scholarly journals Fungal Communities Associated with Bark Beetles in Pinus radiata Plantations in Northern Spain Affected by Pine Pitch Canker, with Special Focus on Fusarium Species

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bezos ◽  
Pablo Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Antonio Sanz-Ros ◽  
Jorge Martín-García ◽  
M. Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain

Fusarium spp., as well as other endophytic or pathogenic fungi that form communities, have been reported to be phoretically associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera; Scolytinae) worldwide. This applies to Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O’Donnell, the causal agent of pine pitch canker (PPC), which threatens Pinus radiata D. Don plantations in northern Spain. The main objective of this study was to study the fungal communities associated with bark beetles and their galleries in stands affected by PPC, with special attention given to Fusarium species. Funnel traps and logs were placed in a P. radiata plot known to be affected by F. circinatum. The traps were baited with different attractants: four with (E)-pityol and six with ethanol and α-Pinene. In addition, fresh green shoots with Tomicus piniperda L. feeding galleries were collected from the ground in 25 P. radiata plots affected by PPC. Extracts of whole insects and gallery tissues were plated on agar medium to isolate and identify the associated fungi. A total of 24 different fungal species were isolated from the bark beetle galleries constructed in logs and shoots, while 18 were isolated from the insect exoskeletons. Ten different Fusarium species were isolated from tissue and insects. Fusarium circinatum was isolated from bark beetle exoskeletons (1.05% of the Pityophthorus pubescens Marsham specimens harboured F. circinatum) and from the galleries (3.5% of the T. piniperda feeding galleries harboured the pathogen). The findings provide information about the fungal communities associated with bark beetles in P. radiata stands in northern Spain.

scholarly journals A Comparative Study of the Pathogenicity of Fusarium circinatum and other Fusarium Species in Polish Provenances of P. sylvestris L.

Forests ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 560 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kateryna Davydenko ◽  
Justyna Nowakowska ◽  
Tomasz Kaluski ◽  
Magdalena Gawlak ◽  
Katarzyna Sadowska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Fusarium Species ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Unintentional Introduction ◽  
Different Levels

The fungal pathogen Fusarium circinatum is the causal agent of Pine Pitch Canker (PPC), a disease which seriously affects different species of pine in forests and nurseries worldwide. In Europe, the fungus affects pines in northern Spain and Portugal, and it has also been detected in France and Italy. Here, we report the findings of the first trial investigating the susceptibility of Polish provenances of Scots pine, Pinus sylvestris L., to infection by F. circinatum. In a greenhouse experiment, 16 Polish provenances of Scots pine were artificially inoculated with F. circinatum and with six other Fusarium species known to infect pine seedlings in nurseries. All pines proved highly susceptible to PPC and displayed different levels of susceptibility to the other Fusarium spp. tested. The findings obtained indicate the potentially strong threat of establishment of an invasive pathogen such as F. circinatum following unintentional introduction into Poland.

Ophiostoma species (Ascomycetes: Ophiostomatales) associated with bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) colonizing Pinus radiata in northern Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 756-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Romón ◽  
XuDong Zhou ◽  
Juan Carlos Iturrondobeitia ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Arturo Goldarazena
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
Beetle Species ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Ophiostoma Piceae ◽  
Resource Overlap ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Fungal Associates

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytinae) are known to be associated with fungi, especially species of Ophiostoma sensu lato and Ceratocystis . However, very little is known about these fungi in Spain. In this study, we examined the fungi associated with 13 bark beetle species and one weevil (Coleoptera: Entiminae) infesting Pinus radiata in the Basque Country of northern Spain. This study included an examination of 1323 bark beetles or their galleries in P. radiata. Isolations yielded a total of 920 cultures, which included 16 species of Ophiostoma sensu lato or their asexual states. These 16 species included 69 associations between fungi and bark beetles and weevils that have not previously been recorded. The most commonly encountered fungal associates of the bark beetles were Ophiostoma ips , Leptographium guttulatum , Ophiostoma stenoceras , and Ophiostoma piceae . In most cases, the niche of colonization had a significant effect on the abundance and composition of colonizing fungi. This confirms that resource overlap between species is reduced by partial spatial segregation. Interaction between niche and time seldom had a significant effect, which suggests that spatial colonization patterns are rarely flexible throughout timber degradation. The differences in common associates among the bark beetle species could be linked to the different niches that these beetles occupy.

