scholarly journals Feature Extraction of Ship-Radiated Noise Based on Enhanced Variational Mode Decomposition, Normalized Correlation Coefficient and Permutation Entropy

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongri Xie ◽  
Hamada Esmaiel ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Jie Qi ◽  
Zeyad A. H. Qasem
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Variational Mode Decomposition ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Mode Decomposition

Due to the complexity and variability of underwater acoustic channels, ship-radiated noise (SRN) detected using the passive sonar is prone to be distorted. The entropy-based feature extraction method can improve this situation, to some extent. However, it is impractical to directly extract the entropy feature for the detected SRN signals. In addition, the existing conventional methods have a lack of suitable de-noising processing under the presence of marine environmental noise. To this end, this paper proposes a novel feature extraction method based on enhanced variational mode decomposition (EVMD), normalized correlation coefficient (norCC), permutation entropy (PE), and the particle swarm optimization-based support vector machine (PSO-SVM). Firstly, EVMD is utilized to obtain a group of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from the SRN signals. The noise-dominant IMFs are then eliminated by a de-noising processing prior to PE calculation. Next, the correlation coefficient between each signal-dominant IMF and the raw signal and PE of each signal-dominant IMF are calculated, respectively. After this, the norCC is used to weigh the corresponding PE and the sum of these weighted PE is considered as the final feature parameter. Finally, the feature vectors are fed into the PSO-SVM multi-class classifier to classify the SRN samples. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition rate of the proposed methodology is up to 100%, which is much higher than the currently existing methods. Hence, the method proposed in this paper is more suitable for the feature extraction of SRN signals.

scholarly journals Optimized Variational Mode Decomposition and Permutation Entropy with Their Application in Feature Extraction of Ship-Radiated Noise

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 503
Author(s):  
Dongri Xie ◽  
Shaohua Hong ◽  
Chaojun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Variational Mode Decomposition ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Marine Animals ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Mode Decomposition

The complex and changeable marine environment surrounded by a variety of noise, including sounds of marine animals, industrial noise, traffic noise and the noise formed by molecular movement, not only interferes with the normal life of residents near the port, but also exerts a significant influence on feature extraction of ship-radiated noise (S-RN). In this paper, a novel feature extraction technique for S-RN signals based on optimized variational mode decomposition (OVMD), permutation entropy (PE), and normalized Spearman correlation coefficient (NSCC) is proposed. Firstly, with the mode number determined by reverse weighted permutation entropy (RWPE), OVMD decomposes the target signal into a set of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The PE of all the IMFs and SCC between each IMF with the raw signal are then calculated, respectively. Subsequently, feature parameters are extracted through the sum of PE weighted by NSCC for the IMFs. Lastly, the obtained feature vectors are input into the support vector machine multi-class classifier (SVM) to discriminate various types of ships. Experimental results indicate that five kinds of S-RN samples can be accurately identified with a recognition rate of 94% by the proposed scheme, which is higher than other previously published methods. Hence, the proposed method is more advantageous in practical applications.

scholarly journals Multi-Stage Feature Extraction and Classification for Ship-Radiated Noise

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Hamada Esmaiel ◽  
Dongri Xie ◽  
Zeyad A. H. Qasem ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Jie Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Passive Sonar ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Mode Decomposition

Due to the complexity and unique features of the hydroacoustic channel, ship-radiated noise (SRN) detected using a passive sonar tends mostly to distort. SRN feature extraction has been proposed to improve the detected passive sonar signal. Unfortunately, the current methods used in SRN feature extraction have many shortcomings. Considering this, in this paper we propose a new multi-stage feature extraction approach to enhance the current SRN feature extractions based on enhanced variational mode decomposition (EVMD), weighted permutation entropy (WPE), local tangent space alignment (LTSA), and particle swarm optimization-based support vector machine (PSO-SVM). In the proposed method, first, we enhance the decomposition operation of the conventional VMD by decomposing the SRN signal into a finite group of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and then calculate the WPE of each IMF. Then, the high-dimensional features obtained are reduced to two-dimensional ones by using the LTSA method. Finally, the feature vectors are fed into the PSO-SVM multi-class classifier to realize the classification of different types of SRN sample. The simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the recognition rate of the proposed method overcomes the conventional SRN feature extraction methods, and it has a recognition rate of up to 96.6667%.

