scholarly journals The Mechanism of Orientation Detection Based on Artificial Visual System

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Xiliang Zhang ◽  
Tang Zheng ◽  
Yuki Todo
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Local Orientation ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Biological Vision ◽  
Global Orientation ◽  
Orientation Information ◽  
Orientation Detection ◽  
Visual Cortex Neurons

As an important part of the nervous system, the human visual system can provide visual perception for humans. The research on it is of great significance to improve our understanding of biological vision and the human brain. Orientation detection, in which visual cortex neurons respond only to linear stimuli in specific orientations, is an important driving force in computer vision and biological vision. However, the principle of orientation detection is still unknown. This paper proposes an orientation detection mechanism based on dendrite calculation of local orientation detection neurons. We hypothesized the existence of orientation detection neurons that only respond to specific orientations and designed eight neurons that can detect local orientation information. These neurons interact with each other based on the nonlinearity of dendrite generation. Then, local orientation detection neurons are used to extract local orientation information, and global orientation information is deduced from local orientation information. The effectiveness of the mechanism is verified by computer simulation, which shows that the machine can perform orientation detection well in all experiments, regardless of the size, shape, and position of objects. This is consistent with most known physiological experiments.

A Model of Shape Recognition and Categorisation

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 132-132
Author(s):  
S Edelman ◽  
S Duvdevani-Bar
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Visual Perception ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Shape Recognition ◽  
Target Object ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Biological Vision ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Brain Sciences ◽  
Visual Tasks

To recognise a previously seen object, the visual system must overcome the variability in the object's appearance caused by factors such as illumination and pose. It is possible to counter the influence of these factors, by learning to interpolate between stored views of the target object, taken under representative combinations of viewing conditions. Routine visual tasks, however, typically require not so much recognition as categorisation, that is making sense of objects not seen before. Despite persistent practical difficulties, theorists in computer vision and visual perception traditionally favour the structural route to categorisation, according to which forming a description of a novel shape in terms of its parts and their spatial relationships is a prerequisite to the ability to categorise it. In comparison, we demonstrate that knowledge of instances of each of several representative categories can provide the necessary computational substrate for the categorisation of their new instances, as well as for representation and processing of radically novel shapes, not belonging to any of the familiar categories. The representational scheme underlying this approach, according to which objects are encoded by their similarities to entire reference shapes (S Edelman, 1997 Behavioral and Brain Sciences in press), is computationally viable, and is readily mapped onto the mechanisms of biological vision revealed by recent psychophysical and physiological studies.

Global Orientation Disrupts the Detection of a Similar Local Orientation

Perception ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1259-1270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Lauwereyns ◽  
Géry d'Ydewalle
Keyword(s):  
Visual Search ◽  
Target Letter ◽  
Target Line ◽  
Local Processing ◽  
Local Orientation ◽  
Critical Feature ◽  
Line Segments ◽  
Global Orientation ◽  
Global And Local

Two experiments were carried out with organised displays in order to examine the role of similarity between global and local orientation in visual search. In both experiments, distractors were organised to form a diagonal line of plus or minus 45°. In experiment 1, target displays were presented tachistoscopically. Participants searched for a target letter ‘Q’ among distractor letters ‘O’. In experiment 2, participants performed a heterogeneity task with target line segments that could have an orientation of either plus or minus 45°. The target appeared partly or completely inside a distractor circle. In both experiments, the target was more difficult to detect when the critical feature aligned with the slope of the global diagonal than when the feature did not align. Taken together, the two experiments suggested a sequential global-to-local processing in which the orientation of the global figure disrupts the detection of a similar local orientation.

The arrow model: retinotectal specificity and map formation in the goldfish visual system

1976 ◽  
Vol 194 (1117) ◽  
pp. 447-466 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Visual System ◽  
Retinal Ganglion Cells ◽  
Reciprocal Translocation ◽  
Ganglion Cells ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Retinal Ganglion ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Vertebrate Eye

Retinal ganglion cells in the vertebrate eye connect with tectal cells in a continuously ordered fashion. Experiments performed on goldfish and amphibians, in particular experiments involving the rotation of tectal grafts, have been interpreted by some authors as indicating that the tectum is ‘specified’. We present in this paper the computer simulation of a model – the simple-arrow model – which does not require the tectum to be specified but does account for most of the previously published data. We also present preliminary results of an experiment performed on adult goldfish, involving the reciprocal translocation of two tectal grafts, which indicate that the simple-arrow model is unable to account for regeneration of retinotectal connections in this animal.

Does Local or Global Orientation Determine the McCollough Effect?

1997 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 723-727
Author(s):  
Tooru Yoshioka ◽  
Shigeru Ichihara
Keyword(s):  
Perceptual Organization ◽  
Test Pattern ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Mccollough Effect ◽  
Local Orientation ◽  
Global Features ◽  
Global Orientation

In this research, the McCollough effect was observed by using an ambiguous test pattern of coarse gratings made out of fine gratings. Coarse gratings meet at right angles to fine gratings. The global features (coarse gratings) in the test pattern became more salient if the test pattern was blurred, and the frequency of the McCollough effect, corresponding to the global orientation of the test pattern, increased with the increase of the extent of blur. The McCollough effects corresponding to the local orientation of the test pattern occurred frequently if the subjects adapted to fine gratings before viewing the test pattern, whereas the McCollough effects corresponding to the global orientation of the test pattern occurred frequently if the subjects adapted to coarse gratings. Our results indicate that the perceptual organization is an important determinant in the McCollough effect.

scholarly journals Computer simulation of adsorption properties of polymer on surface under external driving force

2018 ◽  
Vol 67 (16) ◽  
pp. 168201
Author(s):  
Li Hong ◽  
Ai Qian-Wen ◽  
Wang Peng-Jun ◽  
Gao He-Bei ◽  
Cui Yi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Driving Force ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
External Driving
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