Characterization of Small Dosimeters Used for Measurement of Eye Lens Dose for Medical Staff during Fluoroscopic Examination

This study aimed to evaluate the property of small dosimeters used for measuring eye lens doses for medical staff during fluoroscopic examination. Dose linearity, energy dependence, and directional dependence of scattered X-rays were evaluated for small radiophotoluminescence glass dosimeters (RPLDs), those with a tin filter (Sn-RPLDs), and small optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters (OSLDs). These dosimeters were pasted on radioprotective glasses, and accumulated air kerma was obtained after irradiating the X-rays to a patient phantom. Strong correlations existed between fluoroscopic time and accumulated air kerma in all types of dosimeters. The energy dependence of Sn-RPLD and OSLD was smaller than that of RPLD. The relative dose value of the OSLD gradually decreased as the angle of the OSLD against the scattered X-rays was larger or lower than the right angle in the horizontal direction. The ranges of relative dose values of RPLD and Sn-RPLD were larger than that of OSLD in the vertical direction. The OSLDs showed lower doses than the RPLDs and Sn-RPLDs, especially on the right side of the radioprotective glasses. These results showed that RPLDs, Sn-RPLDs, and OSLDs had different dosimeter properties, and influence measured eye lens doses for the physician, especially on the opposite side of the patient.

Download Full-text

MINIMIZING THE EXPOSURE TO THE EYE LENS OF RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGISTS ASSISTING PATIENTS DURING CHEST X RAYS: A PHANTOM STUDY

Radiation Protection Dosimetry ◽

10.1093/rpd/ncab019 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 193 (1) ◽

pp. 43-54

Author(s):

Yasuda Mitsuyoshi ◽

Funada Tomoya ◽

Sato Hisaya ◽

Kato Kyoichi

Keyword(s):

Radiation Protection ◽

Phantom Study ◽

International Commission ◽

Eye Lens ◽

Radiological Protection ◽

X Rays ◽

Radiologic Technologists ◽

Maximum Reduction ◽

The Right

Abstract As chest x rays involve risks of patients falling, radiologic technologists (technologists) commonly assist patients, and as the assistance takes place near the patients, the eye lenses of the technologists are exposed to radiation. The recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection suggest that the risk of developing cataracts due to lens exposure is high, and this makes it necessary to reduce and minimize the exposure. The present study investigated the positions of technologists assisting patients that will minimize exposure of the eye lens to radiation. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the exposure by assisting from the following positions: 50% at the sides rather than diagonally behind, 10% at the right side of the patient rather than the left and 40% at 250 mm away from the patient. The maximum reduction with radiation protection glasses was 54% with 0.07 mmPb and 72% with 0.88 mmPb.

Download Full-text

Eye lens radiation exposure in paediatric interventional treatment of retinoblastoma

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-019-56623-4 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A. Obesso ◽

L. Alejo ◽

C. Huerga ◽

F. Sánchez-Muñoz ◽

E. Corredoira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eye Lens ◽

Interventional Treatment ◽

Radiation Toxicity ◽

Air Kerma ◽

Eye Lens Dose ◽

Dose Management ◽

Area Product ◽

The Right ◽

The Relationship ◽

Entrance Surface Air Kerma

AbstractRetinoblastoma represents 3% of cancers in children under fifteen years of age. The standard paediatric treatment for saving the affected eye is supraselective intra-arterial chemotherapy performed in interventional rooms. In order to address the radiation toxicity due to the angiography, the aim of this study was to determine the typical dose value corresponding to the procedure, estimate the paediatric patients’ eye lens dose and study the relationship between dose indicators and dose to the lens. An automatic dose management software was installed in two interventional rooms to obtain the distribution of the dose indicators kerma-area product and reference-point air kerma, getting a typical value 16 Gy·cm2 and 130 mGy, respectively (n = 35). The eye lens dose estimates were obtained with photoluminescent dosimeters placed on the patient’s eyelids. In the left eye, the entrance surface air kerma was 44.23 ± 2.66 mGy, and 12.72 ± 0.89 mGy in the right eye (n = 10). There was a positive correlation between dose to the lens per procedure and dose indicators, with R2 > 0.65 for both eyes. Based on this information, the threshold for the onset of radiation-induce cataracts (500 mGy) will be exceeded if the treatment is performed for more than 8 sessions.

Download Full-text

National primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2019

Izmeritel`naya Tekhnika ◽

10.32446/0368-1025it.2020-8-8-12 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 8-12

Author(s):

Alexandr V. Oborin ◽

Anna Y. Villevalde ◽

Sergey G. Trofimchuk

Keyword(s):

Gamma Radiation ◽

Energy Flux ◽

Primary Standard ◽

Average Energy ◽

Ion Pair ◽

X Rays ◽

Exposure Rate ◽

Ionization Chambers ◽

Air Kerma ◽

Air Kerma Rate

The results of development of the national primary standard of air kerma, air kerma rate, exposure, exposure rate and energy flux for X-rays and gamma radiation GET 8-2011 in 2019 are presented according to the recommendations of the ICRU Report No. 90 “Key Data for Ionizing-Radiation Dosimetry: Measurement Standards and Applications”. The following changes are made to the equations for the units determination with the standard: in the field of X-rays, new correction coefficients of the free-air ionization chambers are introduced and the relative standard uncertainty of the average energy to create an ion pair in air is changed; in the field of gamma radiation, the product of the average energy to create an ion pair in air and the electron stopping-power graphite to air ratio for the cavity ionization chambers is changed. More accurate values of the units reproduced by GET 8-2019 are obtained and new metrological characteristics of the standard are stated.