scholarly journals A New Feature Extraction Method for Ship-Radiated Noise Based on Improved CEEMDAN, Normalized Mutual Information and Multiscale Improved Permutation Entropy

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 624 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhe Chen ◽  
Yaan Li ◽  
Renjie Cao ◽  
Wasiq Ali ◽  
Jing Yu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Mutual Information ◽  
Noise Reduction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Normalized Mutual Information ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
New Feature

Extracting useful features from ship-radiated noise can improve the performance of passive sonar. The entropy feature is an important supplement to existing technologies for ship classification. However, the existing entropy feature extraction methods for ship-radiated noise are less reliable under noisy conditions because they lack noise reduction procedures or are single-scale based. In order to simultaneously solve these problems, a new feature extraction method is proposed based on improved complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN), normalized mutual information (norMI), and multiscale improved permutation entropy (MIPE). Firstly, the ICEEMDAN is utilized to obtain a group of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) from ship-radiated noise. The noise reduction process is then conducted by identifying and eliminating the noise IMFs. Next, the norMI and MIPE of the signal-dominant IMFs are calculated, respectively; and the norMI is used to weigh the corresponding MIPE result. The multi-scale entropy feature is finally defined as the sum of the weighted MIPE results. Experimental results show that the recognition rate of the proposed method achieves 90.67% and 83%, respectively, under noise free and 5 dB conditions, which is much higher than existing entropy feature extraction algorithms. Hence, the proposed method is more reliable and suitable for feature extraction of ship-radiated noise in practice.

scholarly journals A New Feature Extraction Method Based on Improved Variational Mode Decomposition, Normalized Maximal Information Coefficient and Permutation Entropy for Ship-Radiated Noise

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 620
Author(s):  
Dongri Xie ◽  
Haixin Sun ◽  
Jie Qi
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Variational Mode Decomposition ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Underwater Acoustic ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Information Coefficient ◽  
Maximal Information Coefficient

Due to the existence of marine environmental noise, coupled with the instability of underwater acoustic channel, ship-radiated noise (SRN) signals detected by sensors tend to suffer noise pollution as well as distortion caused by the transmission medium, making the denoising of the raw detected signals the new focus in the field of underwater acoustic target recognition. In view of this, this paper presents a novel hybrid feature extraction scheme integrating improved variational mode decomposition (IVMD), normalized maximal information coefficient (norMIC) and permutation entropy (PE) for SRN signals. Firstly, the IVMD method is employed to decompose the SRN signals into a number of finite intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The noise IMFs are then filtered out by a denoising method before PE extraction. Next, the MIC between each retained IMF and the raw SRN signal and PE of retained IMFs are calculated, respectively. After this, the norMICs are used to weigh the PE values of the retained IMFs and the sum of the weighted PE results is regarded as the classification parameter. Finally, the feature vectors are fed into the particle swarm optimization-based support vector machine multi-class classifier (PSO-SVM) to identify different types of SRN samples. The experimental results have indicated that the classification accuracy of the proposed method is as high as 99.1667%, which is much higher than that of other currently existing methods. Hence, the method proposed in this paper is more suitable for feature extraction of SRN signals in practical application.

scholarly journals Double Feature Extraction Method of Ship-Radiated Noise Signal Based on Slope Entropy and Permutation Entropy

Entropy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Yuxing Li ◽  
Peiyuan Gao ◽  
Bingzhao Tang ◽  
Yingmin Yi ◽  
Jianjun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Noise Signal ◽  
Permutation Entropy ◽  
K Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Single Feature

In order to accurately identify various types of ships and develop coastal defenses, a single feature extraction method based on slope entropy (SlEn) and a double feature extraction method based on SlEn combined with permutation entropy (SlEn&PE) are proposed. Firstly, SlEn is used for the feature extraction of ship-radiated noise signal (SNS) compared with permutation entropy (PE), dispersion entropy (DE), fluctuation dispersion entropy (FDE), and reverse dispersion entropy (RDE), so that the effectiveness of SlEn is verified, and SlEn has the highest recognition rate calculated by the k-Nearest Neighbor (KNN) algorithm. Secondly, SlEn is combined with PE, DE, FDE, and RDE, respectively, to extract the feature of SNS for a higher recognition rate, and SlEn&PE has the highest recognition rate after the calculation of the KNN algorithm. Lastly, the recognition rates of SlEn and SlEn&PE are compared, and the recognition rates of SlEn&PE are higher than SlEn by 4.22%. Therefore, the double feature extraction method proposed in this paper is more effective in the application of ship type recognition.

