Effects of Glyphosate Application on Physiologically Integrated Clones of the Invasive Plant Carpobrotus edulis

Management of invasive alien species is a high priority for biodiversity conservation. Here, we studied the effects of glyphosate application, at 0.06 g/m2 concentration, on physiologically integrated basal and apical ramets of the invasive clonal plant Carpobrotus edulis. Physiological integration allows the transport of resources and other substances between connected ramets in clonal plants. We found a significant reduction of growth and photochemical efficiency both in basal and apical ramets of C. edulis after glyphosate application. Interestingly, we also observed a significant growth reduction in untreated basal ramets when they remained connected to apical ramets treated with glyphosate. This result was interpreted as a cost for basal ramets due to supporting severely stressed apical ramets. Therefore, local application of glyphosate to apical ramets of C. edulis can negatively affect not only their own growth, but also the growth of their interconnected, untreated basal ramets. Our results suggest that glyphosate effectiveness can be maintained when applied only to one part of the clone so that the amount of herbicide used in eradication programs can be greatly reduced, which can minimize the negative impact of chemical herbicides on ecosystems.

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Development, photosynthetic activity and habitat selection of the clonal plant Fragaria vesca growing in copper-polluted soil

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp06018 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 33 (10) ◽

pp. 961 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Sergio R. Roiloa ◽

Rubén Retuerto

Keyword(s):

Process Integration ◽

Photochemical Efficiency ◽

Copper Toxicity ◽

Feedback Regulation ◽

Clonal Plant ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Physiological Integration ◽

Total Biomass ◽

Heterogeneous Environments ◽

Fragaria Vesca

The ability of clonal systems to spread by ramet production may expose the clone to spatial heterogeneity. This study explored the physiological and morphological responses in the clonal plant Fragaria vesca L. growing in homogeneous (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated) or in heterogeneous environments with patches of contrasting quality (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated). We also investigated the potential of this species to selectively establish ramets within a heterogeneous environment. In heterogeneous environments, plants expanded ramets randomly, but selectively established ramets in the favourable patches. We discuss whether the selective establishment of ramets is a consequence of direct suppression of plant growth due to copper toxicity. The assimilate demand from offspring ramets in unfavourable environments increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of parents by a feedback regulation process. Integration ameliorated the effects of copper on the photochemical efficiency of the offspring ramets. We did not observe integration costs, in terms of total biomass, for parents supporting ramets in Cu-contaminated environments, although we did detect costs in terms of ramet production. Parents with offspring ramets in Cu-contaminated environments produced 25 times more reproductive biomass than parents with offspring ramets in uncontaminated environments. We interpret this as a strategy for escaping from stressful environments. In this study, we extend the concept of physiological integration in clonal plants to include photochemical responses.

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Risk expansion of Cr through amphibious clonal plant from polluted aquatic to terrestrial habitats

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.1515/biol-2018-0051 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 422-430

Author(s):

Liang Xu ◽

Xiao Wu ◽

Dan Xiang

Keyword(s):

Resource Sharing ◽

Water Environment ◽

Clonal Plant ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Plant Litter ◽

Physiological Integration ◽

Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽

Polluted Water ◽

Terrestrial Habitats ◽

Cr Concentration

AbstractResource sharing between the connected ramets of clonal plants through physiological integration can increase the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. However, the role of physiological integration in the translocation of heavy-metal pollutants between different habitats receives little attention, especially in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. An amphibious clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides was used to simulate plant expansion from unpolluted soil to a chromium (Cr)-polluted water environment. Basal older ramets growing in unpolluted soil were connected or disconnected with apical younger ramets of the same fragments in polluted environments at different Cr concentrations. Harvested basal ramets were also used for decomposition tests for the loss of residual mass and release of Cr to soil. With increasing Cr concentration there was reduction in biomass of the apical ramets, especially those separated from the basal parts. Cr was detected in the basal ramets with connection to apical parts. The decomposition of plant litter from the basal ramets connected with polluted apical parts might release retained Cr to unpolluted soil. The amount and chemical forms of Cr in the plant litter changed over time. It is concluded that Cr could be transferred from polluted aquatic to unpolluted terrestrial habitats through amphibious clonal plants.

