scholarly journals Leaf Structural Carbohydrate Decreased for Pinus thunbergii along Coast–Inland Gradients

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Yuxiang Wen ◽  
Lei Wang ◽  
Hui Zhang ◽  
G. Geoff Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Environmental Variable ◽  
Wind Load ◽  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Needle Morphology ◽  
Structural Carbohydrate ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Although photosynthesis (carbohydrate production) decreases under wind load, it is unclear how carbohydrate categories allocation changes. We determined the leaf morphology (specific leaf area (SLA), needle thickness), anatomy (cuticle thickness, epidermal thickness), photosynthesis (effective quantum yield of Photosystem II (Y(II)), carbohydrate (structure carbohydrate (SC) and non-structure carbohydrate (NSC)), and environmental variables in Pinus thunbergii plantations from coast to inland, with wind speed decreasing. As expected, wind, accounting for 19–69% of the total variation, was the most dominant environmental variable determining the leaf traits. Y(II) and NSC increased, while SC and SC/NSC decreased along the coast-inland gradients (p < 0.01). These results confirmed that, although carbohydrate production decreased, SC allocation increased with increasing wind load. SLA and needle thickness decreased, while cuticle thickness and epidermal thickness increased from coast to inland. Needle thickness and cuticle thickness showed strong correlations to SC/NSC. These variations indicated that carbohydrate categories allocation related to variations of needle morphology and anatomy for P. thunbergii under wind, because of more SC allocation in leaf to support tensile strength and hardness of the cell wall under wind. Therefore, allocation between SC and NSC may be helpful for understanding the long-term adaptation of plants to wind load.

scholarly journals Leaf morphoanatomy traits in white grapevine cultivars with distinct geographical origin

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-101
Author(s):  
Generosa Teixeira ◽  
Ana Monteiro ◽  
Cristina Santos ◽  
Carlos M. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Geographical Origin ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Lower Surface ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Epidermal Cells ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Single Leaf ◽  
Leaf Density ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

This study aims to compare the leaf morphoanatomical characteristics of sevenVitis viniferasubsp.viniferawhite cultivars with different geographical origin, grown side by side at the same “terroir”. The leaf morphoanatomical traits analyzed under light and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed large variability among genotypes. Significant differences between cultivars were observed in single leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf density and in the thickness of cuticle, upper and lower epidermal cells and mesophyll. Leaf dry mass per area presented a significant positive correlation with leaf density but showed no correlation with leaf thickness, results that can be explained by the quite different mesophyll structure, epidermal cells and cuticle thickness. ‘Alvarinho’, ‘Encruzado’, ‘Macabeu’ and ‘Viosinho’ were the cultivars with the highest thickness of cuticle and mesophyll tissues. Under SEM magnification three types of stomata were identified: sunken, at the same level and raised above, with the same level type presenting the higher percentage in all cultivars. Stomata density presented significant differences between cultivars, with ‘Macabeu’ showing the highest value and ‘Alvarinho’ and ‘Arinto’ the lowest ones. The hairs on the lower surface presented a similar woolly aspect in all cultivars. Calcium oxalate crystals, raphids and druses were visible and widely distributed in the parenchyma tissues. The observed differences in leaf traits among genotypes suggest a major role of leaf anatomy in determining grapevine capacity for coping with different environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Physiological, morphological and anatomical leaf traits variation across leaf development in 'Corylus avellana'

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosangela Catoni ◽  
Francesco Bracco ◽  
Loretta Gratani ◽  
Mirko Umberto Granata
Keyword(s):  
Quantum Yield ◽  
Leaf Development ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Corylus Avellana ◽  
Leaf Mass Per Area ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Effective Quantum Yield ◽  
Maximum Quantum Yield ◽  
Psii Photochemistry ◽  
Quantum Yield Of Psii

The study analyzed the variations of physiological, morphological and anatomical leaf traits during its development in Corylus avellana L. saplings. Three different phases were identify during leaf development: the first phase (hereafter IP) considered in the developing leaves, the second phase (IIP) in the mature green leaves and the third phase (IIIP) in the senescent leaves. In particular, variations in parameters estimated from the photosynthetic light response curves, in chlorophyll fluorescence variables and in morphological leaf traits were analyzed during the three phases. The principal component analysis (PCA) carried out using all the considered morphological characters (leaf mass per area - LMA, and leaf tissue density - LTD) and physiological traits (the maximum net photosynthetic rates - ANmax, dark respiration rates - RD, light compensation point - LCP, light saturation point – LSP, maximum quantum yield - ɸmax, fluorescence-based maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry - Fv/FM and effective quantum yield of PSII photochemistry - ɸPSII) showed a complete separation among the considered phases. The results showed that the major differences occur between the phases IP and IIP. In particular, a greater variation was found for LMA, ANmax, RD. On the contrary a lower variation was observed for ɸmax which remain quite constant from IP to IIP indicating that chloroplasts present in juvenile leaves are fully functional.

