scholarly journals Beyond Binary: (Re)Defining “Gender” for 21st Century Disaster Risk Reduction Research, Policy, and Practice

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashleigh Rushton ◽  
Lesley Gray ◽  
Justin Canty ◽  
Kevin Blanchard
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Journal Articles ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Clear Differentiation ◽  
And Gender

The dominant discourse of gender focuses on the binary of woman/man, despite the known additional risks for diverse sexualities and gender minorities in disasters. Given the small but growing body of literature concerning gender minorities in disasters, this paper sets out to explore the place of sex and gender minorities in disasters and to examine whether a binary definition needs to be extended. A five-stage rapid review was undertaken following Arksey and O’Malley’s method. Peer-reviewed journal articles in English language were sought that included disaster and gender terms in the title, abstract, and/or body of the article published between January 2015 and March 2019. The search included MEDLINE and Scopus databases. Relevant information from the studies were charted in Microsoft Excel, and results were summarized using a descriptive analytical method. In total, 729 records were identified; 248 that did not meet the inclusion criteria were excluded and 166 duplicates were removed. A total of 315 records were sourced and their full text was reviewed. Of those, only 12 journal articles included content relative to more than two genders. We also recognized that sex and gender terms were used interchangeably with no clear differentiation between the two. We recommend that disaster scholars and practitioners adopt correct terminology and expand their definition of gender beyond the binary; utilize work on gender fluidity and diversity; and apply this to disaster research, policy, and practice.

Poverty in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, and two-spirit (LGBTQ2S+) populations in Canada: an intersectional review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Kia ◽  
Jenna MacKay ◽  
Lori E. Ross ◽  
Margaret Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Research Policy ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Canadian Data ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Indigenous Groups ◽  
Two Spirit ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Material Conditions

Despite the prominence of poverty in lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, two-spirit, and other sexual and gender minorities (LGBTQ2S+) in Canada, studies that centre the material conditions of these groups as sites of inquiry remain scant. Accordingly, in this paper we present an intersectional narrative review of the limited Canadian literature on LGBTQ2S+ poverty. We examine 39 studies, published between 2000 and 2018, that report Canadian data on poverty in LGBTQ2S+ youth, older adults, racial minorities and Indigenous groups. We highlight intersectional differences reflected across these axes of social location, and consider research, policy and practice implications of our analysis.

scholarly journals Improving mental health and wellbeing among sexual and gender minorities using digital interventions: a systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Tasnim ◽  
Nusrat Fahmida Trisha ◽  
Qiping Fan ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
Shayla Haque Mishu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Minorities ◽  
English Language ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
And Gender

Background:High burden of mental disorders among sexual minorities including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population is well documented. Digital platforms are increasingly being used by sexual minorities to communicate with each other, but there is no systematic review of digital interventions that can improve mental health among sexual minorities. This systematic review identified and evaluated the digital interventions for mental health among different sexual minorities.Methodology:We searched literature from six major databases and included studies published in the English language, describing interventions that have a component to improve mental health among any of the sexual minorities delivered through any of the digital platforms, and reporting mental health outcomes.Results:Among 1936 citations, only 11 studies fulfilled our criteria. In those studies, most (n=9) interventions were implemented in the U.S. The interventions included varying components including on increasing acceptance and affirmation, increase social support and health education, cognitive behavioral therapy to manage stress, depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. Only 6 studies had randomized control design. Most of the studies reported reduction in bi/homonegativity and increased affirmation, decreased smoking and substance abuse, improved coping skills, reduced level of depression, anxiety, and stress among participants in the intervention groups.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that evaluated digital intervention for mental health among sexual and gender minorities. Despite a low number of studies and heterogeneity across studies, the findings suggest potential improvements in mental health among sexual and gender minorities using digital interventions.

scholarly journals A rapid review of gender, sex, and sexual orientation documentation in electronic health records

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 1774-1783 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis Lau ◽  
Marcy Antonio ◽  
Kelly Davison ◽  
Roz Queen ◽  
Aaron Devor
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Objective The lack of precise and inclusive gender, sex, and sexual orientation (GSSO) data in electronic health records (EHRs) is perpetuating inequities of sexual and gender minorities (SGM). We conducted a rapid review on how GSSO documentation in EHRs should be modernized to improve the health of SGM. Materials and Methods We searched MEDLINE from 2015 to 2020 with terms for gender, sex, sexual orientation, and electronic health/medical records. Only literature reviews, primary studies, and commentaries from peer-reviewed journals in English were included. Two researchers screened citations and reviewed articles with help from a third to reach consensus. Covidence, Excel, and Atlas-TI were used to track articles, extract data, and synthesize findings, respectively. Results Thirty-five articles were included. The 5 themes to modernize GSSO documentation in EHRs were (1) creating an inclusive, culturally competent environment with precise terminology and standardized data collection; (2) refining guidelines for identifying and matching SGM patients with their care needs; (3) improving patient-provider relationships by addressing patient rights and provider competencies; (4) recognizing techno-socio-organizational aspects when implementing GSSO in EHRs; and (5) addressing invisibility of SGM by expanding GSSO research. Conclusions The literature on GSSO documentation in EHRs is expanding. While this trend is encouraging, there are still knowledge gaps and practical challenges to enabling meaningful changes, such as organizational commitments to ensure affirming environments, and coordinated efforts to address technical, organizational, and social aspects of modernizing GSSO documentation. The adoption of an inclusive EHR to meet SGM needs is a journey that will evolve over time.

scholarly journals Current Trends in Gender Conceptualization and Their Reflection in English Learner’s Dictionaries

