Almeida Santos ◽  
Tatiana Martini ◽  
João Victor Frazão Câmara ◽  
Fabiana Navas Reis ◽  
Adriana de Cássia Ortiz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Saliva ◽  
Dental Erosion ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Enamel Erosion ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Bovine Enamel ◽  
Dentin Erosion ◽  
Positive Controls

The effect of solutions and gels containing a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) on the protection against enamel and dentin erosion in vitro was evaluated. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were divided into two groups (n=135 and 153/group for enamel and dentin, respectively) that were treated with solutions or chitosan gels containing 0.1 or 0.25 mg/ml CaneCPI-5. The positive controls for solutions and gels were Elmex Erosion Protection™ solution and NaF gel (12,300 ppm F), respectively. Deionized water and chitosan gel served as controls, respectively. The solutions were first applied on the specimens for 1 min and the gels for 4 min. Stimulated saliva was collected from 3 donors and used to form a 2 h acquired pellicle on the specimens. Then, the specimens were submitted to an erosive pH cycling protocol 4 times/day for 7 days (0.1% citric acid pH 2.5/90s, artificial saliva/2h, artificial saliva overnight). The solutions and gels were applied again during pH cycling, 2 times/day for 1 min and 4 min, respectively, after the first and last erosive challenges. Enamel and dentin losses (µm) were assessed by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (p <0.05). All the treatments significantly reduced enamel and dentin loss in comparison with controls. Both CaneCPI-5 concentrations had a similar protective effect against enamel erosion, but only the higher concentration was as effective against dentin erosion as the positive control. Regarding the vehicles, only the 0.1 mg/ml gel performed worse than the positive control for dentin. CaneCPI-5 reduced enamel and dentin erosion to a similar extent as the fluoride-containing vehicles. However, dentin requires higher CaneCPI-5 concentrations, in the case of gels. Solutions or gels containing CaneCPI-5 might be a new approach to protect against dental erosion.

Improved Method for the ASTM Platelet and Leukocyte Assay: Use of Minimal Heparinization in a Screening Test for Hemocompatibility of Blood-Contacting Medical Devices

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Schatz ◽  
Sarah Howard ◽  
Deanna Porter ◽  
Kent Grove ◽  
Mark E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Complete Blood Count ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Final Concentration ◽  
Surface Adhesion ◽  
Improved Method ◽  
Robust Response ◽  
Positive Controls

Most blood-contacting medical devices must be assessed for potential thrombogenicity prior to regulatory approval. A common assay for screening and qualifying devices involves monitoring the reduction of platelet and leukocyte (P&L) counts in whole blood exposed to the device. We have validated an improved method for assessing a device's effect on platelet activation and surface adhesion, offering significant improvement over the current ASTM F2888-13 method, which uses blood fully anticoagulated by acidified citrate (known to significantly inhibit platelet responsiveness). Our method uses minimal heparinization (final concentration 1 IU/mL) to optimize the response to commonly used control materials: latex, black rubber, and high-density polyethylene (HDPE). We also have shown the assay's capacity to appropriately assess a legally marketed comparator device (LMCD) with a documented clinical history. The test materials were prepared for incubation and allowed to remain in contact with the citrated or heparinized blood for ∼1 h at 37 °C. A complete blood count was performed prior to exposure, and at the end of the incubation period, reductions in P&L counts were recorded. Results from citrate-anticoagulated assay showed only a marginal response to the positive control, black rubber. Using heparinized blood, the assay generated a robust response to the positive controls, the “intermediate scoring” controls, and also assessed a legally marketed and approved device as clearly nonthrombogenic. This modification adds robustness and sensitivity to this quick and inexpensive thrombogenicity assay and should be incorporated into the next ASTM standards.

scholarly journals Diferenciación morfológica poblacional de Magnolia rzedowskiana (Magnoliaceae): especie endémica en peligro de extinción de la sierra Madre Oriental, México

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (0) ◽  
pp. 913101
Author(s):  
Marisol Gutiérrez-Lozano ◽  
Arturo Sánchez-González ◽  
José Antonio Vázquez-García ◽  
Lauro López-Mata ◽  
Pablo Octavio-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Sierra Madre

scholarly journals Dendrocronología de Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco de la Sierra Madre Oriental en Nuevo León, México

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Rafaela Arreola-Ortiz ◽  
Martha González-Elizondo ◽  
José de Jesús Návar-Cháidez
Keyword(s):  
Pseudotsuga Menziesii ◽  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Sierra Madre

Se desarrollaron cronologías para Pseudotsuga menziesii de tres sitios en la Sierra Madre Oriental, en el estado de Nuevo León, México: El Potosí, La Marta y La Encantada. Los coeficientes de correlación entre cronologías, pruebas de normalidad en la amplitud y el índice de amplitud de los anillos de crecimiento radial indican la regionalización del clima y una decadencia del crecimiento radial de las poblaciones de Pseudotsuga menziesii ( Mirb.) Franco. La reducción del crecimiento radial de las poblaciones estudiadas parece estar relacionada con el cambio climático.

scholarly journals Desarrollo de un modelo espacial para la evaluación del peligro de incendios forestales en la Sierra Madre Oriental de México

2012 ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Alfonso Muñoz Robles ◽  
Eduardo Javier Treviño Garza ◽  
José Verástegui Chávez ◽  
Javier Jiménez Pérez ◽  
Oscar Alberto Aguirre Calderón
Keyword(s):  
Nuevo Leon ◽  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Nuevo León ◽  
Sierra Madre

El propósito de este estudio fue crear un modelo para evaluar el peligro de incendios forestales en una porción de bosque de clima templado en el estado de Nuevo León. Se empleó el método de análisis espacial multicriterio para integrar y evaluar en un sistema de información geográfica las variables que tienen influencia alta en el peligro de incendios forestales. La estructura del índice de peligro de incendios forestales incluyó tres componentes. El componente de combustibles forestales, que fue generado a partir de la evaluación de la carga de combustibles forestales muertos; el componente meteorológico se estructuró con la integración de la temperatura media máxima mensual y la precipitación total mensual. Por último, el componente de causa se derivó mediante la evaluación de elementos socioeconómicos representados por rasgos geográficos. Los tres componentes fueron integrados en una regla de decisión y se crearon mapas mensuales que mostraron la localización de las áreas vulnerables a incendios forestales.

scholarly journals New records of the snake Leptophis diplotropis (Günther, 1872) (Squamata: Colubridae) from Hidalgo State, México

Check List ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Berriozabal-Islas ◽  
Aurelio Ramírez-Bautista ◽  
Luis M. Badillo Saldaña ◽  
Raciel Cruz-Elizalde
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
The State ◽  
Range Extension ◽  
Sierra Madre Oriental ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Northern Regions

We report three new records of the snake Leptophis diplotropis from the southeastern and northern regions of Hidalgo State, México. These records represent the first observations of this species in the state of Hidalgo, and represent a range extension of 122.7 km north from the nearest record in Tochimilco, Puebla, México. These new records of L. diplotropis represent the best knowledge of its distribution in the Sierra Madre Oriental.

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