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Physiological integration can increase competitive ability in clonal plants if competition is patchy

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s00442-020-04823-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Pu Wang ◽

Peter Alpert ◽

Fei-Hai Yu

Keyword(s):

Competitive Ability ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Physiological Integration

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An Experiment In Breeding Cut Roses For The Indonesian Highlands

Zuriat ◽

10.24198/zuriat.v11i2.6676 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

Author(s):

D. P. de Vries ◽

, Darliah ◽

Lidwien A.M. Dubois

Keyword(s):

The Netherlands ◽

Clonal Plant ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Scientific Programme ◽

Plant Research ◽

Selection For ◽

The Rose ◽

Cut Rose ◽

Location Interaction ◽

Selection Of

BIOBREES is a co-operative scientific programme between Indonesia and The Netherlands, of which the rose part aims at breeding cut roses adapted to the tropical highland. Within that scope four direct plant characters of 62 cut rose genotypes in different physiological stages were studied. The genotypes originated from cross-breeding in 1995 and successive selection for cut rose properties in populations at Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands, in 1996. Plant stages stuAn died were (i) superior adult seedlings in Wageningen in 1996, (ii) clones grafted onto Natal Briar both in Wageningen and Cipanas in 1997. Clonal Plant Research International, Wageningen, Plant Research International, Wageningen, clonal plants in Cipanas had significantly shorter shoots, more thorns, smaller flowers and fewer petals than the adult seedlings in Wageningen. Clonal plants in Wageningen, however, had significantly longer shoots; more thorns, and larger flowers with more petals than the seedlings in Wageningen. Despite differences in level of expression, for each character the absence of genotype-location interaction was ascertained. The expression of characters as influenced by light (both quantitative and qualitative), temperature and cultivation is discussed in relation to selection of cut roses in the temperate zone, which are adapted to the tropical highland.

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Populations of Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum (Apiaceae) in Kyiv (Ukraine)

Folia Oecologica ◽

10.2478/foecol-2021-0022 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 48 (2) ◽

pp. 215-228

Author(s):

Lubov Gubar ◽

Serhii Koniakin

Keyword(s):

Plant Communities ◽

Invasive Plant ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Urban Ecosystems ◽

Heracleum Sosnowskyi ◽

Secondary Range ◽

Natural Range ◽

The Difference ◽

Moisture Conditions ◽

Ruderal Plant

Abstract In connection with the increasing negative impact of invasive alien species on biodiversity and the environment in general, their research, as well as throughout the world, is relevant. The distribution of the Heracleum sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum of the secondary range on the example of the Kyiv agglomeration is investigated in the work. In our study we aimed to evaluate the possibility of spontaneous spread of giant hogweeds in the secondary range, adaptation of the species to the new conditions of the environment that favor to control of these species’ expansion and reduce the threat to the urban ecosystems and citizens’ health. We hypothesise that in the secondary range H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum settle sites with relatively high temperature (Tr), lightening (Lc), and soil moisture conditions similar to that in their natural range. 17 populations and four localities (sites) of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum were studied. They were found within forest, meadow, riverine and ruderal plant communities. It is indicated that the advent species fully adapted to the conditions of the environment. The difference by ecological indicators Lc2 and Tm1 is pointed out. According to the results of our research, for the area of Kyiv urban agglomeration the growth of H. sosnowskyi and H. mantegazzianum is indicated in the plants communities of six classes. They spread most in ruderal plant communities of the: Robinietea, Artemisietea, Epilobietea classes. The studied species belong to invasive plant species in Ukraine and are characterized by extremely high effect on the environment and high invasive potential.

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Clonal bamboo production based on in vitro culture

Bioscience Journal ◽

10.14393/bj-v36n4a2020-48169 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Anatálya dos Santos Ribeiro ◽

Alexssandra Jéssica Rondon de Figueiredo ◽

Gabriela Cristina Rech Tormen ◽

André Luís Lopes da Silva ◽

Wellington Ferreira Campos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Activated Carbon ◽

Large Scale ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Clonal Plant ◽

Adventitious Rooting ◽

Clonal Plants ◽

Ex Vitro ◽

Bambusa Vulgaris ◽

In Vitro Establishment

Bamboo species are an alternative for the composition of forest plantations. However, their potential has not been explored due to the hard time in producing large-scale clonal plants. Thus, the aim this work was to evaluate the in vitro establishment, bud multiplication and ex vitro rooting of Bambusa vulgaris. The first experiment tested different systemic and contact fungicide solutions, based on exposure time, during the establishment phase. Established explants were subjected to evaluation of residual fungicide effect on subcultures during the multiplication and elongation phases. The second experiment evaluated the influence of activated carbon on ex vitro survival and on adventitious rooting. Explant immersion in liquid culture medium added with 1.0 mL of fungicide for 120 hours has favored the in vitro establishment and reduced fungal contamination. On the other hand, it favored the shoot emission of shoots per explant during the multiplication phase. Both rooting induction culture medium and mini-incubator system use were effective in enabling adventitious root formation. The presence of activated carbon in the rooting induction culture medium resulted in a higher clonal plant survival rate.

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