Download Full-text

Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K2 of the air-kerma standards of the LNE–LNHB, France and the BIPM in low-energy x-rays

Metrologia ◽

10.1088/0026-1394/48/1a/06013 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 48 (1A) ◽

pp. 06013-06013 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D T Burns ◽

P Roger ◽

M Denozière ◽

E Leroy

Keyword(s):

Low Energy ◽

X Rays ◽

Key Comparison ◽

Air Kerma

Download Full-text

Energy dependence measurement of small-type optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter by means of characteristic X-rays induced with general diagnostic X-ray equipment

Radiological Physics and Technology ◽

10.1007/s12194-015-0339-9 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 99-108 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Kazuki Takegami ◽

Hiroaki Hayashi ◽

Hiroki Okino ◽

Natsumi Kimoto ◽

Itsumi Maehata ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Energy Dependence ◽

Optically Stimulated Luminescence ◽

X Rays ◽

X Ray ◽

Osl Dosimeter

Download Full-text

Key comparison BIPM.RI(I)-K3 of the air-kerma standards of the GUM, Poland, and the BIPM in medium-energy x-rays

Metrologia ◽

10.1088/0026-1394/58/1a/06016 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 58 (1A) ◽

pp. 06016

Author(s):

D T Burns ◽

C Kessler ◽

Ł Michalik

Keyword(s):

X Rays ◽

Medium Energy ◽

Key Comparison ◽

Air Kerma

Download Full-text

CHARACTERISTICS OF SOFT TISSUE MASS IN THE HAND BY ULTRASONOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION

Journal of Musculoskeletal Research ◽

10.1142/s0218957705001448 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 09 (01) ◽

pp. 45-51

Author(s):

Alexander Blankstein ◽

Aharon Chechick ◽

Abraham Adunski ◽

Uri Givon ◽

Yigal Mirovski ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soft Tissue ◽

Soft Tissue Mass ◽

Wrist Joint ◽

Imaging Modality ◽

Routine Practice ◽

X Rays ◽

Diagnostic Challenge ◽

Tissue Mass ◽

Soft Tissue Masses ◽

The Right

Soft tissue masses are amongst the commonest complaints encountered in orthopedic practice. Of these, masses found in the hand and the wrist are presented at higher frequency. They are often painful and may cause limitation of movement. This work describes the prevalence and the nature of soft tissue masses in the hand and wrist encountered in routine practice. This work was performed to assess the characteristics of soft tissue mass in the hand and the effectiveness of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of soft tissue masses and their differentiation from other lesions in the hand and wrist. Orthopedic surgical conditions that involve soft tissue in the hand and wrist may remain a diagnostic challenge when clinical diagnosis is uncertain and standard X-rays are non-diagnostic. High resolution ultrasound is widely available, non-invasive, without damage of radiation, imaging modality that can help the diagnosis. We reviewed retrospectively 25 patients with soft tissue masses. We compared the ultrasound findings with the histological findings in seven operated patients. A substantial majority of these lesions occurred in the right hand: 79% of the lesions were in the dorsal aspect of the hand, of which 37% were distal to the wrist joint, among them 42% at wrist either radial or ulnar; and 21% of the lesions were found in the volar aspect, among them 17% at wrist aspect, either radial or ulnar side. No predisposing factors could be found. The findings of this study reaffirm the utility of ultrasonography as primary diagnostic tool in routine orthopedic practice.

Download Full-text

A Novel Technique to Assess Rotational Deformities in Lower Extremities

10.21203/rs.3.rs-115250/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Peyman Bakhshayesh ◽

Ugwunna Ihediwa ◽

Sukha Sandher ◽

Alexandros Vris ◽

Nima Heidari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Moving Objects ◽

Sagittal Plane ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Contralateral Side ◽

Ct Images ◽

New Technique ◽

X Rays ◽

Digital Technique ◽

The Right ◽

Im Nailing

Abstract Introduction: Rotational deformities following IM nailing of tibia has a reported incidence of as high as 20%. Common techniques to measure deformities following IM nailing of tibia are either based on clinical assessment, plain X-rays or CT-scan comparing the treated leg with the uninjured contralateral side. All these techniques are based on examiners manual calculation inherently subject to bias. Following our previous rigorous motion analysis and symmetry studies on hemi pelvises, femurs and orthopaedic implants, we aimed to introduce a novel fully digital technique to measure rotational deformities in the lower legs.Material and Methods: Following formal institutional approval from the Imperial College, CT images of 10 pairs of human lower legs were retrieved. Images were anonymized and uploaded to a research server. Three dimensional CT images of the lower legs were bilaterally reconstructed. The mirrored images of the left side were merged with the right side proximally as stationary and distally as moving objects. Discrepancies in translation and rotation were automatically calculated.Results: Our study population had a mean age of 54 ± 20 years. There were six males and four females. We observed a greater variation in translation (mm) of Centre of Mass (COM) in sagittal plane (CI: -2.959--.292) which was also presented as rotational difference alongside the antero-posterior direction or Y axis (CI: .370-1.035). In other word the right lower legs in our study were more likely to be in varus compared to the left side. However, there were no statistically significant differences in coronal or axial planes.Conclusion: Using our proposed fully digital technique we found that lower legs of the human adults were symmetrical in axial and coronal plane. We found sagittal plane differences which need further addressing in future using bigger sample size. Our novel recommended technique is fully digital and commercially available. This new technique can be useful in clinical practice addressing rotational deformities following orthopaedic surgical intervention. This new technique can substitute the previously introduced techniques.

Download Full-text