scholarly journals Club Drugs and Psychiatric Sequelae: An Issue of Vulnerability and Previous Psychiatric History

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 6944
Author(s):  
Giovanni Martinotti ◽  
Cristina Merino Del Villar ◽  
Andrés Garcia Cordoba ◽  
Lluís Andrés Tubau ◽  
Ivan Castro Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Club Drugs ◽  
Emergency Rooms ◽  
Civil Status ◽  
Relevant Risk Factor ◽  
Psychiatric Sequelae

The pursuit of pleasure among clubbers and disco-goers often involves drug use. However, whether substance use may represent a relevant risk factor contributing to the development of psychiatric symptoms and of mental illness remains debated. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the percentage of subjects who developed long-lasting psychiatric symptoms in a sample of subjects reporting use of substances in nightclubs, and to evaluate the role of a previous psychiatric diagnosis in these subjects. Data were collected during three consecutive years in dedicated nursing units inside all the nightclubs of Ibiza, in emergency hospital rooms at the Can Misses Hospital and inside the psychiatric ward. A total of 10,163 subjects required medical assistance inside discos in the medical-nursing units, of which 223 required transfers to hospital emergency rooms. Of these, 110 required subsequent psychiatric hospitalization. Ninety-one (82.7 %) of these patients had a positive psychiatric history, which was also found in thirty-one of the 113 subjects (27.4%) not requiring psychiatric hospitalization. Negative psychiatric history was negatively associated with hospitalization (Coefficient = −2.574; p = 0.000) and for subjects with a negative psychiatric history the odds to be hospitalized changed by a factor of 0.076. Gender, age, civil status and nationality were not significant predictors of hospitalization. Overall, the number of subjects who developed major psychiatric disorders appeared to be limited. However, the presence of a psychiatric history here played a crucial role. Club drugs are therefore able to induce psychiatric sequelae requiring hospitalization mainly in subjects who are already vulnerable from a psychopathological point of view.

scholarly journals Filicidal Women: Jail or Psychiatric Ward?

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Laporte ◽  
Bernard Poulin ◽  
Jacques Marleau ◽  
Renée Roy ◽  
Thierry Webanck
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Biological Children ◽  
Clinical Point ◽  
Comparative Results

Objective: This study aims to examine the legal procedure that women who are charged with killing their children experience and to compare the variables that discriminate between those found guilty and those who received a medical disposition. Method: The sample comprises 32 adult women who killed their biological children in the province of Quebec over an 11-year period (1981 to 1991). Results: Of the sample, 18 women were found guilty, and 14 received a medical disposition. Of those who were the object of a penal disposition, most received a sentence that exceeded 2 years. Women who were sentenced to prison had a lower socioeconomic status and, compared with those who received a medical disposition, were more likely to have had a criminal and substance abuse history. Further, this latter subgroup of women were more likely to have a psychiatric history, to suffer from psychotic symptoms, and to become oriented to the mental health system immediately after their offence. Conclusions: These comparative results suggest that women's profiles differ according to some descriptive variables. From a clinical point of view, however, these results do not suggest that a different approach with respect to treatment of filicidal women or prevention of filicide would be more appropriate.

A case of quinacrine-induced psychosis: case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anangamanjari Pedapudi ◽  
Jonathan Stewart ◽  
Ankita Patel
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Toxicity

: Quinacrine is an older antimalarial drug that remains in use for a variety of illnesses including treatment resistant giardiasis. We report a patient with no prior psychiatric history who developed mild, prodromal psychiatric symptoms when treated with quinacrine for treatment resistant giardiasis. Symptoms resolved when the drug was stopped, recurred with greater severity (requiring involuntary psychiatric hospitalization) when restarted and promptly resolved again when finally stopped. Although quinacrine remains in use today, providers may be unaware of its potential for serious neuropsychiatric toxicity.

COVID-19 related Psychotic Disorder: Symptomatology in Infected and Uninfected Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek MD Mohan ◽  
Durjoy MD Lahiri
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Stress ◽  
Psychotic Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Abrupt Onset ◽  
External Stress ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Anti Psychotic ◽  
Cerebral Infection

Introduction: Psychotic disorder has been rarely reported in patients with COVID-19 infection and also in patients affected by the pandemic but who do not have COVID-19 infection. It is unclear if the disorder occurs due to the stress of the pandemic or is due to a cerebral infection of the virus.Methods: on PubMed we searched for all reports of patients who developed a new psychosis during the COVID-19 pandemic to review their symptomatology.Results: Psychotic symptoms were similar in onset, description, duration and severity in patients who had been infected and those who were affected by the pandemic but did not have the infection. In both groups, most patients were young, without previous psychiatric history, had experienced severe external stress due to the pandemic, had an abrupt onset of symptoms, had severe hallucinations and delusions and needed psychiatric hospitalization. The disorder commonly lasted about a week, after which anti-psychotic medications could be stopped.Conclusion: External psychological stress and not cerebral COVID-19 infection is the likely cause of psychotic disorder in both infected and uninfected patients. 

