scholarly journals New Infeed Correction Methods for Distance Protection in Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4652
Author(s):  
Fahd Hariri ◽  
Mariesa Crow
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Positive Sequence ◽  
Distance Protection ◽  
Distance Relay ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Relay Location ◽  
Communication Links

The reliability and security of power systems may be jeopardized by the increase in the amounts of renewable generation and the uncertainties produced by these devices. In particular, the protection schemes of traditional power systems have been challenged by the integration of distributed generation (DG) resources. Distance relays (DRs), which have been mainly employed to protect transmission systems, are increasingly proposed as one of the solutions to protect distribution systems with a heavy penetration of DGs. However, conventional distance protection faces several drawbacks that might lead to maloperation. One of those challenges is the “infeed effect”, which causes the impedance seen by the distance relay to be larger than the actual positive-sequence line impedance between the fault and relay location. This paper proposes three new methods to estimate the distance to the fault in the presence of infeeds, whether in a radial distribution feeder or the transmission line. Unlike other solution methodologies in the literature that require communication links to estimate the distance to the fault, the proposed methods only need the local measurement (i.e., the voltage and current measurements at the location of the distance relay) to do the same. The performance of the method is demonstrated with a radial distribution system model in PSCAD™/EMTDC™.

Optimal Capacitors in Radial Distribution System for Loss Reduction and Voltage Enhancement

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 566 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bhongade ◽  
Sachin Arya
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Base Case ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Case Load

The work presented in this paper is carried out with the objective of identifying the optimal location and size (Kvar ratings) of shunt capacitors to be placed in radial distribution system, to have overall economy considering the saving due to energy loss minimization. To achieve this objective, a two stage methodology is adopted in this paper. In the first stage, the base case load flow of uncompensated distribution system is carried out. On the basis of base case load flow solution, Nominal voltage magnitudes and Loss Sensitivity Factors are calculated and the weak buses are selected for capacitor placement.In the second stage, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is used to identify the size of the capacitors to be placed at the selected buses for minimizing the power loss. The developed algorithm is tested for 10-bus, 34-bus and 85-bus Radial Distribution Systems. The results show that there has been an enhancement in voltage profile and reduction in power loss thus resulting in much annual saving.

A Heuristic Approach for Optimal Location and Sizing of Multiple DGs in Radial Distribution System

2014 ◽  
Vol 626 ◽  
pp. 227-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. Sasiraja ◽  
V. Suresh Kumar ◽  
S. Sudha
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Optimal Placement ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Integrated Network ◽  
Radial Distribution System

A distribution system is known as an interface between the central power system and its consumers. DGs are defined as small scale generation units that are connected near to customer load centres. DGs have the potential of altering power flows, system voltages, and even the performance of the integrated network. With the principle of minimizing line losses in the power systems, it is remarkably imperative to define the optimal size and location of local generations. This paper proposes Genetic Algorithm (GA) for optimal placement and sizing of distributed generation (DG) in radial distribution system by minimizing the real power loss and thus improving the voltage shape. The developed algorithm is tested on 33-bus radial distribution system. The proposed method has outperformed than the other methods in terms of the quality of solution and computational competence.

scholarly journals Multi objective Flower Pollination Algorithm for solving capacitor placement in radial distribution system using data structure load flow analysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Tamilselvan ◽  
T. Jayabarathi
Keyword(s):  
Data Structure ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Load Flow ◽  
Flower Pollination Algorithm ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Flower Pollination ◽  
Reactive Current

Abstract The radial distribution system is a rugged system, it is also the most commonly used system, which suffers by loss and low voltage at the end bus. This loss can be reduced by the use of a capacitor in the system, which injects reactive current and also improves the voltage magnitude in the buses. The real power loss in the distribution line is the I2R loss which depends on the current and resistance. The connection of the capacitor in the bus reduces the reactive current and losses. The loss reduction is equal to the increase in generation, necessary for the electric power provided by firms. For consumers, the quality of power supply depends on the voltage magnitude level, which is also considered and hence the objective of the problem becomes the multi objective of loss minimization and the minimization of voltage deviation. In this paper, the optimal location and size of the capacitor is found using a new computational intelligent algorithm called Flower Pollination Algorithm (FPA). To calculate the power flow and losses in the system, novel data structure load flow is introduced. In this, each bus is considered as a node with bus associated data. Links between the nodes are distribution lines and their own resistance and reactance. To validate the developed FPA solutions standard test cases, IEEE 33 and IEEE 69 radial distribution systems are considered.

