scholarly journals Assessing Uncertainties of Life-Cycle CO2 Emissions Using Hydrogen Energy for Power Generation

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (21) ◽  
pp. 6943
Author(s):  
Akito Ozawa ◽  
Yuki Kudoh
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Hydrogen Energy ◽  
Low Carbon

Hydrogen and its energy carriers, such as liquid hydrogen (LH2), methylcyclohexane (MCH), and ammonia (NH3), are essential components of low-carbon energy systems. To utilize hydrogen energy, the complete environmental merits of its supply chain should be evaluated. To understand the expected environmental benefit under the uncertainty of hydrogen technology development, we conducted life-cycle inventory analysis and calculated CO2 emissions and their uncertainties attributed to the entire supply chain of hydrogen and NH3 power generation (co-firing and mono-firing) in Japan. Hydrogen was assumed to be produced from overseas renewable energy sources with LH2/MCH as the carrier, and NH3 from natural gas or renewable energy sources. The Japanese life-cycle inventory database was used to calculate emissions. Monte Carlo simulations were performed to evaluate emission uncertainty and mitigation factors using hydrogen energy. For LH2, CO2 emission uncertainty during hydrogen liquefaction can be reduced by using low-carbon fuel. For MCH, CO2 emissions were not significantly affected by power consumption of overseas processes; however, it can be reduced by implementing low-carbon fuel and waste-heat utilization during MCH dehydrogenation. Low-carbon NH3 production processes significantly affected power generation, whereas carbon capture and storage during NH3 production showed the greatest reduction in CO2 emission. In conclusion, reducing CO2 emissions during the production of hydrogen and NH3 is key to realize low-carbon hydrogen energy systems.

scholarly journals Assessing Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity (RES-E) Potential using a CAPM-Analogous Multi-Stage Model

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (19) ◽  
pp. 3599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martinez-Fernandez ◽  
deLlano-Paz ◽  
Calvo-Silvosa ◽  
Soares
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Carbon Capture And Storage ◽  
Offshore Wind ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
The Cost

Carbon mitigation is a major aim of the power-generation regulation. Renewable energy sources for electricity are essential to design a future low-carbon mix. In this work, financial Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) is implemented to optimize the power-generation technologies portfolio. We include technological and environmental restrictions in the model. The optimization is carried out in two stages. Firstly, we minimize the cost and risk of the generation portfolio, and afterwards, we minimize its emission factor and risk. By combining these two results, we are able to draw an area which can be considered analogous to the Capital Market Line (CML) used by the Capital Asset Pricing model (CAPM). This area delimits the set of long-term power-generation portfolios that can be selected to achieve a progressive decarbonisation of the mix. This work confirms the relevant role of small hydro, offshore wind, and large hydro as preferential technologies in efficient portfolios. It is necessary to include all available renewable technologies in order to reduce the cost and the risk of the portfolio, benefiting from the diversification effect. Additionally, carbon capture and storage technologies must be available and deployed if fossil fuel technologies remain in the portfolio in a low-carbon approach.

A Case Study on Energy Saving and New Energy Services

2012 ◽  
Vol 462 ◽  
pp. 327-330
Author(s):  
Ze Guo Qiu
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
New Energy

Energy conservation or energy saving is one of the most important methods for reducing CO2 emissions, which is known to be associated with global warming. Although development of renewable energy sources such as solar or wind energy is necessary, we must first pay attention to the fact that enormous amounts of energy are consumed uselessly at present. Energy saving should therefore be one of the first problems to be tackled. It may not only bring reductions in CO2 emission, but also may lead to savings in expenditure on energy. This paper introduces some of the initiatives taking place in Japan aimed at energy conservation.

scholarly journals Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of Environmental and Energy Systems

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (22) ◽  
pp. 5892
Author(s):  
Luca Ciacci ◽  
Fabrizio Passarini
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle Assessment ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Generation ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
And Storage

The transition towards renewable energy sources and “green” technologies for energy generation and storage is expected to mitigate the climate emergency in the coming years [...]

scholarly journals Estimation of CO2 Emissions of Internal Combustion Engine Vehicle and Battery Electric Vehicle Using LCA

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryuji Kawamoto ◽  
Hideo Mochizuki ◽  
Yoshihisa Moriguchi ◽  
Takahiro Nakano ◽  
Masayuki Motohashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Internal Combustion Engine ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Internal Combustion ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Vehicle Operation

In order to reduce vehicle emitted greenhouse gases (GHGs) on a global scale, the scope of consideration should be expanded to include the manufacturing, fuel extraction, refinement, power generation, and end-of-life phases of a vehicle, in addition to the actual operational phase. In this paper, the CO2 emissions of conventional gasoline and diesel internal combustion engine vehicles (ICV) were compared with mainstream alternative powertrain technologies, namely battery electric vehicles (BEV), using life-cycle assessment (LCA). In most of the current studies, CO2 emissions were calculated assuming that the region where the vehicles were used, the lifetime driving distance in that region and the CO2 emission from the battery production were fixed. However, in this paper, the life cycle CO2 emissions in each region were calculated taking into consideration the vehicle’s lifetime driving distance in each region and the deviations in CO2 emissions for battery production. For this paper, the US, European Union (EU), Japan, China, and Australia were selected as the reference regions for vehicle operation. The calculated results showed that CO2 emission from the assembly of BEV was larger than that of ICV due to the added CO2 emissions from battery production. However, in regions where renewable energy sources and low CO2 emitting forms of electric power generation are widely used, as vehicle lifetime driving distance increase, the total operating CO2 emissions of BEV become less than that of ICV. But for BEV, the CO2 emissions for replacing the battery with a new one should be added when the lifetime driving distance is over 160,000 km. Moreover, it was shown that the life cycle CO2 emission of ICV was apt to be smaller than that of BEV when the CO2 emissions for battery production were very large.

