scholarly journals Risk expansion of Cr through amphibious clonal plant from polluted aquatic to terrestrial habitats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Liang Xu ◽  
Xiao Wu ◽  
Dan Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Plant Litter ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
Cr Concentration

AbstractResource sharing between the connected ramets of clonal plants through physiological integration can increase the tolerance of plants to environmental stress. However, the role of physiological integration in the translocation of heavy-metal pollutants between different habitats receives little attention, especially in the aquatic-terrestrial ecotones. An amphibious clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides was used to simulate plant expansion from unpolluted soil to a chromium (Cr)-polluted water environment. Basal older ramets growing in unpolluted soil were connected or disconnected with apical younger ramets of the same fragments in polluted environments at different Cr concentrations. Harvested basal ramets were also used for decomposition tests for the loss of residual mass and release of Cr to soil. With increasing Cr concentration there was reduction in biomass of the apical ramets, especially those separated from the basal parts. Cr was detected in the basal ramets with connection to apical parts. The decomposition of plant litter from the basal ramets connected with polluted apical parts might release retained Cr to unpolluted soil. The amount and chemical forms of Cr in the plant litter changed over time. It is concluded that Cr could be transferred from polluted aquatic to unpolluted terrestrial habitats through amphibious clonal plants.

scholarly journals Effects of Glyphosate Application on Physiologically Integrated Clones of the Invasive Plant Carpobrotus edulis

Diversity ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 47
Author(s):  
Sergio R. Roiloa ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Growth Reduction ◽  
Carpobrotus Edulis ◽  
Other Substances

Management of invasive alien species is a high priority for biodiversity conservation. Here, we studied the effects of glyphosate application, at 0.06 g/m2 concentration, on physiologically integrated basal and apical ramets of the invasive clonal plant Carpobrotus edulis. Physiological integration allows the transport of resources and other substances between connected ramets in clonal plants. We found a significant reduction of growth and photochemical efficiency both in basal and apical ramets of C. edulis after glyphosate application. Interestingly, we also observed a significant growth reduction in untreated basal ramets when they remained connected to apical ramets treated with glyphosate. This result was interpreted as a cost for basal ramets due to supporting severely stressed apical ramets. Therefore, local application of glyphosate to apical ramets of C. edulis can negatively affect not only their own growth, but also the growth of their interconnected, untreated basal ramets. Our results suggest that glyphosate effectiveness can be maintained when applied only to one part of the clone so that the amount of herbicide used in eradication programs can be greatly reduced, which can minimize the negative impact of chemical herbicides on ecosystems.

Effects of physiological integration on defense strategies against herbivory by the clonal plant Alternanthera philoxeroides

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 662-672
Author(s):  
Rubén Portela ◽  
Bi-Cheng Dong ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro ◽  
Sergio R Roiloa
Keyword(s):  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Defense Strategies

scholarly journals Physiological Integration Ameliorates Negative Effects of Water Stress in Salt-sensitive ‘C198’ Common Bermudagrass

2015 ◽  
Vol 140 (3) ◽  
pp. 288-294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erick Amombo ◽  
Longxing Hu ◽  
Jibiao Fan ◽  
Zhengrong Hu ◽  
Jinmin Fu
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Cynodon Dactylon ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Peg 6000 ◽  
Common Bermudagrass

Clonal plants can consist of connected individual ramets that enhance resource sharing through physiological integration. This integration enables the whole clone to tolerate environmental stresses. The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of physical ramet connections on the integration of antioxidant enzymes in clonal common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon) growing under heterogeneously distributed water; i.e., nonuniform distribution of water due to 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000) treatment on some ramets and not others. The bottom, middle, upper and three fragments of clonal common bermudagrass were subjected to 20% PEG 6000 with water potential of −1.8 MPa to induce heterogeneous and homogeneous drought stress. The control was not treated with 20% PEG 6000. Within the heterogeneous treatment, water stressed clonal fragments generally had higher leaf and root antioxidant enzyme activities with respect to superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase (except for root peroxidase). There was no difference in antioxidant enzyme activity within the connected clonal ramets for homogeneous treatment; i.e., three connected ramets treated with 20% PEG 6000. Osmotically stressed clonal fragments under heterogeneous environments had a lower level of malonaldehyde (MDA) compared with those in homogeneous regimes. The antioxidant enzyme integration was affected by directionality and water availability contrast. This was indicated by significant decline in MDA levels within the heterogeneous treatments as compared with homogeneous treatment, which suggested reduced lipid peroxidation. These results suggested that ramet connections facilitate integration of antioxidant enzymes within clonal plants growing in heterogeneously available water. Enzymes were integrated from clonal fragments growing in water sufficient environment to those in water stressed regimes. This enhanced reactive oxygen species scavenging capacity of the entire clone hence improved drought tolerance.