scholarly journals Alterations in Leaf Ultrastructure in Varieties of Sugarcane Infected by Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Allan de Marcos Lapaz ◽  
Lucas Aparecido Manzani Lisboa ◽  
Ronaldo da Silva Viana ◽  
Lucas Ferreira ◽  
Camila Hatsu Pereira Yoshida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crop Yields ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ultrastructural Changes ◽  
Beam Diameter ◽  
Epidermal Thickness ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Sugarcane Varieties ◽  
Sporisorium Scitamineum ◽  
Sugarcane Yield ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Given the importance of viral, bacterial and fungal diseases in agriculture and their impact on crop yields, this study evaluated leaf ultrastructural changes in sugarcane varieties infected by these diseases, aiming to find morphological responses that may be associated to the decline of sugarcane yield. Three independent experiments were carried out with sugarcane varieties. In the three experiments, a randomised block design was used with 10 replications. The treatments consisted of the following diseases: mosaic from infection of variety SP86-155 by SCMV (experiment 1); stunting from infection with bacterium Leifsonia xyli subsp. xyli and smut from infection with fungus Sporisorium scitamineum (formally called Ustilago scitaminea) in the variety SP70-3370 (experiment 2); and scald from infection of variety SP78-5495 by bacterium Xanthomonas albilineans (experiment 3). The ultrastructural parameters were evaluated: mesophyll thickness, xylem diameter, phloem beam diameter, epidermal thickness of the adaxial face, epidermal thickness of the abaxial face, cuticle thickness of the adaxial face and cuticle thickness of the abaxial face. Healthy plants were controls for the three experiments. Sugarcane plants with mosaic, stunting, smut and scald diseases show deleterious changes in leaf ultrastructure.

MORPHOLOGICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF TOLERANCE TO ATMOSPHERIC STRESS IN TWO SENSITIVE AND TWO TOLERANT TEA CLONES IN SOUTH AFRICA

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Olyslaegers ◽  
I. Nijs ◽  
J. Roebben ◽  
F. Kockelbergh ◽  
F. Vanassche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Stomatal Density ◽  
Leaf Traits ◽  
Physiological Indicators ◽  
Water Vapour Transport ◽  
Stem Flow ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Cuticle Thickness

Tea (Camellia sinensis) clones (PC113 and SFS204) sensitive to very dry air and clones (PC114 and SFS150) that are tolerant, were studied at two tea estates (Tshivhase and Grenshoek) in the Northern Province of the Republic of South Africa. Among the morphological leaf traits studied, stomatal density, pore diameter and pore depth were not linked consistently to stress tolerance. Cuticle thickness was not a good indicator of stress tolerance because genetic differences between clones were confounded by the clonal response of wax production to stress. In contrast, measured leaf conductance to water vapour transport was larger and leaf water potential was lower in sensitive clones, but only with more severe atmospheric stress (Grenshoek). Also the ratio of the calculated maximum stomatal conductance in old and young leaves was higher in sensitive clones, suggesting that the loss of a larger fraction of the total stem flow by old leaves enhanced the stress experienced by the young leaves. However, this indicator was valid only under the more stressful microclimate of Grenshoek. The results indicate that even promising criteria for stress tolerance should be tested by exposure to stress during selection.

Interrelationships of factors of social development are more complex than Life History Theory predicts

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Kotchoubey
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Life History Theory ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Behavioral Features

Abstract Life History Theory (LHT) predicts a monotonous relationship between affluence and the rate of innovations and strong correlations within a cluster of behavioral features. Although both predictions can be true in specific cases, they are incorrect in general. Therefore, the author's explanations may be right, but they do not prove LHT and cannot be generalized to other apparently similar processes.

Dielectronic Recombination in the Average-Atom Model

1988 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
pp. 215
Author(s):  
R.M. More ◽  
G.B. Zimmerman ◽  
Z. Zinamon
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Balance ◽  
Systematic Errors ◽  
Dielectronic Recombination ◽  
Rate Equations ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Dense Plasmas ◽  
Atom Model ◽  
New Feature ◽  
Average Atom Model ◽  
Attachment Process

Autoionization and dielectronic attachment are usually omitted from rate equations for the non–LTE average–atom model, causing systematic errors in predicted ionization states and electronic populations for atoms in hot dense plasmas produced by laser irradiation of solid targets. We formulate a method by which dielectronic recombination can be included in average–atom calculations without conflict with the principle of detailed balance. The essential new feature in this extended average atom model is a treatment of strong correlations of electron populations induced by the dielectronic attachment process.

Strong correlations and new phases in an exciton - polariton system; the polariton laser

2009 ◽  
Vol 179 (3) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yurii E. Lozovik
Keyword(s):  
Strong Correlations

Study of Aerodynamical Behavior of Suspension Footbridges against Wind Load

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Andrzej Flaga ◽  
G. Bosak ◽  
T. Michalowski
Keyword(s):  
Wind Load

Intrinsic Characteristics of Quasars Redshifts

2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 655-661
Author(s):  
Waleed Elsanhoury
Keyword(s):  
Absolute Magnitude ◽  
Sloan Digital Sky Survey ◽  
Strong Correlations ◽  
Sky Survey

Using Sloan Digital Sky Survey SDSS catalog, some intrinsic characteristics of Quasars (10,000 points) are developed of these are the strong correlations between redshifts and other parameters, e.g. combined magnitude, luminosity, and absolute magnitude .Moreover ,the Karlsson peak of our sample is also computed.

Propagation of Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii) Seedlings for Restoration of Coastal Protection Forest

2015 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-368
Author(s):  
Naoki Negishi ◽  
Nobuaki Urata ◽  
Katsuhiko Nakahama ◽  
Akiyoshi Kawaoka
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Thunbergii ◽  
Coastal Protection ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Protection Forest ◽  
Japanese Black Pine
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