scholarly journals Light Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk of All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality: Findings from the NHIS Cohort Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (14) ◽  
pp. 5122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Qin ◽  
Costan G. Magnussen ◽  
Shengxu Li ◽  
Lyn M Steffen ◽  
Bo Xi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Interview Survey ◽  
Disease Specific Mortality ◽  
Cancer Specific Mortality ◽  
Never Smokers

Very few studies have examined the association between light cigarette smoking (i.e., ≤5 cigarettes per day) and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the association of light cigarette smoking with all-cause and cause-specific mortality among adults in the United States. Data were from 13 waves of the National Health Interview Survey (1997 to 2009) that were linked to the National Death Index records through December 31, 2011. A total of 329,035 participants aged ≥18 years in the United States were included. Deaths were from all cause, cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD) and respiratory disease and were confirmed by death certification. During a median follow-up of 8.2 years, 34,862 participants died, of which 8415 were from cancer, 9031 from CVD, and 2040 from respiratory disease. Compared with never-smokers, participants who smoked 1–2 (hazard ratios (HR) = 1.94, 95%CI = 1.73–2.16) and 3–5 cigarettes (HR = 1.99, 1.83–2.17) per day were at higher risk of all-cause mortality after adjustment for demographic variables, lifestyle factors and physician-diagnosis of chronic disease. The associations were stronger for respiratory disease-specific mortality, followed by cancer-specific mortality and CVD-specific mortality. For example, the HRs (95% CIs) of smoking 1–2 cigarettes per day were 9.75 (6.15–15.46), 2.28 (1.84–2.84) and 1.93 (1.58–2.36), respectively, for these three cause-specific mortalities. This study indicates that light cigarette smoking increases risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality in US adults.

scholarly journals Contemporary Associations of Exclusive Cigarette, Cigar, Pipe, and Smokeless Tobacco Use With Overall and Cause-Specific Mortality in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maki Inoue-Choi ◽  
Meredith S Shiels ◽  
Timothy S McNeel ◽  
Barry I Graubard ◽  
Dorothy Hatsukami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco Use ◽  
Overall Mortality

Abstract Background A growing proportion of tobacco users in the United States use non-cigarette products including cigars, pipes, and smokeless tobacco. Studies examining the disease and mortality risks of these products are urgently needed. Methods We harmonized tobacco use data from 165 335 adults in the 1991, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2005, and 2010 National Health Interview Surveys. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall and cause-specific mortality occurring through December 31, 2015, were estimated by exclusive use of cigarettes, cigars, pipes, or smokeless tobacco using Cox proportional hazards regression with age as the underlying time metric and never tobacco users as the referent group. Results Current use of cigarettes (HR = 2.23, 95% CI = 2.13 to 2.33) and smokeless tobacco (HR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.17 to 1.59) were each associated with overall mortality. Relative to never tobacco users, higher risks were observed both in daily (HR = 2.34, 95% CI = 2.24 to 2.44) and nondaily (HR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.54 to 1.86) cigarette smokers, with associations also observed across major smoking-related causes of death. Daily use of smokeless tobacco was also associated with overall mortality (HR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.20 to 1.66) as was daily use of cigars (HR = 1.52, 95% CI = 1.12 to 2.08). Current smokeless tobacco use was associated with a higher risk of mortality from heart disease and smoking-related cancer, with strong associations observed for cancers of the oral cavity and bladder. Conclusions Exclusive daily use of cigarettes, cigars, and smokeless tobacco was associated with higher mortality risk. Tobacco control efforts should include cigars and smokeless tobacco.

scholarly journals Cannabis Use Is Associated With Increased Risk of Cigarette Smoking Initiation, Persistence, and Relapse Among Adults in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (8) ◽  
pp. 1404-1408 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea H Weinberger ◽  
Cristine D Delnevo ◽  
Katarzyna Wyka ◽  
Misato Gbedemah ◽  
Joun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Smoking Initiation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Smoking Relapse ◽  
Former Smokers ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Smoking Transitions