scholarly journals Environmental Impact of Energy Systems Integrated with Electrochemical Accumulators and Powered by Renewable Energy Sources in a Life-Cycle Perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2770
Author(s):  
Anna Stoppato ◽  
Alberto Benato ◽  
Francesco De Vanna
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Storage Systems ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Sources ◽  
Life Cycle Perspective

The aim of this study is to assess the environmental impact of storage systems integrated with energy plants powered by renewable sources. Stationary storage systems proved to be a valid solution for regulating networks, supporting frequency, and managing peaks in electricity supply and demand. Recently, their coupling with renewable energy sources has been considered a strategic means of exploiting their high potential since it permits them to overcome their intrinsic uncertainty. Therefore, the storage systems integration with distributed generation can improve the performance of the networks and decrease the costs associated with energy production. However, a question remains regarding the overall environmental sustainability of the final energy production. Focusing on electrochemical accumulators, the problems mainly concern the use of heavy metals and/or impacting chemical components of storage at the center of environmental hazard debates. In this paper, an environmental assessment from a life-cycle perspective of the hybrid energy systems powered by fossil and renewable sources located on two non-interconnected minor islands is presented. Existing configurations are compared with new ones obtained with the addition of batteries for the exploitation of renewable energy. The results show that, for batteries, the assembly phase, including raw material extraction, transport, and assembly, accounts for about 40% of the total, while the remaining part is related to end-of-life processes. The reuse and recycling of the materials have a positive effect on overall impacts. The results also show that the overall impact is strongly related to the actual energy mix of the place where batteries are installed, even if it is usually lower than that of the solution without the batteries. The importance of a proper definition of the functional unit in the analysis is also emphasized in this work.

A Case Study on Energy Saving and New Energy Services

2011 ◽  
Vol 301-303 ◽  
pp. 357-360
Author(s):  
Qing Bao Wei
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Conservation ◽  
Energy Saving ◽  
Co2 Emissions ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
New Energy

Energy conservation or energy saving is one of the most important methods for reducing CO2 emissions, which is known to be associated with global warming. Although development of renewable energy sources such as solar or wind energy is necessary, we must first pay attention to the fact that enormous amounts of energy are consumed uselessly at present. Energy saving should therefore be one of the first problems to be tackled. It may not only bring reductions in CO2 emission, but also may lead to savings in expenditure on energy. This paper introduces some of the initiatives taking place in Japan aimed at energy conservation.

scholarly journals Linking renewables and fossil fuels with carbon capture via energy storage for a sustainable energy future

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 453-459
Author(s):  
Dawid P. Hanak ◽  
Vasilije Manovic
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Storage ◽  
Carbon Capture ◽  
Sustainable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
The Future ◽  
Power Generation Systems

AbstractRenewable energy sources and low-carbon power generation systems with carbon capture and storage (CCS) are expected to be key contributors towards the decarbonisation of the energy sector and to ensure sustainable energy supply in the future. However, the variable nature of wind and solar power generation systems may affect the operation of the electricity system grid. Deployment of energy storage is expected to increase grid stability and renewable energy utilisation. The power sector of the future, therefore, needs to seek a synergy between renewable energy sources and low-carbon fossil fuel power generation. This can be achieved via wide deployment of CCS linked with energy storage. Interestingly, recent progress in both the CCS and energy storage fields reveals that technologies such as calcium looping are technically viable and promising options in both cases. Novel integrated systems can be achieved by integrating these applications into CCS with inherent energy storage capacity, as well as linking other CCS technologies with renewable energy sources via energy storage technologies, which will maximise the profit from electricity production, mitigate efficiency and economic penalties related to CCS, and improve renewable energy utilisation.

scholarly journals Comprehensive Examination on Solar -Wind Energy Systems Grid Integration and Emerging Power Quality challenges

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6S3) ◽  
pp. 733-737
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Wind Energy ◽  
Power Quality ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Atmospheric Condition ◽  
Energy Systems ◽  
Green Energy ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Wind Energy Systems

Sources of energy for conventional power generation are limited and depleting ceaselessly owing to rising demand of power because of the social modernization, rising industrial growth, quick rate of infrastructure development and also technological innovation. Several developed countries have started the employment of renewable energy sources considerably to attenuate the greenhouse gases effects within the atmosphere and harmful emission. The rising demand of the power without any harmful and damaging issue, forces the eye of researchers towards renewable sources (like wind and solar) of energy. Therefore, it's minimum impact on the atmosphere. Renewable Energy sources are becoming the key contributors in the present society due to the increasing cost of oil products and decrease in the price of RES. By using natural resources energy sources like Solar and wind are providing green energy. Renewable Energy penetration is increasing worldwide day by day. Renewable power generation will introduce noticeable power quality challenges when integrated to power grid. From the aspect of RES, renewable energy generation is intermittent and non-dispatchable because of varied nature of RES. The most common PQ challenges on RE integration are frequency and voltage fluctuations in the power system caused by noncontrollable atmospheric condition and Harmonics that are introduced because of power electronic converters used in RE power generation. This paper presents an intensive literature review, conducted on emerging PQ issues owing to Solar and Wind energy systems integration and existing mitigation methods.

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