vinyl chloride
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2022 ◽  
pp. 2100423
Author(s):  
Zeynep Deliballi ◽  
Rezan Demir‐Cakan ◽  
Baris Kiskan ◽  
Yusuf Yagci

2022 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Hassan Ghani ◽  
Emad Yousif ◽  
Mohammed Kadhom ◽  
Waled Abdo Ahmed ◽  
Muhammad Rahimi Yusop ◽  
...  

The photostabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) film filled with an organotin complex in its structure was examined and compared with the blank PVC film. The organotin (IV) complex that contains 4-(benzylideneamino) benzenesulfonamide as a ligand was synthesized and applied as a PVC photostabilizer. The impact of the complex on the polymer was assessed by comparing the properties of the films with and without the complex, before and after irradiation, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, viscosity change, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results showed that the complex film had lower weight loss, gel content, and molecular weight deterioration than the plain PVC film. Also, surfaces of the complexes-filled films were smoother, less lumpy, and more homogeneous. These findings were obtained via the FE-SEM and light microscope images and confirmed by measuring the roughness factor. The organotin (IV) complex proved its activity in delaying the photo-degradation of PVC by several mechanisms. Ultimately, the Tin complex has effectively protected the PVC film against irradiation. The photostabilization of poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) film filled with an organotin complex in its structure was examined and compared with the blank PVC film. The organotin (IV) complex that contains 4-(benzylideneamino) benzenesulfonamide as a ligand was synthesized and applied as a PVC photostabilizer. The impact of the complex on the polymer was assessed by comparing the properties of the films with and without the complex, before and after irradiation, using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, weight loss, viscosity change, atomic force microscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). Results showed that the complex film had lower weight loss, gel content, and molecular weight deterioration than the plain PVC film. Also, surfaces of the complexes-filled films were smoother, less lumpy, and more homogeneous. These findings were obtained via the FE-SEM and light microscope images and confirmed by measuring the roughness factor. The organotin (IV) complex proved its activity in delaying the photo-degradation of PVC by several mechanisms. Ultimately, the Tin complex has effectively protected the PVC film against irradiation.


2022 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Thol ◽  
Florian Fenkl ◽  
Eric W. Lemmon

AbstractA fundamental equation of state in terms of the Helmholtz energy is presented for chloroethene (vinyl chloride). Due to its fundamental nature, it can be used to consistently calculate all thermodynamic state properties in the fluid region. Based on the underlying experimental database, it is valid from the triple-point temperature 119.31 K to 430 K with a maximum pressure of 100 MPa. In addition to the accurate reproduction of experimental data, correct extrapolation behavior during the development of the equation was attained. This enables the equation to be applied in modern mixture frameworks.


2022 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Wang ◽  
Zhao Jiang ◽  
Qi Tang ◽  
Bolin Wang ◽  
Saisai Wang ◽  
...  

AbstractVinyl chloride, the monomer of polyvinyl chloride (PVC), is industrially synthesized via acetylene hydrochlorination. Thereby, easy to sublimate but toxic mercury chloride catalysts are widely used. It is imperative to find environmentally friendly non-mercury catalysts to promote the green production of PVC. Low-cost copper-based catalysts are promising candidates. In this study, phosphorus-doped Cu-based catalysts are prepared. It is shown that the type of phosphorus configuration and the distribution on the surface of the carrier can be adjusted by changing the calcination temperature. Among the different phosphorus species, the formed P-C bond plays a key role. The coordination structure formed by the interaction between P-C bonds and atomically dispersed Cu2+ species results in effective and stable active sites. Insights on how P-C bonds activate the substrate may provide ideas for the design and optimization of phosphorus-doped catalysts for acetylene hydrochlorination.


Author(s):  
S. V. Badanov ◽  
A. V. Urumov ◽  
V. V. Bayandin ◽  
N. S. Shaglaeva

The copolymers of 2,3-Dichloropropene with vinyl chloride, methyl methacrylate, and styrene of different compositions were obtained via free-radical copolymerization. The copolymerization constants for the comonomers were found from the dependence of the copolymer composition on the initial mixture content. An increase in the content of 2,3-Dichloropropene in the initial mixture was found to decrease the yield and intrinsic viscosity of the copolymer for all systems. The reactivity of 2,3-Dichloropropene in copolymerization reactions was assessed according to the reciprocals of the copolymerization constants of vinyl chloride, methyl methacrylate, and styrene, which indicate the reactivity of the dichlorinated monomer when interacting with comonomer radicals. It was found that 2,3-dichloropropene is the most active in the reaction with a styrene radical. However, its reactivity with a methyl methacrylate radical decreases by a factor of 0.88 as compared to the styrene radical. The lowest reactivity of 2,3-Dichloropropene is observed when interacting with a vinyl chloride radical. The synthesized copolymers can be further modified by replacing chlorine atoms with functional groups.


Polimery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 611-618
Author(s):  
Ammar Said ◽  
Mokhtar Dardouri ◽  
Fayçel Ammari ◽  
Abid Ouerghui ◽  
Nicholas P. Power ◽  
...  

A new suitable material was synthesized using click reaction between dialkynyl-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene and poly(vinyl chloride) azide (PVC-N3). This novel dialkynyl-p-tert-butylcalix[4]arene with triazole groups grafted onto PVC polymer (PVC-0.75CX[4]) has an excellent extraction capability for chromium ions from aqueous solutions. It shows a unique ability to extract chromium (VI) ions from aqueous solutions, thanks to the soft cavity, the presence of π-triazole rings and hydrogen bonds. Cr (VI) ion sorption capacity is 95.5% at pH = 3.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Jakub Zdarta ◽  
Oliwia Degórska ◽  
Katarzyna Jankowska ◽  
Agnieszka Rybarczyk ◽  
Adam Piasecki ◽  
...  

Enzymatic conversion of pharmaceutically active ingredients (API), using immobilized enzymes should be considered as a promising industrial tool due to improved reusability and stability of the biocatalysts at harsh process conditions. Therefore, in this study horseradish peroxidase was immobilized into sodium alginate capsules and then trapped into poly(vinyl chloride) electrospun fibers to provide additional enzyme stabilization and protection against the negative effect of harsh process conditions. Due to encapsulation immobilization, 100% of immobilization yield was achieved leading to loading of 25 μg of enzyme in 1 mg of the support. Immobilized in such a way, enzyme showed over 80% activity retention. Further, only slight changes in kinetic parameters of free (Km = 1.54 mM) and immobilized horseradish peroxidase (Km = 1.83 mM) were noticed, indicating retention of high catalytic properties and high substrate affinity by encapsulated biocatalyst. Encapsulated horseradish peroxidase was tested in biodegradation of two frequently occurring in wastewater API, sulfamethoxazole (antibiotic) and carbamazepine (anticonvulsant). Over 80% of both pharmaceutics was removed by immobilized enzyme after 24 h of the process from the solution at a concentration of 1 mg/L, under optimal conditions, which were found to be pH 7, temperature 25 °C and 2 mM of H2O2. However, even from 10 mg/L solutions, it was possible to remove over 40% of both pharmaceuticals. Finally, the reusability and storage stability study of immobilized horseradish peroxidase showed retention of over 60% of initial activity after 20 days of storage at 4 °C and after 10 repeated catalytic cycles, indicating great practical application potential. By contrast, the free enzyme showed less than 20% of its initial activity after 20 days of storage and exhibited no recycling potential.


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