Recognising Psychiatric Symptoms

1993 ◽  
Vol 163 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. E. Berrios ◽  
E. Y. H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Stage Model ◽  
Diagnostic Systems ◽  
Contextual Cues ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Neural Network Simulation ◽  
Symptom Recognition ◽  
Diagnostic Hypothesis

Current overemphasis on nosological diagnosis has led to a neglect of the process of symptom recognition. There is evidence, however, that the perception of the symptom alone does not guarantee symptom ascertainment since a decision-making component is also involved. To achieve the latter, additional information must be provided by the contextual cues implicit in the ongoing diagnostic hypothesis. Current diagnostic systems, however, still assume a two-stage model according to which symptom and disease recognition are independent cognitive events. This paper suggests that this model is inadequate and that descriptive psychopathology is nottransparent. It then describes a neural network simulation to make various aspects of the problem explicit. This takes into account the multidimensional and probabilistic aspects of symptom recognition and is, from this point of view, superior to traditional algorithmic models. It also has the capacity to represent the different cognitive styles involved in symptom recognition.

Alcohol and Drug Withdrawal Syndromes and Their Clinical Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Thompson ◽  
Andrea Weber
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Withdrawal ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Opioid Withdrawal ◽  
Sustained Remission ◽  
Opioid Agonist ◽  
Dsm 5 ◽  
Cannabis Withdrawal ◽  
Withdrawal Syndromes

Withdrawal syndromes are clusters of signs and symptoms that occur with cessation or decrease in use of a substance. All substance withdrawal syndromes are classified and diagnosed based on criteria published in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition (DSM-5). All withdrawal syndromes range in their ability to cause significant medical and/or psychiatric consequences. Alcohol withdrawal remains a medically serious syndrome that can occur within hours to days of decreased use and result in hallucinations, delirium, seizures, and death. Despite increasing research into the type, frequency, dose, and route of administration, benzodiazepines remain the first-line treatment in preventing alcohol withdrawal complications. Although typically not medically severe, opioid withdrawal is often associated with relapse even after successful detoxification. Opioid-agonist therapy, including methadone and buprenorphine, remains the treatment of choice for both opioid withdrawal and relapse prevention. Stimulant withdrawal from cocaine or amphetamines can cause significant psychiatric symptoms within minutes to hours of cessation and may require psychiatric hospitalization for suicidal ideation or attempts. There are no current medications approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of stimulant withdrawal. Cannabis withdrawal, although not medically dangerous, has recently been adopted as a discrete syndrome in the DSM-5. Its severity correlates significantly with the amount of cannabis used, functional impairment, and ability to achieve sustained remission. There are no current medications approved by the FDA for treatment of cannabis withdrawal. This review contains 6 figures, 13 tables, and 101 references. Key words: alcohol, amphetamine, benzodiazepines, buprenorphine, cannabis, clonidine, cocaine, dexmedetomidine, methadone, opioid, phenobarbital, stimulant, withdrawal 

Descriptive study of the first consultations in a mental health unit

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S700-S700
Author(s):  
E. Bobadilla ◽  
C. Quiroga
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Service Delivery ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Descriptive Study ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Health Unit ◽  
Patient Profile ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Mental Health Unit ◽  
Improve Service Delivery

The profile of patients cared for in a mental health unit is diverse. However, there are recurring features. In this study, a total of 100 patients were evaluated for 2 months. This study describes the socio-demographic aspects, the reason for the consultation, the psychiatric history, the diagnoses, the previous treatments and the presence of previous admissions in a psychiatric hospitalization unit. Knowledge of the patient profile will improve service delivery.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Autoimmune limbic encephlitis. A rising differential diagnosis between diseases with psychiatric symptoms

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S636-S636
Author(s):  
C. Martín Álvarez ◽  
F. Cadenas Extremera ◽  
V. Alonso García ◽  
M. del Valle Loarte ◽  
M. Bravo Arraez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Limbic Encephalitis ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitalization ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Brain Mri ◽  
Caucasian Woman ◽  
Type I ◽  
Manic Symptoms ◽  
Hyperintense Signal

