scholarly journals Adaptive Extremum Seeking Control of Urban Area Wind Turbines

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1356
Author(s):  
Felix Dietrich ◽  
Steffen Borchers-Tigasson ◽  
Till Naumann ◽  
Horst Schulte
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Extremum Seeking Control ◽  
Control Approach ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Simple Step

Maximum-power point tracking of wind turbines is a challenging issue considering fast changing wind conditions of urban areas. For this purpose, an adaptive control approach that is fast and robust is required. Conventional approaches based on simple step perturbations and subsequent observation, however, are difficult to design and too slow for the demanding wind conditions of urban areas including gusts and turbulence. In this paper, an extremum seeking control scheme to the recently developed wind turbine MOWEA (Modulare Windenergieanlagen GmbH) is proposed and successfully applied. To this end, a comprehensive aero-electromechanical model of the wind turbine under study including basic control is formulated. Next, the extremum seeking control scheme is adapted to the system. Several aspects to increase adaptation speed are highlighted, including a novel phase compensation. Finally, a validation of the proposed approach is performed considering real wind data, thus demonstrating its fast and robust adaptability. The proposed control scheme is computationally efficient and can be easily implemented on the existing onboard electronics.

Using Extremum Seeking Control to Improve the Power Capture of Midsize Hydrostatic Wind Turbines

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Escobar-Naranjo ◽  
Biswaranjan Mohanty ◽  
Kim A. Stelson
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Wind Turbines ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Torque Control ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Extremum Seeking Control ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Capture

Abstract Adaptive control strategies are commonly used for systems that change over time, such as wind turbines. Extremum Seeking Control (ESC) is a model-free real-time adaptive control strategy commonly used in conventional gearbox wind turbines for Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT). ESC optimizes the rotor power by constantly tuning the torque control gain (k) when operating below rated power. The same concept can be applied for hydrostatic wind turbines. This paper studies the use of ESC for a 60-kW hydrostatic wind turbine. First, a systematic approach to establish the ideal ESC is shown. Second, a comparison of the power capture performance of ESC versus the conventional torque control law (the kω2 law) is shown. The simulations include a timesharing power capture coefficient (Cp) to clearly show the advantages of using ESC. Studies under steady and realistic wind conditions show the main advantages of using ESC for a hydrostatic wind turbine.

Adaptive Maximization of Power Extraction of a Single Wind Turbine

2014 ◽  
Vol 615 ◽  
pp. 426-429
Author(s):  
Shu Yue Lin
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Engineering Industry ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Constant Input ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Power Extraction ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Power Point

Nowadays the application of extremum seeking controller in various engineering industry has attracted a high research attention. Also, it is one of the best known maximum power point tracking algorithm. It can drive the output to its extreme point automatically and dynamically stabilize around the equilibrium. In this paper, it is implemented via Matlab/Simulink. The extremum seeking control scheme controls the wind turbine to operate at its optimal rotational speed adaptively. Piecewise constant input wind will be applied.

Real-Time Optimization of Wind Farm Energy Capture With Delay Compensated Nested-Loop Extremum Seeking Control

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyou Wu ◽  
Yaoyu Li
Keyword(s):  
Wind Turbine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Wind Farm ◽  
Optimization Techniques ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Extremum Seeking Control ◽  
Energy Capture ◽  
Time Optimization ◽  
Real Time Optimization ◽  
Nested Loop

Real-time optimization of wind farm energy capture for below rated wind speed is critical for reducing the levelized cost of energy (LCOE). Performance of model based control and optimization techniques can be significantly limited by the difficulty in obtaining accurate turbine and farm models in field operation, as well as the prohibitive cost for accurate wind measurements. The Nested-Loop Extremum Seeking Control (NLESC), recently proposed as a model free method has demonstrated its great potential in wind farm energy capture optimization. However, a major limitation of previous work is the slow convergence, for which a primary cause is the low dither frequencies used by upwind turbines, primarily due to wake propagation delay through the turbine array. In this study, NLESC is enhanced with the predictor based delay compensation proposed by Oliveira and Krstic [1], which allows the use of higher dither frequencies for upwind turbines. The convergence speed can thus be improved, increasing the energy capture consequently. Simulation study is performed for a cascaded three-turbine array using the SimWindFarm platform. Simulation results show the improved energy capture of the wind turbine array under smooth and turbulent wind conditions, even up to 10% turbulence intensity. The impact of the proposed optimization methods on the fatigue loads of wind turbine structures is also evaluated.

Two-level control of photovoltaic systems using global perturbation-based extremum seeking control and model reference adaptive control

2017 ◽  
Vol 40 (13) ◽  
pp. 3709-3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Dadkhah Tehrani ◽  
Faridoon Shabaninia
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Model Reference Adaptive Control ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Global Maximum ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Extremum Seeking Control ◽  
Pv Systems ◽  
Control Scheme ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Model Reference Adaptive

One of the main renewable energy sources for the future is photovoltaic (PV) energy. Hence, working of the PV systems at maximum efficiency is taken into consideration in recent years. In this paper, for improving the performance of the global maximum power point tracking under partial shading conditions and uncertainty in parameters of DC-DC converter, a two-level adaptive control scheme is proposed. The proposed controller is capable of efficiently handling the uncertainties in the PV systems and the perturbations in the environment. The first level is global perturbation-based extremum seeking control (GPESC), and the second level is model reference adaptive control (MRAC). GPESC is used to find global maximum power point and MRAC is utilized to handle the dynamics of the DC-DC converter. Adequate difference in the time constants of control levels, causes decoupled control levels, which in turn makes it easy to design the controller. The performance of the proposed control scheme is evaluated through simulation based on four indicators: tracking accuracy, tracking efficiency, tracking speed and searching resolution for different irradiance patterns. The results are compared with GPESC and GPESC with PID controller.

Maximum Power Point Tracking of Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell With Fractional Order Filter and Extremum Seeking Control

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianxin Liu ◽  
Tiebiao Zhao ◽  
YangQuan Chen
Keyword(s):  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Maximum Power Point ◽  
Pass Filter ◽  
Extremum Seeking Control ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Exchange Membrane

Proton Exchange Membrane FC (PEMFC) is widely recognized as a potentially renewable and green energy source based on hydrogen. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is one of the most important working conditions to be considered. In order to improve the searching performance such as convergence and robustness under disturbance and uncertainty, a kind of fractional order low pass filter (FOLPF) is applied for the MPPT controller design based on general Extremum Seeking Control (ESC). The controller is designed with FOLPF and high pass filter (HPF) substituting the normal LPF and HPF in the original ESC design. With this FOLPF ESC, better convergence and smooth performance is gained while maintaining the robust specifications. Simulation results are included to validate the proposed new FOLPF ESC scheme under disturbance and comparisons between FOLPF ESC and general ESC method are also provided.

A time-varying extremum-seeking control approach

Automatica ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 356-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Guay ◽  
Denis Dochain
Keyword(s):  
Extremum Seeking ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Extremum Seeking Control ◽  
Control Approach
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