Conversion efficiency and oil quality of low-lipid high-protein and high-lipid low-protein microalgae via hydrothermal liquefaction

Maggot black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) is a protein source of feed which is highly favored by poultry, especially ducks and chickens. However, it is feared that the provision of live maggot in ducks will affect the organoleptic quality of the egg, especially its taste and aroma. Therefore this study aims to determine the organoleptic quality of duck eggs fed Hermetia illucens maggot feeds in a living state. The study used 120 alabio ducks which were placed in a postal cage. The design used was a completely randomized design, each treatment using six replications. Each replication is taken egg sample to be tested panelists. The panelists used were 67 panelists who were somewhat trained. The data obtained were analyzed of variance and Duncan's multiple range test. The treatments that were tried consisted of P1: low protein rations without live maggot, P2: low protein rations with live maggot administration 40 g/bird/day, P3: high protein rations without live maggot administration, and P4: high protein rations with live maggot administration 40g/bird/day. The results showed that the treatment affected the texture, flavor, and aroma of boiled eggs. Ducks fed with high protein ration coupled with the provision of live maggot 40 g/bird/day produce softer textures, tastes quite good, and aroma more fishy. Keywords: Maggot, duck eggs, organoleptics

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High-lipid prey reduce juvenile survivorship and delay egg laying in a small linyphiid spider Hylyphantes graminicola

Journal of Experimental Biology ◽

10.1242/jeb.237255 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 223 (23) ◽

pp. jeb237255

Author(s):

Lelei Wen ◽

Xiaoguo Jiao ◽

Fengxiang Liu ◽

Shichang Zhang ◽

Daiqin Li

Keyword(s):

Life History ◽

Life History Traits ◽

Egg Laying ◽

High Protein ◽

Nutritional Requirement ◽

Predator Species ◽

Low Protein ◽

Lipid Ratio ◽

High Lipid ◽

Prey Protein

ABSTRACTPrey proteins and lipids greatly impact predator life-history traits. However, life-history plasticity offers predators the opportunity to tune the life-history traits in response to the limited macronutrients to allocate among traits. A fast-growing predator species with a strict maturation time may be more likely to consume nutritionally imbalanced prey. Here, we tested this hypothesis by examining the effect of the protein-to-lipid ratio in prey on a small sheet web-building spider, Hylyphantes graminicola, with a short life span, using adult Drosophila melanogaster as the prey. By manipulating the macronutrient content of the prey to generate three prey types with different protein-to-lipid ratios (i.e. high, intermediate and low), we demonstrated that the majority of the spiders that consumed only these flies could reach full maturity. However, juvenile spiders that consumed high-lipid (low protein-to-lipid ratio) flies had a higher rate of mortality than those consuming medium-protein and high-protein flies. The prey protein-to-lipid ratio had no significant effects on the developmental duration and size at maturity. Although the prey protein-to-lipid ratio had no significant influence on mating behaviour and female fecundity, females reared on high-lipid flies exhibited a significant delay in oviposition compared with those reared on high-protein flies. We conclude that high-lipid prey has negative effects on the survival and reproductive function of H. graminicola. Our study thus provides clear evidence that low plasticity with fast development to a certain size means a high nutritional requirement for protein at a cost of lower survival and prolonged time to egg laying when prey have low protein-to-lipid content in H. graminicola.

