scholarly journals Bio-Crude Production from Protein-Extracted Grass Residue through Hydrothermal Liquefaction

Energies ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 364
Author(s):  
Saqib Sohail Toor ◽  
Ayaz Ali Shah ◽  
Kamaldeep Sharma ◽  
Tahir Hussain Seehar ◽  
Thomas Helmer Pedersen ◽  
...  

In the present study, the protein-extracted grass residue (press cake) was processed through hydrothermal liquefaction under sub and supercritical temperatures (300, 350 and 400 °C) with and without using a potassium carbonate catalyst. The results revealed that bio-crude yield was influenced by both temperature and the catalyst. The catalyst was found to be effective at 350 °C (350 Cat) for enhancing the bio-crude yield, whereas supercritical state in both catalytic and non-catalytic conditions improved the quality of bio-crude with reasonable HHVs (33 to 36 MJ/kg). The thermal behaviour of bio-crude was analysed and higher volatile contents (more than 50% under the range of 350 °C) were found at supercritical conditions. The overall TOC values in the residual aqueous phase varied from 22 to 38 g/L. Higher carbon loss was noticed in the aqueous phase in supercritical conditions. Furthermore, GCMS analysis showed ketones, acids and ester, aromatics and hydrocarbon with negligible nitrogen-containing compounds in bio-crude. In conclusion, the catalytic conversion of grass residue under subcritical conditions (350 Cat) is favourable in terms of high bio-crude yield, however, supercritical conditions promote the deoxygenation of oxygen-containing compounds in biomass and thus improve HHVs of bio-crude.

2019 ◽  
Vol 329 (6) ◽  
pp. 13-16
Author(s):  
A.N. Betin ◽  
◽  
A.I. Frolov ◽  

Biofuels ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Vinod Kumar ◽  
Krishna Kumar Jaiswal ◽  
Mikhail S. Vlaskin ◽  
Manisha Nanda ◽  
M. K. Tripathi ◽  
...  

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4492
Author(s):  
Komeil Kohansal ◽  
Kamaldeep Sharma ◽  
Saqib Sohail Toor ◽  
Eliana Lozano Sanchez ◽  
Joscha Zimmermann ◽  
...  

This study focuses on the valorization of the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (biopulp) by hydrothermal liquefaction. Thereby, homogeneous alkali catalysts (KOH, NaOH, K2CO3, and Na2CO3) and a residual aqueous phase recirculation methodology were mutually employed to enhance the bio-crude yield and energy efficiency of a sub-critical hydrothermal conversion (350 °C, 15–20 Mpa, 15 min). Interestingly, single recirculation of the concentrated aqueous phase positively increased the bio-crude yield in all cases, while the higher heating value (HHV) of the bio-crudes slightly dropped. Compared to the non-catalytic experiment, K2CO3 and Na2CO3 effectively increased the bio-crude yield by 14 and 7.3%, respectively. However, KOH and NaOH showed a negative variation in the bio-crude yield. The highest bio-crude yield (37.5 wt.%) and energy recovery (ER) (59.4%) were achieved when K2CO3 and concentrated aqueous phase recirculation were simultaneously applied to the process. The inorganics distribution results obtained by ICP reveal the tendency of the alkali elements to settle into the aqueous phase, which, if recovered, can potentially boost the circularity of the HTL process. Therefore, wise selection of the alkali catalyst along with aqueous phase recirculation assists hydrothermal liquefaction in green biofuel production and environmentally friendly valorization of biopulp.


Author(s):  
Sivakumar Shri Vigneshwar ◽  
Authilingam Swetha ◽  
Kannappan Panchamoorthy Gopinath ◽  
Jayaseelan Arun ◽  
Ramachandran Sivaramakrishnan ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 148 ◽  
pp. 106032
Author(s):  
Komeil Kohansal ◽  
Saqib Toor ◽  
Kamaldeep Sharma ◽  
Rupa Chand ◽  
Lasse Rosendahl ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (5) ◽  
pp. 1537-1547 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuzheng Zhuang ◽  
Hao Zhan ◽  
Yanpei Song ◽  
Yanqin Huang ◽  
Xiuli Yin ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 101776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter H. Chen ◽  
Juan L. Venegas Jimenez ◽  
Steven M. Rowland ◽  
Jason C. Quinn ◽  
Lieve M.L. Laurens

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