Trans-generational effects in the clonal invader Alternanthera philoxeroides

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 122-129
Author(s):  
Rubén Portela ◽  
Bi-Cheng Dong ◽  
Fei-Hai Yu ◽  
Rodolfo Barreiro ◽  
Sergio R Roiloa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Soil Nutrient ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Common Garden ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Alternanthera Philoxeroides ◽  
Native Range ◽  
Plant Invaders ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Plastic Responses

Abstract Aims Recent studies have revealed heritable phenotypic plasticity through vegetative generations. In this sense, changes in gene regulation induced by the environment, such as DNA methylation (i.e. epigenetic changes), can result in reversible plastic responses being transferred to the offspring generations. This trans-generational plasticity is expected to be especially relevant in clonal plants, since reduction of sexual reproduction can decrease the potential for adaptation through genetic variation. Many of the most aggressive plant invaders are clonal, and clonality has been suggested as key to explain plant invasiveness. Here we aim to determine whether trans-generational effects occur in the clonal invader Alternanthera philoxeroides, and whether such effects differ between populations from native and non-native ranges. Methods In a common garden experiment, parent plants of A. philoxeroides from populations collected in Brazil (native range) and Iberian Peninsula (non-native range) were grown in high and low soil nutrient conditions, and offspring plants were transplanted to control conditions with high nutrients. To test the potential role of DNA methylation on trans-generational plasticity, half of the parent plants were treated with the demethylating agent, 5-azacytidine. Important Findings Trans-generational effects were observed both in populations from the native and the non-native ranges. Interestingly, trans-generational effects occurred on growth variables (number of ramets, stem mass, root mass and total mass) in the population from the native range, but on biomass partitioning in the population from the non-native range. Trans-generational effects of the population from the native range may be explained by a ‘silver-spoon’ effect, whereas those of the population from the non-native range could be explained by epigenetic transmission due to DNA methylation. Our study highlights the importance of trans-generational effects on the growth of a clonal plant, which could help to understand the mechanisms underlying expansion success of many clonal plants.

Development, photosynthetic activity and habitat selection of the clonal plant Fragaria vesca growing in copper-polluted soil

2006 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio R. Roiloa ◽  
Rubén Retuerto
Keyword(s):  
Process Integration ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Copper Toxicity ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Physiological Integration ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Heterogeneous Environments ◽  
Fragaria Vesca

The ability of clonal systems to spread by ramet production may expose the clone to spatial heterogeneity. This study explored the physiological and morphological responses in the clonal plant Fragaria vesca L. growing in homogeneous (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated) or in heterogeneous environments with patches of contrasting quality (Cu-contaminated or uncontaminated). We also investigated the potential of this species to selectively establish ramets within a heterogeneous environment. In heterogeneous environments, plants expanded ramets randomly, but selectively established ramets in the favourable patches. We discuss whether the selective establishment of ramets is a consequence of direct suppression of plant growth due to copper toxicity. The assimilate demand from offspring ramets in unfavourable environments increased the chlorophyll content and photosynthetic efficiency of parents by a feedback regulation process. Integration ameliorated the effects of copper on the photochemical efficiency of the offspring ramets. We did not observe integration costs, in terms of total biomass, for parents supporting ramets in Cu-contaminated environments, although we did detect costs in terms of ramet production. Parents with offspring ramets in Cu-contaminated environments produced 25 times more reproductive biomass than parents with offspring ramets in uncontaminated environments. We interpret this as a strategy for escaping from stressful environments. In this study, we extend the concept of physiological integration in clonal plants to include photochemical responses.

