scholarly journals Regional Temperature-Sensitive Diseases and Attributable Fractions in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 184
Author(s):  
Xuemei Su ◽  
Yibin Cheng ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
Yue Liu ◽  
Na Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Attributable Fraction ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Climate Zones ◽  
Attributable Fractions ◽  
Regional Temperature ◽  
Study Sites

Few studies have been carried out to systematically screen regional temperature-sensitive diseases. This study was aimed at systematically and comprehensively screening both high- and low-temperature-sensitive diseases by using mortality data from 17 study sites in China located in temperate and subtropical climate zones. The distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) was applied to quantify the association between extreme temperature and mortality to screen temperature-sensitive diseases from 18 kinds of diseases of eight disease systems. The attributable fractions (AFs) of sensitive diseases were calculated to assess the mortality burden attributable to high and low temperatures. A total of 1,380,713 records of all-cause deaths were involved. The results indicate that injuries, nervous, circulatory and respiratory diseases are sensitive to heat, with the attributable fraction accounting for 6.5%, 4.2%, 3.9% and 1.85%, respectively. Respiratory and circulatory diseases are sensitive to cold temperature, with the attributable fraction accounting for 13.3% and 11.8%, respectively. Most of the high- and low-temperature-sensitive diseases seem to have higher relative risk in study sites located in subtropical zones than in temperate zones. However, the attributable fractions for mortality of heat-related injuries were higher in temperate zones. The results of this research provide epidemiological evidence of the relative burden of mortality across two climate zones in China.

scholarly journals The Mortality Risk and Socioeconomic Vulnerability Associated with High and Low Temperature in Hong Kong

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 7326
Author(s):  
Sida Liu ◽  
Emily Yang Ying Chan ◽  
William Bernard Goggins ◽  
Zhe Huang
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Subtropical Climate ◽  
Socioeconomic Vulnerability ◽  
Death Registry

(1) Background: The adverse health effect associated with extreme temperature has been extensively reported in the current literature. Some also found that temperature effect may vary among the population with different socioeconomic status (SES), but found inconsistent results. Previous studies on the socioeconomic vulnerability of temperature effect were mainly achieved by multi-city or country analysis, but the large heterogeneity between cities may introduce additional bias to the estimation. The linkage between death registry and census in Hong Kong allows us to perform a city-wide analysis in which the study population shares virtually the same cultural, lifestyle and policy environment. This study aims to examine and compare the high and low temperature on morality in Hong Kong, a city with a subtropical climate and address a key research question of whether the extreme high and low temperature disproportionally affects population with lower SES. (2) Methods: Poisson-generalized additive models and distributed-lagged nonlinear models were used to examine the association between daily mortality and daily mean temperature between 2007–2015 with other meteorological and confounding factors controlled. Death registry was linked with small area census and area-level median household income was used as the proxy for socioeconomic status. (3) Results: 362,957 deaths during the study period were included in the analysis. The minimum mortality temperature was found to be 28.9 °C (82nd percentile). With a subtropical climate, the low temperature has a stronger effect than the high temperature on non-accidental, cardiovascular, respiratory and cancer deaths in Hong Kong. The hot effect was more pronounced in the first few days, while cold effect tended to last up to three weeks. Significant heat effect was only observed in the lower SES groups, whilst the extreme low temperature was associated with significantly higher mortality risk across all SES groups. The older population were susceptible to extreme temperature, especially for cold. (4) Conclusions: This study raised the concern of cold-related health impact in the subtropical region. Compared with high temperature, low temperature may be considered a universal hazard to the entire population in Hong Kong rather than only disproportionally affecting people with lower SES. Future public health policy should reconsider the strategy at both individual and community levels to reduce temperature-related mortality.

scholarly journals Efforts towards a low-temperature-sensitive physics package for vapor cell atomic clocks

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Hao ◽  
Wenxiang Xue ◽  
Feng Xu ◽  
Kemu Wang ◽  
Peter Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Atomic Clocks ◽  
Vapor Cell

Development of low temperature curing, 120°C, durable, corrosion protection powder coatings for temperature sensitive substrates

2005 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 661-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
Glen Merfeld ◽  
Steve Mordhorst ◽  
Rainer Koeniger ◽  
A. Ersin Acar ◽  
Chris Molaison ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Protection ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Powder Coatings