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Copper sulphate as a growth stimulant for pigs: effect of composition of diet and level of protein

Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s0003356100034176 ◽

1962 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

I. A. M. Lucas ◽

R. M. Livingstone ◽

A. W. Boyne

Keyword(s):

Conversion Efficiency ◽

Copper Sulphate ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Live Weight ◽

Basal Diet ◽

High Protein ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽

Low Protein

Thirty six individually-fed pigs were used in a within-litter comparison of the 6 treatments of a 3 × 2 factorial experiment. The pigs were about 9 weeks old at the start and were slaughtered as their individual weights reached about 200 lb.Three types of basal diet were given with and without a supplement of CuSO4.5H2O included at 0·1% (250 p.p.m. added Cu).The diets were based on (1) barley and fish meal, with 17% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. live-weight and 15·4 % from then on, (2) maize and soya (extracted soya bean meal), with about the same levels of protein and (3) maize and soya, but with only 13·4% crude protein for pigs up to 103 lb. and 11·9% for pigs of 103 lb. to 200 lb. Daily feed allowances were determined from a fixed scale based on live-weight.Pigs given the high-protein maize-soya diets grew more rapidly, required less feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses than those given the barley-fish meal diets. This was probably because of the higher TDN content of the maize-soya mixture.Pigs given the low-protein maize-soya diets grew less rapidly, required more feed per lb. gain and had fatter carcasses with smaller ‘eye’ muscles than those receiving the high-protein maize-soya diets, these being the usual effects of an inadequate supply of total protein or of an essential amino acid.CuSO4.5H2O4 added as 0·1% of each of the three types of diet improved growth rate before 103 lb. live-weight but had no consistent effect on feed conversion efficiency. Between 103 lb. and slaughter the copper sulphate did not affect performance on the barley-fish meal or high-protein maize-soya diet, but in the low-protein maize-soya diet it reduced feed conversion efficiency and rate of gain by 5%. Although this interaction was not statistically significant it agrees with an observation made in Florida and warrants further investigation.

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Protein Quality of High-Protein and Low-Protein Milled Rices in Preschool Children

Journal of Nutrition ◽

10.1093/jn/109.5.832 ◽

1979 ◽

Vol 109 (5) ◽

pp. 832-839 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Benigna V. Roxas ◽

Carmen Li. Intengan ◽

Bienvenido O. Juliano

Keyword(s):

Preschool Children ◽

Protein Quality ◽

High Protein ◽

Low Protein

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CARCASS QUALITY OF RAW AND SMOKED FISH FILLETS PREPARED FROM CAGE RAISED RIVER CATFISH (Hemibagrus nemurus Valenciennes, 1840) FED HIGH PROTEIN-LOW ENERGY AND LOW PROTEIN-HIGH ENERGY DIETS

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.8147 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (4-2) ◽

Author(s):

Bustari Hasan ◽

Indra Suharman ◽

Desmelati Desmelati ◽

Dian Iriani

Keyword(s):

Protein Composition ◽

High Energy ◽

Low Energy ◽

High Protein ◽

Carcass Quality ◽

Commercial Fish ◽

Overall Acceptability ◽

Smoked Fish ◽

Low Protein

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high protein-low energy and low protein-high energy diet on carcass quality of raw and smoked river catfish fillets. Two diets containing high protein-low energy (40 % protein, 2.75 kcal g–1 energy, diet A) and low protein-high energy (34 % protein, 3.00 kcal·g-1 energy, diet B) which produced the best growth in our previous feeding trial were fed to river catfish. The fish, 40.14 g to 42.64 g in weight were stocked in commercial fish cage at dencity of 50 fish per m3and fed the experimental diets for 90 d. At the end of the experiment, all fish was weighed for weight gain, 20 fish were evaluated for carcass quality and other 20 fish were filleted and hot smoked. Smoked fillets were assessed for smoking yield, proximate composition, sensory quality and overall acceptability. Edible flesh, dressing percentage and flesh water holding capacity of the fresh raw were higher for the fish fed diet A; but carcass waste was higher for the fish fed diet B. Protein composition was higher for the fish fed diet A; however, fat composition was higher for the fish fed diet B. In terms of smoking yield and overall acceptability of smoked fish, there was no difference between smoked fillets prepared from the fish fed the two diets, while appearance and texture were higher for the smoked fillets prepared from fish fed diet A; and odor as well as flavor were higher for smoked fillets prepared from fish fed diet B.

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