Abstract Introduction Despite increasing use of cannabis, it is unclear how cannabis use is related to cigarette transitions. This study examined cannabis use and smoking initiation, persistence, and relapse over 1 year among a nationally representative sample of US adults. Methods Data were from US adults (≥18 years) who completed two waves of longitudinal data from the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study (Wave 1, 2013–2014; Wave 2, 2014–2015; n = 26 341). Logistic regression models were used to calculate the risk of Wave 2 incident smoking among Wave 1 never-smokers, smoking cessation among Wave 1 smokers, and smoking relapse among Wave 1 former smokers by Wave 1 cannabis use. Analyses were adjusted for age, gender, race/ethnicity, income, and education. Results Among Wave 1 never-smokers, cannabis use was associated with increased odds of initiation of nondaily (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.50, 95% confidence limits [CL] = 4.02–7.55) and daily cigarette smoking (AOR = 6.70, 95% CL = 4.75–9.46) 1 year later. Among Wave 1 daily smokers, cannabis use was associated with reduced odds of smoking cessation (AOR = 0.36, 95% CL = 0.20–0.65). Among Wave 1 former smokers, cannabis use was associated with increased odds of relapse to daily and nondaily cigarette smoking (daily AOR = 1.90, 95% CL = 1.11–3.26; nondaily AOR = 2.33, 95% CL = 1.61–3.39). Conclusions Cannabis use was associated with increased cigarette smoking initiation, decreased smoking cessation, and increased smoking relapse among adults in the United States. Increased public education about the relationship between cannabis use and cigarette smoking transitions may be needed as cannabis use becomes more common among US adults. Implications As cannabis use increases in the United States and other countries, an evaluation of the relationships of cannabis use to other health-related behaviors (eg, cigarette smoking) is needed to understand the population-level impact of legalization. Little is known about associations between cannabis use and cigarette smoking transitions (1) using recent longitudinal data, (2) among adults, and (3) examining transitions other than smoking initiation (eg, smoking relapse). Our results suggest that among US adults, cannabis use was associated with increased cigarette smoking initiation among never-smokers, decreased cigarette smoking cessation among current smokers, and increased cigarette smoking relapse among former smokers.

Smoker Suicide Rates and Risks in the United States and Frankfurt, Germany

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
B. Leistikow ◽  
K. Petronis ◽  
M. Kettner ◽  
N. Willits ◽  
B. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
General Population ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
The United States ◽  
Suicide Rates ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
The Us ◽  
Never Smokers ◽  
Rate Ratios

Background:Suicide and smoking are immense, growing, associated global problems. Recent general population suicide rates and ratios by smoking status are unknown though in past reports, smokers had near three-fold hazard ratios of suicide among health professionals. So we assessed recent suicide rates and rate ratios in the general population of the United States (US) and Frankfurt, Germany.Methods:US National Health Interview Survey interviewees from 1987, 1988, and 1990-94 with near complete follow up through 2002 (representing the US adult non-institutionalized population) and all suicides in 1999-2000 among adult residents of Frankfurt, their proxy respondents, control subjects, and census data were studied using survival time methods. Age was categorized in both samples as 18-30, 31-60 and 61+ years.Results:The respective US versus Frankfurt crude suicide rates per 100,000 were 13.8 (95% confidence interval (CI) 12.4-15.5) versus 17.7 (CI 15.0-20.5) overall, 7.9 (CI 6.4-9.9) versus 12.0 (CI 9.2-14.7) in never smokers, and 22.9 (CI 19.5-27.0) versus 32.0 (CI 24.5-39.6) in current smokers. Smoker suicide rate ratios relative to never smokers ranged from 2.1 (males) to 4.2 (females) in US groups and 1.5 (ages 61+ years) to 3.7 (ages 31-60 years) in Frankfurt groups (each p< 0.05).Discussion:In both the US and Frankfurt, Germany, large absolute and relative excesses of suicide are seen in smokers. Reducing the prevalence of smoking might greatly reduce suicide rates, especially in young and middle-aged adults and US females.Acknowledgements:This study was funded by Pfizer, Inc.

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