scholarly journals Kinetics and isotherm modeling of Pb(II) and Cd(II) sequestration from polluted water onto tropical ultisol obtained from Enugu Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa C. Umeh ◽  
John K. Nduka ◽  
Kovo G. Akpomie
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ions ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Standard Technique ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Batch Adsorption ◽  
Lead And Cadmium ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

AbstractDeterioration in soil–water environment severely contributed by heavy metal bioavailability and mobility on soil surface and sub-surface due to irrational increase in wastewater discharge and agrochemical activities. Therefore, the feasibility of adsorption characteristics of the soil is paramount in curbing the problem of micropollutant contamination in the farming vicinity. Soil from a farming site in a populated area in Enugu, Nigeria was collected and tested to measure the lead and cadmium contents using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS). The adsorption potency of the ultisol soil was estimated for identifiable physicochemical properties by standard technique. The mean activity concentration of Pb2+ and Cd2+ was 15.68 mg/kg and 3.01 mg/kg. The pH, temperature, metal concentration and contact time adsorptive effect on the Pb2+ and Cd2+ uptake was evaluated by batch adsorption technique. The Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin models were fitted into equilibrium adsorption data and the calculated results depict a better and satisfactory correlation for Langmuir with higher linear regression coefficients (Pb2+, 0.935 and Cd2+, 0.971). On the basis of sorption capacity mechanism of the soil, pseudo-second-order model best described the kinetics of both metal ions retention process. The results of the present study indicated that the soil being a low cost-effective adsorbent can be utilized to minimize the environmental risk impact of these metal ions.

Study on Water Quality Improvement of Streams in Baoan District, Shenzhen City, China

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 1902-1905
Author(s):  
Hua Li You
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Water Discharge ◽  
Water Environment ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Polluted Water ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Shenzhen City

Water is the basis of natural resources and strategic economic resources.Deteriorated water environment of streams in Shenzhen city could have a great impact on ecological safety, people's health,and economic development.Based on the data of field observation and Remote sensing (RS) image,integrated analysis of the water degradation causes,and the changes of biochemical oxygen demand in five days(BOD5）concentration by mathematical model were carried out,which is on basis of percentage of waste water disposal,fresh water transformation,and harbor excavation, respectively.The results show that degradation causes of water quality were resulted from waste water discharge, harbor construction,and ecological environment damage, which could lead to slowly water exchange. Accordingly,the pollution can be easily to store in the bay,which result in water quality changes.The most important improved countermeasure is the control of waste water, which could be had a great effectiveness to decrease pollution.In addition, fresh water must be supplied after polluted water was cut off,which can be better improvement for water quality.This would be extreme improvement for hydrological dynamics due to 15m harbor excavation,which can significantly reduce BOD5 concentration.The innovation points of this paper is to mathematical model,which is based on the basis of qualitative analysis.

scholarly journals An Experiment In Breeding Cut Roses For The Indonesian Highlands

Zuriat ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. de Vries ◽  
, Darliah ◽  
Lidwien A.M. Dubois
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Clonal Plant ◽  
Clonal Plants ◽  
Scientific Programme ◽  
Plant Research ◽  
Selection For ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Cut Rose ◽  
Location Interaction ◽  
Selection Of

BIOBREES is a co-operative scientific programme between Indonesia and The Netherlands, of which the rose part aims at breeding cut roses adapted to the tropical highland. Within that scope four direct plant characters of 62 cut rose genotypes in different physiological stages were studied. The genotypes originated from cross-breeding in 1995 and successive selection for cut rose properties in populations at Plant Research International, Wageningen, The Netherlands, in 1996. Plant stages stuAn died were (i) superior adult seedlings in Wageningen in 1996, (ii) clones grafted onto Natal Briar both in Wageningen and Cipanas in 1997. Clonal Plant Research International, Wageningen, Plant Research International, Wageningen, clonal plants in Cipanas had significantly shorter shoots, more thorns, smaller flowers and fewer petals than the adult seedlings in Wageningen. Clonal plants in Wageningen, however, had significantly longer shoots; more thorns, and larger flowers with more petals than the seedlings in Wageningen. Despite differences in level of expression, for each character the absence of genotype-location interaction was ascertained. The expression of characters as influenced by light (both quantitative and qualitative), temperature and cultivation is discussed in relation to selection of cut roses in the temperate zone, which are adapted to the tropical highland.

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