scholarly journals A Feature Extraction Method of Ship-Radiated Noise Based on Fluctuation-Based Dispersion Entropy and Intrinsic Time-Scale Decomposition

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoxi Li ◽  
Yaan Li ◽  
Kai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Recognition Rate ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Svm Classifier ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Intrinsic Time ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Time Scale Decomposition

To improve the feature extraction of ship-radiated noise in a complex ocean environment, fluctuation-based dispersion entropy is used to extract the features of ten types of ship-radiated noise. Since fluctuation-based dispersion entropy only analyzes the ship-radiated noise signal in single scale and it cannot distinguish different types of ship-radiated noise effectively, a new method of ship-radiated noise feature extraction is proposed based on fluctuation-based dispersion entropy (FDispEn) and intrinsic time-scale decomposition (ITD). Firstly, ten types of ship-radiated noise signals are decomposed into a series of proper rotation components (PRCs) by ITD, and the FDispEn of each PRC is calculated. Then, the correlation between each PRC and the original signal are calculated, and the FDispEn of each PRC is analyzed to select the Max-relative PRC fluctuation-based dispersion entropy as the feature parameter. Finally, by comparing the Max-relative PRC fluctuation-based dispersion entropy of a certain number of the above ten types of ship-radiated noise signals with FDispEn, it is discovered that the Max-relative PRC fluctuation-based dispersion entropy is at the same level for similar ship-radiated noise, but is distinct for different types of ship-radiated noise. The Max-relative PRC fluctuation-based dispersion entropy as the feature vector is sent into the support vector machine (SVM) classifier to classify and recognize ten types of ship-radiated noise. The experimental results demonstrate that the recognition rate of the proposed method reaches 95.8763%. Consequently, the proposed method can effectively achieve the classification of ship-radiated noise.

Research on Fault Diagnosis of Drive Train in Wind Turbine Based on EMD and LSSVM

2012 ◽  
Vol 512-515 ◽  
pp. 763-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Liu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Wen Jun Yan
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Extraction Method ◽  
Drive Train ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Diagnosis Accuracy ◽  
Diagnosis Model

Fault feature extraction method based on Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) and fault diagnosis model based on Least Squares Support Vector Machines (LSSVM) were proposed after typical faults in drive train for wind turbines being analyzed. An experiment was designed to verify the validity of feature extraction method and the intelligent diagnosis model. The results showed that EMD can effectively extract fault characteristics of the drive train in wind turbines, the classification speed and diagnosis accuracy of LSSVM classifier based on radial basis function are better than the SVM, BPNN and other classifiers which are commonly used in practice.

scholarly journals A New Ship-Radiated Noise Feature Extraction Technique Based on Variational Mode Decomposition and Fluctuation-Based Dispersion Entropy

Entropy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Yang ◽  
Ke Zhao ◽  
Guohui Li
Keyword(s):  
Feature Extraction ◽  
Feature Vector ◽  
Original Signal ◽  
Variational Mode Decomposition ◽  
Intrinsic Mode Functions ◽  
Feature Extraction Method ◽  
Radiated Noise ◽  
Mode Decomposition ◽  
Underwater Acoustic Channels ◽  
The Difference

Sea environment complexity and underwater acoustic channels make it hard to extract features of ship-radiated noise signals. This paper presents a novel feature extraction method using the advantages of variational mode decomposition (VMD), fluctuation-based dispersion entropy (FDE) and self-organizing feature map (SOM). Firstly, VMD decomposition of the original signal is used to get a group of bandwidth-limited intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). Then, the difference between the FDE of each IMF and the original signal is calculated, respectively; the IMF with the smallest difference (SIMF) is selected to calculate the FDE as the feature vector. Finally, the characteristic vectors are sent to the SOM classifier to categorize the original signal. The proposed method is applied to feature extraction of real ship-radiated noise signals. The results show that this method is more precise for ship-radiated noise signals feature extraction.

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