Cytogenetic Analyses of PSL1 Mutant, a Novel Low‐Temperature‐Sensitive Purple‐Striped Leaf Color Mutant in Wheat

Crop Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 1919-1931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cong Liu ◽  
Narong Shi ◽  
Huiyu Wu ◽  
Xuyao An ◽  
Jinjuan Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Leaf Color ◽  
Color Mutant ◽  
Cytogenetic Analyses ◽  
Leaf Color Mutant

Low-temperature vulcanizable chloroprene rubber–bromobutyl rubber blend for encapsulation of undersea sensors: Nonconventional cure systems and reaction kinetics

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 322-336
Author(s):  
PN Mohanadas ◽  
T Mukundan ◽  
T Santhanakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Reaction Kinetics ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Encapsulation Process ◽  
Red Lead ◽  
Chloroprene Rubber ◽  
Cure Temperature

Blends of chloroprene rubber (CR) and bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) are used in making the undersea sensors watertight by a process of encapsulation. The encapsulation process is conventionally done at high temperature approximately 150°C and above using high-temperature vulcanization (HTV). However, the new class of acoustic sensors like polyvinilidenefluride (PVDF) and thin film PZT are highly temperature sensitive and fragile in nature and hence they require low-temperature vulcanization (LTV) process to avoid damages and protect their full functionalities. However, conventional cure systems are not adoptable in LTV process and hence there is a need for the search of alternate cure systems. Not much work has been reported in this area. This article reports a nonconventional cure system vulcanizable with LTV and the associated reaction kinetics for a commonly used CR–BIIR blend for encapsulation of undersea sensors. Formulations have been attempted with cure systems based on red lead (Pb3O4) and zinc oxide (ZnO) for CR–BIIR blend in 80:20 weight ratio, instead of zinc oxide, magnesium oxide, and ethylene thiourea system, which are conventionally used in HTV. The cure parameters at low temperature between 70°C and 120°C and the activation energy for cure reactions ( E a) were estimated using MDR 2000 rheometer. Essential prerequisites like water resistance, electrical resistivity, and physicomechanical properties for sensor application are qualitatively analyzed for the blend cured at 90°C. The results reveal that the proposed nonconventional cure systems are able to bring down the cure temperature of CR–BIIR blend to 90°C from 150°C enabling the suitability of the materials for undersea sensor encapsulation.

scholarly journals Low Temperature Synthesis of Lithium-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Films with Enhanced Field Electron Emission Properties

Nanomaterials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamatchi Sankaran ◽  
Kalpataru Panda ◽  
Ping-Yen Hsieh ◽  
Paulius Pobedinskas ◽  
Jeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Electron Emission ◽  
High Current Density ◽  
Field Enhancement ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Field Electron Emission ◽  
Nanocrystalline Diamond ◽  
Large Field ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Field Electron

Low temperature (350 °C) grown conductive nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) films were realized by lithium diffusion from Cr-coated lithium niobate substrates (Cr/LNO). The NCD/Cr/LNO films showed a low resistivity of 0.01 Ω·cm and excellent field electron emission characteristics, viz. a low turn-on field of 2.3 V/µm, a high-current density of 11.0 mA/cm2 (at 4.9 V/m), a large field enhancement factor of 1670, and a life-time stability of 445 min (at 3.0 mA/cm2). The low temperature deposition process combined with the excellent electrical characteristics offers a new prospective for applications based on temperature sensitive materials.

The Deposition of Silicon Oxide Films by LPCVD at Temperatures as Low as 100°C from a New Liquid Source

1992 ◽  
Vol 282 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Hochberg ◽  
David A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Oxide Films ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Oxide Layers ◽  
Low Temperature Deposition ◽  
Liquid Source ◽  
Temperature Deposition ◽  
Higher Temperature

ABSTRACTA precursor for the LPCVD of silicon oxide films has been developed that extends the low temperature deposition range to 100°C. The chemical, 1,4 disilabutane (DSB), produces silicon oxide depositions similar to those of the higher temperature silane and diethylsilane (DES) processes. Optimum DSB processes require pressures below 300 mTorr, similar to silane, in contrast to DES pressures above 600 mTorr at 350°C. This results in poorer conformalities than those of DES, but the step coverages are still superior to those from silane oxides. The DSB films are low stress, carbon-free oxide layers that are suitable for temperature-sensitive underlayers and substrates such as photoresist, plastics, GaAs, and HgCdTe.

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