IntroductionIn psychiatric clinical practice, we can face numerous organic diseases in the differential diagnosis between primary psychiatric disorders. As an example of this, we can see the autoimmune limbic encephalitis(LE), which in a significant percentage of cases begins with psychiatric symptoms. Currently, one of the theories of the origin of the LE is as a idiopathic autoimmune entity, leaving behind the idea of been generated only by a viral or paraneoplastic etiology.ObjectiveTo achieve a better knowledge about this underdiagnosed entity, presenting a case of an anti-LGI1 limbic encephalitis.CaseA 60-year-old Caucasian woman who starts with neuropsychiatric symptoms as: behavioral disorders, manic symptoms, memory impairment and attention deficit.ResultsFinally, the diagnosis was confirmed when the patient had positive results in both serum and CSF samples for anti-LGI1 antibodies. Gastric neuroendocrino tumour type I was discovered. Neither paraneoplasic syndrome nor onconeuronal antibodies were shown. A thin hyperintense signal was identified in the left hippocampus using a brain MRI. Despite the patient had been treated with corticosteroids, immunosuppressants and immunoglobulins, she still showed positive antibodies in CSF samples with poor clinical results, especially psychiatric symptoms. The patient required one psychiatric hospitalization due to reference and persecutory delusions and manic symptoms.ConclusionOur patient had an unsatisfactory evolution with little response to immune treatment. Given the possible underdiagnosis of this condition, the importance of a differential diagnosis and an early treatment, we consider that there is an important need for a greater knowledge and scientific divulgation of this clinical entity.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Hypersensitivity to electricity: What place in clinical psychiatry?

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (S1) ◽  
pp. S635-S636
Author(s):  
V. Maria Iulia ◽  
B.D. Diane
Keyword(s):  
Behavior Disorders ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Psychiatric Ward ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Emergency Ward ◽  
Associated Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Disturbances ◽  
Competing Interest ◽  
Familial Obligations

Hypersensitivity to electricity (EHS) is a self-defined syndrome where individuals experience symptoms while using or being in the proximity of equipment or devices that use electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields. We present the case of a 45-year-old patient who received an EHS diagnosis several years ago. This patient was first sent to us for hospitalization in the psychiatric ward with mystic delusions and secondary behavior disorders. He had no remarkable psychiatric history and the thorough somatic examinations performed showed no anomaly. The EHS had first appeared 10 years ago with associated symptoms like fatigue, dizziness, headache, cognitive disturbances, as well as physically painful sensations. These symptoms had become gradually invalidating, preventing the patient from pursuing his professional activity. Nevertheless, he maintained his social and familial obligations, and, together with his wife, was still able to care for his 2 children. The patient presented, in the emergency ward, with delusions of mystical and persecuting nature of multiple mechanisms with total adherence. The initial symptomatology gradually improved under antipsychotic treatment without any real improvement of the EHS complaint. This case brought several questions. What is the place of the EHS diagnosis within the framework of a delirious episode? Is there a link between these two diagnoses and more generally is there a psychiatric profile more frequently found in EHS patients?Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Organic psychosis: Much more than dopamine

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s822-s822
Author(s):  
R. Martín Gutierrez ◽  
M. Juncal Ruiz ◽  
O. Porta Olivares ◽  
R. Landera Rodríguez ◽  
L. Sánchez Blanco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Normal Pressure ◽  
Neurological Impairment ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Psychomotor Slowing ◽  
Ekbom Syndrome ◽  
Elderly Onset ◽  
Competing Interest

IntroductionMost of elderly onset psychosis present as a consequence of one or more organic processes. We present the case of an 81-year-old patient with diagnosis of a posterior fossa meningioma. It emerged with abrupt positive symptoms of psychosis with important family and social disruption. The interest of the case lies in the low frequency of psychiatric symptoms associated to this type of tumor, given its location. Thus, these symptoms may be explained, by normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) secondary to the tumor.ObjectivesTo highlight the importance of performing a complete organic screening in elderly onset psycotic patients.Material and methodFrom the mentioned case, we performed a literature review of psychopathology associated with NPH.ResultsPsychiatric examination demonstrated parasitization delusions and delusional misinterpretations; tactile and visual zoomorphic hallucinations were also present. They were compatible with Ekbom syndrome; anxiety and behavioral disorganization were prominent. We introduced treatment with risperidone 0.5 mg/12 h with important decrease of positive psychotic symptoms. Currently, the patient is waiting for a ventricular-peritoneal shunt.ConclusionsThe NPH usually presents with memory failures, psychomotor slowing, problems in calculating and writing. It may progress to a neurological impairment so intense that may be indistinguishable from Alzheimer's disease. From a psychopathological point of view, affective or psychotic symptoms and/or behavioral disorganization may also appear. In few cases, HNT onset shows with prominent psychiatric symptoms instead of neurological impairment. These symptoms may improve with pharmacological and surgical treatment. Thus, it is important to get an accurate diagnosis.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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