scholarly journals Outbreak of Pitch Canker Caused by Fusarium circinatum on Pinus spp. in Northern Spain

Plant Disease ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 89 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Landeras ◽  
P. García ◽  
Y. Fernández ◽  
M. Braña ◽  
O. Fernández-Alonso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intergenic Spacer ◽  
Morphological Identification ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Centraalbureau Voor ◽  
Canker Disease ◽  
Intergenic Spacer Region ◽  
Appl Environ ◽  
Pinus Spp

During the winter of 2003-2004, dieback symptoms were observed on Pinus radiata and P. pinaster in pine nurseries in Asturias (northern Spain). Small groups of affected seedlings appeared randomly distributed throughout the nurseries. The seedlings died rapidly, showing basal needle dieback, stem lesions, resin exudations, and wilting. Isolations from infected material onto potato dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 0.5 mg/ml of streptomycin sulfate and Komada's medium consistently yielded Fusarium sp. cultures. The isolates were transferred to PDA and Spezieller Nährstoffarmer agar and incubated at 25°C for 10 days with a 12-h photoperiod. The cultures were identified as Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg & O'Donnell (= Fusarium subglutinans Wollenweb. & Reinking), causal agent of pitch canker disease, on basis of the presence of polyphialides and characteristic sterile, coiled, hyphae (2). To further confirm their identity, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) based on histone H3 gene sequences (4) and a test based on the F. circinatum-specific primers, CIRC1A-CIRC4A, which amplifies a 360-bp DNA fragment of the intergenic spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal operon (3), were used. Results obtained with both techniques confirmed the morphological identification of the cultures. A representative culture has been placed in the Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (CBS 117843). The pathogen was isolated only from seedlings of P. radiata and P. pinaster. Other species such as P. nigra, P. sylvestris, and Pseudotsuga menziesii, which were also grown in these nurseries, did not show symptoms. Pathogenicity was confirmed by inoculating 6- to 9-month-old P. radiata and P. pinaster seedlings. Small strips of bark (10 × 1 mm) were cut from the stems and similar sized pieces of PDA colonized by F. circinatum were placed in contact with the open wounds and covered with parafilm. Basal needle dieback was observed 10 days after inoculation that resulted in wilting of the seedlings. F. circinatum was reisolated from the affected stems fulfilling Koch's postulates. Later in the year, symptoms of pitch canker were also observed on 20-year-old P. radiata in one forest plantation in Cantabria (northern Spain). Infected branches and shoots of the trees exudated abundant resin, resulting in resinous cankers. The needles, distal to branch tip infections, wilt, fade to yellow then red, and fall from the tree. Affected trees showed noticeable crown dieback. The isolations from the cankers also yielded F. circinatum cultures that were identified as described above. Although a nonrefereed report appeared in 1998 (1), to our knowledge, this is the first report of F. circinatum on P. radiata and P. pinaster in Spain and in Europe. References: (1) L. D. Dwinell et al. Int. Congr. Plant Pathol. 7th. 3:9, 1998. (2) H. I. Nirenberg and K. O'Donnell. Mycologia 90:434, 1998. (3) W. Schweigkofler et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 70:3512, 2004. (4) E. T. Steenkamp et al. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:3401, 1999.

scholarly journals A comparative characteristic of fungal communities associated with Ips acuminatus in different regions of Ukraine

2019 ◽  
pp. 118-128
Author(s):  
Kateryna Davydenko
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Fungal Community ◽  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Comparative Characteristic ◽  
Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Sphaeropsis Sapinea

