scholarly journals Hydrology and Cranes (Grus grus) Attraction Partnership in the Management of the Hula Valley—Lake Kinneret Landscape

Hydrology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 114
Author(s):  
Moshe Gophen
Keyword(s):  
Shallow Lake ◽  
Lake Kinneret ◽  
Soil Reclamation ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Phosphorus Pollution ◽  
Corn Seed ◽  
Hula Valley ◽  
Grus Grus ◽  
A Minor

The Hula Valley in northern Israel was partly covered by swamps and a shallow lake. The entire valley was drained and converted for agricultural cultivation. Later, an additional soil reclamation operation was implemented, including eco-tourism. From the early 1990s, winter migratory cranes have attracted visitors, thus supporting the hydrological management of the entire valley that protects the downstream Lake Kinneret. It was documented that these birds have a minor impact on phosphorus pollution, but severely damaged agricultural crops are protected by mild deportation and daily, short, periodical corn seed feeding.

scholarly journals Climate Change Controls Phosphorus Transport from the Watershed into Lake Kinneret (Israel)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moshe Gophen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Lake Kinneret ◽  
Phosphorus Transport ◽  
Efficient Management ◽  
Hula Valley ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
The Impact

AbstractPart of the Kinneret watershed, the Hula Valley, was modified from wetlands – shallow lake for agricultural cultivation. Enhancement of nutrient fluxes into Lake Kinneret was predicted. Therefore, a reclamation project was implemented and eco-tourism partly replaced agriculture. Since the mid-1980s, regional climate change has been documented. Statistical evaluation of long-term records of TP (Total Phosphorus) concentrations in headwaters and potential resources in the Hula Valley was carried out to identify efficient management design targets. Significant correlation between major headwater river discharge and TP concentration was indicated, whilst the impact of external fertilizer loads and 50,000 winter migratory cranes was probably negligible. Nevertheless, confirmed severe bdamage to agricultural crops carried out by cranes led to their maximal deportation and optimization of their feeding policy. Consequently, the continuation of the present management is recommended.

The Hula project: N and P dynamics in Lake Agmon and pollutants removal from the Kinneret inputs

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 117-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Gophen
Keyword(s):  
Potential Effect ◽  
Lake Kinneret ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Land Owners ◽  
Hula Valley ◽  
Lake Agmon ◽  
Nutrient Influx ◽  
Agricultural Use ◽  
Reclamation Project ◽  
Pollutants Removal

During the 1950s the natural Lake Hula and swamps were dried and more than 65×106 m2 of wetland area with a unique natural composition of fauna and flora was turned over to agricultural use. Forty five years later 5.5×106 m2 of this area went through processes causing soil deterioration and a reclamation project was proposed for these soils. The proposal was implemented aimed at ensuring income resource to the land owners and to remove pollutants from the Lake Kinneret inputs. It was found that the newly created (1994) Lake Agmon is acting as a nitrogen sink and the phosphorus is recycled by submerged macrophytes. Long term records of nutrient influx from the catchment (with Hula Valley being major contributor) into Lake Kinneret indicates a decline of organic nitrogen and an increase of SRP. The potential effect of nutrient loads reduction by the Hula Project is presented.

scholarly journals Effects of Climate Conditions on TP Outsourcing in Lake Kinneret (Israel)

Climate ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 142
Author(s):  
Moshe Gophen
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Peat Soil ◽  
Lake Kinneret ◽  
Runoff Water ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Hula Valley ◽  
Natural Wetlands

Since the mid-1980s, significant changes in climate conditions have occurred, and trends of dryness in the Kinneret drainage basin have been documented, including a temperature increase and precipitation decline. The precipitation decline, and consequently the reduction in river discharge, resulted in a decrease in TP (total phosphorus) flux into Lake Kinneret. After the drainage of the Hula natural wetlands and old Lake Hula during the 1950s, the ecological characteristics of the Hula Valley were modified. Nutrient fluxes downstream into Lake Kinneret were therefore predicted. The impacts of climate conditions (precipitation and discharge) on TP (total phosphorus) outsourcing through erosive action are significant: higher and lower discharge enhances and reduces TP load, respectively. The total TP flushing range from the Hula Valley peat soil through the subterranean medium and where TP is directed are not precisely known but are probably outside Lake Kinneret. Most runoff water and mediated TP originates from bedrock through erosive action. Long-term records of TP concentrations in headwaters and potential resources in the Hula Valley confirmed the significant influence of climate conditions on the outsourcing of TP capacity. The impacts of agricultural development, external fertilizer loads and migratory cranes in the winter are probably insignificant.

Rating Post-Operative Backs (Part I)

1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
James B. Talmage
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Stenosis ◽  
Foot Drop ◽  
Neurogenic Claudication ◽  
Root Damage ◽  
Fourth Edition ◽  
Minor Strain ◽  
Injury Model ◽  
Strain Type ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Anterior Tibialis

Abstract The AMA Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment, Fourth Edition, uses the Injury Model to rate impairment in people who have experienced back injuries. Injured individuals who have not required surgery can be rated using differentiators. Challenges arise when assessing patients whose injuries have been treated surgically before the patient is rated for impairment. This article discusses five of the most common situations: 1) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has had an injury resulting in sciatica and who has been treated surgically, either with chemonucleolysis or with discectomy? 2) What is the impairment rating for an individual who has a back strain and is operated on without reasonable indications? 3) What is the impairment rating of an individual with sciatica and a foot drop (major anterior tibialis weakness) from L5 root damage? 4) What is the rating for an individual who is injured, has true radiculopathy, undergoes a discectomy, and is rated as Category III but later has another injury and, ultimately, a second disc operation? 5) What is the impairment rating for an older individual who was asymptomatic until a minor strain-type injury but subsequently has neurogenic claudication with severe surgical spinal stenosis on MRI/myelography? [Continued in the September/October 1997 The Guides Newsletter]

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