Integrative Review of Exercise at Altitude during Pregnancy

Many competitive and elite athletes continue to train throughout their pregnancies and many visit or live at altitude. The purpose of this integrative review is to synthesize, analyze and critique published studies regarding the safety of serious recreational or elite athletes exercising at altitude while pregnant. Seven databases were searched, and 157 documents were located, which were screened for appropriateness and reduced to seven articles that met the criteria. The studies were analyzed based on maternal and fetal outcomes. Current recommendations for exercising at altitude were based on sedentary individuals who frequently did not have the expected physiological responses based on research on pregnancy and altitude. It is unknown whether competitive and elite athletes would have similar responses to exercise at altitude. More research on exercise at altitude on individuals with a variety of fitness levels is needed.

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Physiological Responses and Predictors of Performance in a Simulated Competitive Ski Mountaineering Race

Journal of Sports Science and Medicine ◽

10.52082/jssm.2021.250 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 250-257

Author(s):

Michael Lasshofer ◽

John Seifert ◽

Anna-Maria Wörndle ◽

Thomas Stöggl

Keyword(s):

Laboratory Test ◽

Power Output ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Performance Parameters ◽

Ramp Test ◽

The Past ◽

Treadmill Speed ◽

And Performance

Competitive ski mountaineering (SKIMO) has achieved great popularity within the past years. However, knowledge about the predictors of performance and physiological response to SKIMO racing is limited. Therefore, 21 male SKIMO athletes split into two performance groups (elite: VO2max 71.2 ± 6.8 ml· min-1· kg-1 vs. sub-elite: 62.5 ± 4.7 ml· min-1· kg-1) were tested and analysed during a vertical SKIMO race simulation (523 m elevation gain) and in a laboratory SKIMO specific ramp test. In both cases, oxygen consumption (VO2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate and cycle characteristics were measured. During the race simulation, the elite athletes were approximately 5 min faster compared with the sub-elite (27:15 ± 1:16 min; 32:31 ± 2:13 min; p < 0.001). VO2 was higher for elite athletes during the race simulation (p = 0.046) and in the laboratory test at ventilatory threshold 2 (p = 0.005) and at maximum VO2 (p = 0.003). Laboratory maximum power output is displayed as treadmill speed and was higher for elite than sub-elite athletes (7.4 ± 0.3 km h-1; 6.6 ± 0.3 km h-1; p < 0.001). Lactate values were higher in the laboratory maximum ramp test than in the race simulation (p < 0.001). Pearson’s correlation coefficient between race time and performance parameters was highest for velocity and VO2 related parameters during the laboratory test (r > 0.6). Elite athletes showed their superiority in the race simulation as well as during the maximum ramp test. While HR analysis revealed a similar strain to both cohorts in both tests, the superiority can be explainable by higher VO2 and power output. To further push the performance of SKIMO athletes, the development of named factors like power output at maximum and ventilatory threshold 2 seems crucial.

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Evaluation of elite athletes psycho-physiological responses to compression form-fitted athletic wear in intensive exercise based on 5Ps model

Fibers and Polymers ◽

10.1007/s12221-012-0380-9 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 380-389 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Rong Liu ◽

Trevor Little ◽

Williams ◽

Michael Eugene

Keyword(s):

Elite Athletes ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Intensive Exercise

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A Novel mHealth Monitoring System during Cycling in Elite Athletes

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18094788 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (9) ◽

pp. 4788

Author(s):

Alexandros Iliadis ◽

Milena Tomovic ◽

Dimitrios Dervas ◽

Markella Psymarnou ◽

Kosmas Christoulas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Heart Rate ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Field Tests ◽

