scholarly journals Distributed Hybrid Double-Spending Attack Prevention Mechanism for Proof-of-Work and Proof-of-Stake Blockchain Consensuses

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 285
Author(s):  
Nur Arifin Akbar ◽  
Amgad Muneer ◽  
Narmine ElHakim ◽  
Suliman Mohamed Fati
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Hybrid Algorithm ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Mechanisms ◽  
Sustainable Technology ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Byzantine Fault ◽  
High Level

Blockchain technology is a sustainable technology that offers a high level of security for many industrial applications. Blockchain has numerous benefits, such as decentralisation, immutability and tamper-proofing. Blockchain is composed of two processes, namely, mining (the process of adding a new block or transaction to the global public ledger created by the previous block) and validation (the process of validating the new block added). Several consensus protocols have been introduced to validate blockchain transactions, Proof-of-Work (PoW) and Proof-of-Stake (PoS), which are crucial to cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. However, these consensus protocols are vulnerable to double-spending attacks. Amongst these attacks, the 51% attack is the most prominent because it involves forking a blockchain to conduct double spending. Many attempts have been made to solve this issue, and examples include delayed proof-of-work (PoW) and several Byzantine fault tolerance mechanisms. These attempts, however, suffer from delay issues and unsorted block sequences. This study proposes a hybrid algorithm that combines PoS and PoW mechanisms to provide a fair mining reward to the miner/validator by conducting forking to combine PoW and PoS consensuses. As demonstrated by the experimental results, the proposed algorithm can reduce the possibility of intruders performing double mining because it requires achieving 100% dominance in the network, which is impossible.

scholarly journals Challenges of PBFT-Inspired Consensus for Blockchain and Enhancements over Neo dBFT

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Igor M. Coelho ◽  
Vitor N. Coelho ◽  
Rodolfo P. Araujo ◽  
Wang Yong Qiang ◽  
Brett D. Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Distributed Consensus ◽  
Mathematical Proofs ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Byzantine Fault ◽  
Core Feature ◽  
History Of ◽  
System Robustness ◽  
Novel Design

Consensus mechanisms are a core feature for handling negotiation and agreements. Blockchain technology has seen the introduction of different sorts of consensus mechanism, ranging from tasks of heavy computation to the subtle mathematical proofs of Byzantine agreements. This paper presents the pioneer Delegated Byzantine Fault Tolerance (dBFT) protocol of Neo Blockchain, which was inspired by the Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT). Besides introducing its history, this study describes proofs and didactic examples, as well as novel design and extensions for Neo dBFT with multiple block proposals. Finally, we discuss challenges when dealing with strong Byzantine adversaries, and propose solutions inspired on PBFT for current weak-synchrony problems and increasing system robustness against attacks. Key Contribution: Presents an overview of the history of PBFT-inspired consensus for blockchain, highlighting its current importance on the literature, challenges and assumptions. Contributes to the field of Distributed Consensus, proposing novel extensions for the Neo dBFT (dBFT 2.0+, dBFT 3.0 and dBFT 3.0+), with new insights on innovative consensus mechanisms.

Reputation Based Fault Tolerance in Blockchain Networks

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 2402-2404
Author(s):  
G. Subathra ◽  
A. Antonidoss
Keyword(s):  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Computational Cost ◽  
Data Consistency ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Consensus Protocol ◽  
Malicious Attack ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Byzantine Fault ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Frame Work

The Blockchain technology brings a rapid growth in the industry, It emphasizes the service to lead the complexity of software and malicious attack in the network. This technology is used to monitor the highly vulnerable services and it is used to increase the complexity of the warehouse data. It assures the security and consistency of data, The warehouse data has been replicated the availability and the enhancement of security in the services. This technology originated from internet sector as a decentralized, distributed ledger for data transaction. Nowadays, it is visualised as a backbone or frame work for decentralized data processing in open source network. Blockchain uses variety of consensus protocol which is reliable for nodes and communication resources that is used for data consistency. Byzantine fault tolerance algorithm has been proposed for computational cost and security also for consensus efficiency. This paper deals by proposing practical byzantine fault tolerance on edge computing networks paves away for reducing storage overhead also security purpose on edge devices. The proposed model is simulated in the constrain environment and the results are discussed. It shows that the proposed method has increase the availability and security of the stored data.

Concurrent Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance for Integration of Blockchain and Supply Chain

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaolong Xu ◽  
Dawei Zhu ◽  
Xiaoxian Yang ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
Lianyong Qi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Fault Tolerance ◽  
Byzantine Fault Tolerance ◽  
Byzantine Fault

scholarly journals Multi-Sensor Fusion for Aerial Robots in Industrial GNSS-Denied Environments

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 3921
Author(s):  
Paloma Carrasco ◽  
Francisco Cuesta ◽  
Rafael Caballero ◽  
Francisco J. Perez-Grau ◽  
Antidio Viguria
Keyword(s):  
Sensor Fusion ◽  
Computational Efficiency ◽  
Probabilistic Approach ◽  
Laser Scanner ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Aerial Robots ◽  
3D Localization ◽  
High Level

The use of unmanned aerial robots has increased exponentially in recent years, and the relevance of industrial applications in environments with degraded satellite signals is rising. This article presents a solution for the 3D localization of aerial robots in such environments. In order to truly use these versatile platforms for added-value cases in these scenarios, a high level of reliability is required. Hence, the proposed solution is based on a probabilistic approach that makes use of a 3D laser scanner, radio sensors, a previously built map of the environment and input odometry, to obtain pose estimations that are computed onboard the aerial platform. Experimental results show the feasibility of the approach in terms of accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency.

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