2020 ◽  
pp. 22-51
Author(s):  
Elena S. Gritsenko ◽  
◽  
Marina V. Sergeyeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
English Language ◽  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Semantic Interpretation ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Advanced Learners ◽  
Social Transformations ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this article is to identify how modern English-language dictionaries reflect the recent shift in the conceptualization and categorization of gender caused by the changes in gender theory, gender ideology and social transformations. The need to address this topic is driven by the fact that, in the Anglophone academic discourse and everyday life, the binary structure of the gender is no longer considered the norm and gender-neutral communication practices are gaining in scale. The study focuses on various structural components of entries from the latest editions of five major British dictionaries for EFL students (‘the Big Five’): Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (OALD), Cambridge Learner’s Dictionary (CLD), Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English (LDOCE), Macmillan English Dictionary for Advanced Learners (MEDAL), and Collins English Dictionary (CED). To identify the shifts in the recording of gender relevant information, the authors analyzed the headwords of dictionary entries, definitions, illustrative examples, gender relevant usage notes, and non-sexist language guidelines. Illustrative examples were also selected from dictionary entries thematically related to issues of family, marriage and sexual relations, as well as to the topics of discrimination, debate, (in)tolerance, and prejudice. The authors used definitional analysis and semantic interpretation to achieve the aim. The findings were then compared with the results of an earlier study on the construction of gender in the first (1948) and fifth (2005) editions of OALD. The study demonstrates that in modern lexicography deconstruction of gender stereotypes has become even more pronounced than in the dictionaries published at the beginning of the century. Different elements of dictionary entries emphasize such issues as women’s rights campaigning and elimination of gender discrimination in all its forms. New types of masculinity are represented in various entry components. The ideas of gender fluidity and same-sex relations have become much more prominent than in the 2000s. Along with recording traditional gender representations, modern dictionaries tend to consistently avoid the implications of heteronormativity and heterosexuality by recognizing multiple gender identities. This tendency is registered in all structural components of the analyzed dictionaries. New types of communicative practices that stem from the changes in gender conceptualization, such as ‘preferred pronouns’ and others, are reflected in illustrative examples and by the new coinages used as headwords. The major trends affecting the way gender ideology is reflected in modern dictionaries include digitalization of lexicographic practices, increased role of corpora as a source of illustrative examples, and democratization of dictionary making process by registering new coinages, particularly gender relevant ones, submitted by the users.

Ensuring Equity and Excellence for English Learners: An Annotated Bibliography for Research, Policy, and Practice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
English Learners ◽  
Performing Arts ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Policy ◽  
Journal Article ◽  
Annotated Bibliography ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
Social Emotional Development ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Additional Information

Leveraging Equity and Excellence for English Learners: An Annotated Bibliography is comprised of 320 annotations from both recent and seminal literature (released between 1992–2021) that have significant implications for research, policy, and practice for English learner (EL) linguistic, social, and academic achievement. This annotated bibliography serves as a resource for researchers, policymakers, educators, and advocates who are working for equity and excellence for ELs. The authors provide a comprehensive selection of works focused on theory, research, and practice. The annotations are a result of purposeful searches of 23 topics in empirical and theoretical articles from peer-reviewed journals, books, book chapters, and reports from leading scholars in the field. Among the topics addressed relevant to EL education are broad areas such as: bilingual teacher preparation, teaching and professional development, university partnerships, digital learning, social emotional development, culturally sustaining pedagogy, and English Language Development (ELD) for elementary and secondary level students. The Integrated ELD (content instruction) topic is subcategorized according to specific disciplines including: English language arts, history, mathematics, science, visual & performing arts, and STEM. In order to provide additional information for readers, each annotation includes: (1) the source description (e.g., book, journal article, report), (2) type of source (e.g., empirical, guidance, theoretical), and (3) keywords.

The Ethics of Studying the Origins of Sexual Orientation and Gender Identification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Orientation ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Gender Identification ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minorities ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Gender Variant ◽  
Gender Minorities ◽  
Sexual Orientations ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Strong Claim

Research has a complicated and problematic history when it comes to the study of sexual and gender minorities (SGMs). Some past researchers exerted a great deal of effort, for example, to identify ways to treat people for homosexuality and to prevent the emergence of same-sex sexual interests. The same approach has prevailed with regard to the study of gender-variant people, namely those people who express a gender at odds with the gender socially expected of them as a matter of body type. Reconceptualizing the nature of sexual orientations and gender in more inclusive ways has led to significant changes in research involving sexual gender minorities, for both adults and minors. As a way of protecting SGMs from the effect of historical misunderstanding and possible misuse of research, some commentators have called for bans against the study of the origins of sexual orientation and gender identification and/or against the study of interventions that could modify sexual orientation or gender. It is unclear that absolute bans on these kinds of research are entirely defensible philosophically, but it is also important to frame research programs and priorities in line with the requirements of social justice. One can argue that research important to the welfare of sex and gender minorities has a strong claim to moral priority and support as a matter of status equality. This chapter will review and evaluate criticism of study of the origins of sexual and gender identification and make the case for framing research agendas in a way that serves status equality for SGMs.

Sex and Gender: The Challenges for Epidemiologists

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 569-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley Doyal
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equity ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Conceptual Confusion

Gender issues are now receiving more attention on global and national health agendas. However, the evidence base for policy and practice in this area remains limited and conceptual confusion is still common. This article reviews the challenges facing epidemiologists and other researchers who aim to make their work more “gender sensitive.” It begins by exploring the concepts of biological “sex” and social “gender” and assesses their implications for the health of both women and men. It then reviews a range of strategies for mainstreaming sex and gender into health research. The article concludes with brief comments on the links between gender equity and wider equality concerns.

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