scholarly journals Equivalent Model of a Three Phase System of Photovoltaic Generation to Analyze Voltage Variations in a Radial Distribution System

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Juan Camilo Toro-Cadavid ◽  
Carlos Andrés Ramos-Paja ◽  
Andrés Julián Saavedra-Montes
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Parameters Estimation ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Photovoltaic Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Photovoltaic Generators

In this paper, the modelling of a three-phase photovoltaic system, for analyzing voltage variation in a radial distribution system, is presented. The radial distribution system is represented by a benchmark which is widely used in the analysis of distribution systems with distributed generation, and electrical microgrids. The parameters estimation of this model is performed by selecting the aerial distribution of conductors and then calculating the sequence components. Moreover, a model of a three-phase photovoltaic generation system for analyzing voltage variations is proposed. The model represents an array of photovoltaic panels, a dc/dc converter with its control system, and a three-phase inverter. The software MATLAB/Simulink is chosen to simulate both the distribution and the photovoltaic systems. All the components of the three-phase photovoltaic system are parametrized with information of commercial equipment. To facilitate the implementation of the system model in the analysis program, reduced models of its components are selected. Finally, the proposed model of the three-phase photovoltaic system is validated by simulating single-phase faults along the feeder and changes of irradiance over the photovoltaic generators and observing the voltage behavior in one node of the distribution system. The results show that irradiance changes and single-phase faults affect the voltage behavior depending on the photovoltaic penetration level and the generators location.

Capacitor Placement in Radial Distribution System Using Oppositional Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 64-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sneha Sultana ◽  
Provas Kumar Roy
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Optimal Allocation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Planning Problem ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Capacitor Placement

Capacitors in distribution systems are used to supply reactive power to minimize power loss. This article presents an efficient optimization algorithm named oppositional cuckoo optimization algorithm (OCOA) for optimal allocation of capacitor in radial distribution systems to determine the optimal locations and sizes of capacitors with an objective of reduction of total cost considering different constraints. To test feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed OCOA, it is applied on 22-bus, 69-bus, 85-bus and 141-bus radial distribution systems as test studies and the results are compared with other methods available in literature. Comparison between the proposed method in this article and similar methods in other research works shows the effectiveness of the proposed method for solving optimum capacitor planning problem in radial distribution system.

scholarly journals Continuation Power Flow Based Distributed Energy Resource Hosting Capacity Estimation Considering Renewable Energy Uncertainty and Stability in Distribution Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (17) ◽  
pp. 4367
Author(s):  
Hyun-Tae Kim ◽  
Jungju Lee ◽  
Myungseok Yoon ◽  
Moon-Jeong Lee ◽  
Namhun Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Distributed Energy ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Continuation Power Flow ◽  
Distributed Energy Resource

Recently, the demand for electricity has been increasing worldwide. Thus, more attention has been paid to renewable energy. There are acceptable limits during the integration of renewable energy into distribution systems because there are many effects of integrating renewable energy. Unlike previous studies that have estimated the distributed energy resource (DER) hosting capacity using the standard high voltage and probability approach, in this study, we propose an algorithm to estimate the DER hosting capacity by considering DER outages due to abrupt disturbances or uncertainties based on the generator ramp rate and voltage stability, which involves analysis of the low-voltage aspects. Furthermore, this method does not involve a complicated process or need large amounts of data to estimate the DER hosting capacity because it requires only minimum data for power flow. The proposed algorithm was applied to the IEEE-33 radial distribution system. According to the DER capacity, a voltage stability analysis based on continuation power flow (CPF) was conducted in a case of DER outage to estimate the DER hosting capacity in this case study. Thus, the DER hosting capacity was estimated for the IEEE-33 radial distribution system.