Pine bark beetles are typically associated with complexes of fungi that could reveal different functional interaction. Thus, previously nonaggressive bark beetle Ips acuminatus is considering now to be among the most serious pests of pine forest in Ukraine and other European countries and vectored fungal community is very important to assess total harm of this bark beetle. The aim of this study was to reveal the vectored fungal community associated with the pine engraver beetle, I. acuminatus with special emphasis on pathogenic fungi for further evaluation of harm bark-beetle - fungi association for Ukrainian forest. In total, 288 adult beetles were collected from Scots pine trees at six different sites through Ukraine. DNA sequencing as fungal culturing from all beetles resulted in 1681 isolates and amplicons representing 42 fungal taxa. NCBI BLAST search revealed that the overall fungal community was composed of 94 species, of which 80.85% were Ascomycota, followed by Basidiomycota and unidentified fungal group, which accounted for 10.6% and 8.5 % of the total sequences, respectively. Among these, the most commonly detected fungi for pooling dataset were Sphaeropsis sapinea (23.6%), Cladosporium pini-ponderosae (19.44%), Ophiostoma ips (19.1%), Ophiostoma canum (19.1%) and Cladobotryum mycophilum (18.06%). In the pooled dataset of isolates and amplicons for each site, Shannon diversity indices ranged between 1.9 and 2.9 while Simpson diversity index varied between 0.69 and 0.89 indicating rich species diversity. In total twelve ophiostomatoid species were detected. All ophiostomatoid fungi were showing varying degrees of virulence and O. minus was the most aggressive fungus in previous studies. It is concluded that I. acuminatus vectors a species-rich fungal community including pathogens such as ophiostomatoid fungi, Sphaeropsis sapinea, different needle pathogens and wood decay fungi that seems to be very important for the assessment of threat of I. acuminatus to the pine forest in Ukraine.

scholarly journals Quantitative Association of Bark Beetles with Pitch Canker Fungus and Effects of Verbenone on Their Semiochemical Communication in Monterey Pine Forests in Northern Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Romón ◽  
Juan Carlos Iturrondobeitia ◽  
Ken Gibson ◽  
B. Staffan Lindgren ◽  
Arturo Goldarazena
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Monterey Pine

scholarly journals Herbaceous plants in the understory of a pitch canker-affected Pinus radiata plantation are endophytically infected with Fusarium circinatum

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 65-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hernandez-Escribano ◽  
E. Iturritxa ◽  
M. Elvira-Recuenco ◽  
M. Berbegal ◽  
J.A. Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Herbaceous Plants ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum

Association levels between Pityophthorus pubescens and Fusarium circinatum in pitch canker disease affected plantations in northern Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Bezos ◽  
Pablo Martínez-Álvarez ◽  
Julio J. Diez ◽  
Mercedes Fernández
Keyword(s):  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Canker Disease

Evidence for the occurrence of induced resistance to pitch canker, caused by Gibberella circinata (anamorph Fusarium circinatum), in populations of Pinus radiata

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 227-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. R. Gordon ◽  
S. C. Kirkpatrick ◽  
B. J. Aegerter ◽  
A. J. Fisher ◽  
A. J. Storer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Induced Resistance ◽  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Gibberella Circinata

Quantitative Association of Bark Beetles with Pitch Canker Fungus and Effects of Verbenone on Their Semiochemical Communication in Monterey Pine Forests in Northern Spain

2007 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Romón ◽  
Juan Carlos Iturrondobeitia ◽  
Ken Gibson ◽  
B. Staffan Lindgren ◽  
Arturo Goldarazena
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Pine Forests ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Monterey Pine

Effects of pitch canker pathogen on gallery excavation and oviposition by Ips paraconfusus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

2002 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 519-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Storer ◽  
David L. Wood ◽  
Thomas R. Gordon
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Radiata ◽  
Ips Paraconfusus ◽  
Multiple Infections ◽  
Pitch Canker ◽  
Fusarium Circinatum ◽  
Monterey Pine ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Canker Pathogen ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Mean

AbstractIps paraconfusus Lanier is a vector of the pitch canker fungus, Fusarium circinatum Nirenberg and O’Donnell, in California. Multiple infections of Monterey pine, Pinus radiata D. Don. (Pinaceae), branches and main stems appear to predispose trees to infestation by I. paraconfusus. The effect of cankers produced in response to F. circinatum on oviposition and gallery construction was investigated. Introduction of beetles into artificially induced or naturally occurring cankers was less likely to result in oviposition and resulted in shorter galleries than introductions into logs without cankers. Of all adults that produced eggs, the mean number of eggs per adult was no different in logs with cankers than in canker-free logs; however, the distance across the grain from the introduction point to the first egg was greater for adults introduced into cankers than for adults introduced away from cankers. These results indicate that the pitch canker pathogen has a negative effect on I. paraconfusus, as cankers produced in response to the pathogen are unsuitable for exploitation by the insect.

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