scholarly journals Smoke Emission Properties of Floor Covering Materials of Furnished Apartments in a Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 9019
Author(s):  
Marzena Półka ◽  
Anna Szajewska
Keyword(s):  
Interior Design ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Floor Covering ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Decomposition Products ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Polyester Composite ◽  
Floor Coverings ◽  
Pilot Burner

The paper presents results of tests related to smoke optical density conducted on four various textile floor coverings for the needs of building interior design. Smoke emission is one of basic elements that characterize the fire environment. Consequently, the objective of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of smoke generation of chosen floor coverings for selected thermal exposures and in the presence or absence of a stimulus igniting the volatile gaseous phase (pilot flame). For the needs of our experimental research use was made of polypropylene, polyester, composite of wool, cotton, viscose and polyamide floor coverings. The highest value of the maximum specific optical density of smoke (494.7) was recorded for the floor covering consisting of 100% polypropylene (with higher fiber) under flameless combustion conditions (without the pilot flame). The polypropylene floor covering without underlay proved to be the best material from among all the tested ones with respect to smoke generating properties, and its samples offered the lowest value of optical density after 4 min for testing variants without the application of a pilot burner, with the flammable phase of decomposition products of this sample during the testing in which the burner was used to ignite at the latest. Experimental research has been carried out based on the standard ISO 5659–2:2017–08. The tests results were compared with international optical smoke density requirements for the interior design of ships and trains.

scholarly journals The smoke emission properties of selected elements of furnishing apartments in the building

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marzena Półka ◽  
Jan Białek
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Gaseous Phase ◽  
Research Use ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Fire Environment ◽  
Floor Panel ◽  
Smoke Generation

The paper presents the results of tests for smoke optical density conducted on four various floor panels of building interior design. As regards safety, wood base or polymeric panels are flammable materials, and their ignitability and smoke generation depend to a large extent on its chemical composition, density and thickness of element. Smoke emission is one of basic elements that characterise the fire environment. Consequently the objective of the paper was to carry out a comparative analysis of smoke generation of chosen floor panels at selected thermal expositions and at the presence or absence of a stimulus igniting the volatile gaseous phase (pilot flame). For needs of experimental research use was made of: samples (oak board), wood-based materials (two type of HDF panels) and PVC floor panel. Experimental research has been carried out based on the standard PN ISO 5659 – 2:2013-06. The tests results were compared with international optical smoke density requirements for the interior design of ships and trains.

scholarly journals The smoke emission properties of selected elements of passenger car interior design

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00107
Author(s):  
Łukasz Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Heat Source ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Radiant Heating ◽  
Smoke Emission ◽  
Passenger Car ◽  
Specific Optical Density ◽  
Side Door ◽  
Smoke Density ◽  
Flaming Combustion

The paper presents the results of tests for smoke optical density conducted on five various elements of car interior design. The tested samples were taken from the dashboard, ceiling lining, floor lining, seats and side door upholstery. A smoke density chamber was used to measure the propensity of the materials to generate smoke after being exposed to a heat source. The specific optical density, as a function of time, was determined for each material. There were two burning conditions simulated: radiant heating in the absence of ignition, and flaming combustion in the presence of supporting radiation. The highest values for specific optical density were measured for the side door upholstery and driver’s dashboard. The tests results were compared with international optical smoke density requirements for the interior design of ships and trains.

Comparison of Optical Smoke Density of Expanded Polystyrene without and with Cover Components Used in ETICS

2013 ◽  
Vol 724-725 ◽  
pp. 1625-1629
Author(s):  
Peter Rantuch ◽  
Tomáš Chrebet ◽  
Karol Balog
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Radiation ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Glass Fibre ◽  
Expanded Polystyrene ◽  
Composite Systems ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Smoke Generation ◽  
Pilot Burner

This paper deals with expanded polystyrene (EPS) as a potential source of smoke. We compared specific optical density of smoke from EPS and EPS strengthened by glass fibre mash and plaster which is used in external thermal insulation composite systems (ETICS). There was used testing method by ISO 5659 Plastics Smoke generation Part 2: Determination of optical density by a single-chamber test. The samples were exposed to a constant 50 kW.m-2 of thermal radiation. There was not used a pilot burner. During flame combustion samples evolved high amount of smoke. Samples from EPS released more smoke like samples with ETICS cover.

scholarly journals Analysis of raster imprints parameters on the basis of models and experimental research

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohdan Durnyak ◽  
◽  
Mikola Lutskiv ◽  
Georgij Petriaszwili ◽  
Petro Shepita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Structural Scheme ◽  
Integral Density ◽  
Solid Area

Structural scheme of models for determining the integral density of raster scale of an imprint, raster tone in percentage, optical density of scales on the basis of the measured optical density of the solid area and other characteristics have been worked out. The results of imitation design in the form of characteristics for different parameters have been provided. Optical density of raster scales obtained on the models has been found out to be quite similar to the results of experimental studies.

scholarly journals The Curvature Effect

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Corradi ◽  
Enric Munar
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Interior Design ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Applied Research ◽  
The Other ◽  
Curvature Effect ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Unified Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
Experimental Aesthetics

Preference for curved over sharp-angled contours is a well-known effect. However, it was quite unexplored during the 20th century and only a few sporadic studies dealt with it. Nevertheless, there has been renewed interest in this topic over the past two decades. This interest has come from two perspectives, one related to the current experimental aesthetics and the other from different applied approaches: marketing, packaging, interior design, and security perception, among others. Quite a few studies have demonstrated the effect with different stimuli, conditions, and participants. However, a comprehensive understanding of this effect is still lacking. We present the salient issues of the current studies in order to provide a more complete picture of this phenomenon. The applied research line is a promising field to combine with research from experimental aesthetics. Finally, we indicate a few challenges that experimental research should address to achieve a unified framework for a better understanding of the curvature effect.

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