scholarly journals Optimal DG Location and Sizing for Minimum Active Power Loss in Radial Distribution System using Firefly Algorithm

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
Souhaib Remha
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Firefly Algorithm ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Active Power ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Algorithm Comparison ◽  
Active Power Losses

In this paper, a novel optimization algorithm is presented for optimal location and sizing of Distributed Generation (DG) units on distribution systems. For this purpose, a recently based meta-heuristic called Firefly Algorithm (FA) has been employed to minimize the total active power losses. The results show a considerable improved in voltage profiles of all the buses and enhance the voltage stability index. The investigations were tested on IEEE 33 bus radial distribution system. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of firefly algorithm. Comparison with another method is also given.

scholarly journals Linear programming technique based optimal relay coordination in a radial distribution system

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (1.8) ◽  
pp. 51
Author(s):  
G. V. Nagesh Kumar ◽  
B. Sravana Kumar ◽  
B. Venkateswara Rao ◽  
P. V. S. Sobhan ◽  
K. Appala Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Linear Programming ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Inequality Constraints ◽  
Programming Technique ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Dial Setting ◽  
Relay Coordination ◽  
Different Types

Now-a-days to ensure power continuity and system’s reliability the protection system is to be designed properly for distribution systems to handle the faults to avoiding the damage to the equipments and to the service engineers. Different types of relays with different working principles are used to detect different types of faults in the system. In order to avoid mal operation of relays, proper coordination is to be carried out. The objective of this paper is to maintain the relay coordination as well as to decrease the working time of relays by optimizing the values of time dial setting (TDS) using linear programming problem technique (LPP). The inequality constraints guarantee the coordination margin for each primary or backup relay pairs having a fault very close to the primary relay. Simulation is carried out on a IEEE 15 bus balanced radial distribution system with 3 different types of relays namely standard inverse, extremely inverse and very inverse relay and the results are presented and analyzed.

Optimal Integration of Distributed Generation in a Radial Distribution System Using BW/FW Sweep and PSO Algorithm

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 94-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omrane Bouketir ◽  
Haddi Sebaa ◽  
Tarek Bouktir
Keyword(s):  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Pso Algorithm ◽  
Maximum Efficiency ◽  
Optimal Size ◽  
Voltage Profile ◽  
Radial Distribution System

Installation of distributed generations (DGs) could be an effective solution to the problem of shortage of the electric energy especially in populated areas. Installation of DG in non-suitable places can result in more energy losses and voltage instability which leads to higher operating cost. DGs should be placed optimally in the network to get maximum efficiency of the system. This paper presents a new method to solve the optimal sizing and placement of DGs with the aim of minimizing real power loss and improving voltage profile in a distribution system. A power flow technique based on Backward/Forward (BW/FW) sweep is used to calculate the system losses through different branches. Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm is used to find out the optimal size and to identify the DG units placement in a radial distribution system simultaneously. Different scenarios of DG capacity are considered. The constraints of voltage and current through branches are investigated. The method is tested on 33-bus and 69-bus radial distribution systems to demonstrate the performance and the effectiveness of the proposed method. The results obtained are discussed and analyzed where they proved the usefulness of the applied algorithm.

DG Planning with Amalgamation of Operational and Reliability Considerations

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neelakanteshwar Rao Battu ◽  
A. R. Abhyankar ◽  
Nilanjan Senroy
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Radial Distribution ◽  
Distribution System ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Distribution Systems ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Radial Distribution System ◽  
Real Power ◽  
Distributed Generator ◽  
Distributed Generators

Abstract Distributed Generation has been playing a vital role in dealing issues related to distribution systems. This paper presents an approach which provides policy maker with a set of solutions for DG placement to optimize reliability and real power loss of the system. Optimal location of a Distributed Generator is evaluated based on performance indices derived for reliability index and real power loss. The proposed approach is applied on a 15-bus radial distribution system and a 18-bus radial distribution system with conventional and wind distributed generators individually.

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