Monitoring Method ◽

Health Disorders ◽

And Performance ◽

High Level

Background: Cycling is a very demanding physical activity that may create various health disorders during an athlete’s career. Recently, smart mobile and wearable technologies have been used to monitor physiological responses and possible disturbances during physical activity. Thus, the application of mHealth methods in sports poses a challenge today. This study used a novel mobile-Health method to monitor athletes’ physiological responses and to detect health disorders early during cycling in elite athletes. Methods: Sixteen high-level cyclists participated in this study, which included a series of measurements in the laboratory; health and performance assessments; and then application in the field of mHealth monitoring in two training seasons, at the beginning of their training period and in the race season. A field monitoring test took place during 30 min of uphill cycling with the participant’s heart rate at the ventilatory threshold. During monitoring periods, heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, and electrocardiogram were monitored via the mHealth system. Moreover, the SpO2 was estimated continuously, and the symptoms during effort were reported. Results: A significant correlation was found between the symptoms reported by the athletes in the two field tests and the findings recorded with the application of the mHealth monitoring method. However, from the pre-participation screening in the laboratory and from the spiroergometric tests, no abnormal findings were detected that were to blame for the appearance of the symptoms. Conclusions: The application of mHealth monitoring during competitive cycling is a very useful method for the early recording of cardiac and other health disorders of athletes, whose untimely evaluation could lead to unforeseen events.

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Physiological Responses and Bout Analysis in Elite Kickboxers During International K1 Competitions

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.691028 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Łukasz Rydzik ◽

Marcin Maciejczyk ◽

Wojciech Czarny ◽

Andzej Kędra ◽

Tadeusz Ambroży

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Blood Lactate ◽

Anaerobic Metabolism ◽

Physiological Stress ◽

Elite Athletes ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Combat Sport ◽

Tactical Training ◽

Great Force

Background: Kickboxing is a combat sport with various forms of competition. Kickboxing according to the K1 rules is one of the most interesting and quickly developing forms of kickboxing. According to the K1 rules, it is possible to use a variety of techniques with great force. The aim of this study was to investigate the physiological responses during a real sports fight and to perform a technical and tactical analysis of the kickboxing bout according to the K1 rules.Methods: This study was conducted during two cycles of the international kickboxing league according to the K1 rules in a group of 15 elite athletes. The indicators of technical and tactical training were evaluated in real sports bout. Blood lactate (LA) levels and heart rate (HR) were measured during and after the bout.Results: The efficiency of the attack was on average 59.3 ± 2.7, its effectiveness was 50.3 ± 10.01, and its activeness was 112.3 ± 29. The peak LA concentration was 14.6 ± 1.9 mmol/L. LA concentration did not decrease to baseline after 20 min of recovery.Conclusion: A kickboxing bout was found to induce strong physiological stress for the participants. Reported HR and LA concentration show that the intensity of the fight was close to maximal, and anaerobic metabolism played an important role during a fight.

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Relationship between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Physiological Responses to Films

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1978.46.3c.1123 ◽

1978 ◽

Vol 46 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1123-1130 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Joanne R. Cantor ◽

Dolf Zillmann ◽

Kenneth D. Day

Keyword(s):

Blood Pressure ◽

Systolic Blood Pressure ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Emotional Responses ◽

Cardiovascular Fitness ◽

Fitness Level ◽

Median Split ◽

Males And Females ◽

Sympathetic Arousal ◽

Fitness Levels

Subjects' physiological responses and rated reactions to a medical film and an erotic film were assessed. Later cardiovascular fitness levels were determined by subjects' physiological responses to an exercise task. The greater the increase in the subject's systolic blood pressure after exercise and the slower the recovery, the lower the fitness level. A median split on the fitness scores of males and females separately was used to determine levels of relatively low and high fitness. Subjects in low fitness had significantly greater sympathetic-arousal responses to the two films as measured in systolic blood-pressure increases and skin-temperature decreases. Subjects in the two fitness levels did not differ in ratings of their own physiological or emotional responses to the films. Reported interoception of the magnitude of physiological responses was inaccurate, especially for subjects in low fitness.

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Misophonia: An Evidence-Based Case Report

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/2020_aja-19-00111 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 29 (4) ◽

pp. 685-690

Author(s):

C. S. Vanaja ◽

Miriam Soni Abigail

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Case Report ◽

Case History ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Evidence Based ◽

Management Option ◽

Pure Tone Audiogram

Purpose Misophonia is a sound tolerance disorder condition in certain sounds that trigger intense emotional or physiological responses. While some persons may experience misophonia, a few patients suffer from misophonia. However, there is a dearth of literature on audiological assessment and management of persons with misophonia. The purpose of this report is to discuss the assessment of misophonia and highlight the management option that helped a patient with misophonia. Method A case study of a 26-year-old woman with the complaint of decreased tolerance to specific sounds affecting quality of life is reported. Audiological assessment differentiated misophonia from hyperacusis. Management included retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy based on the principles described by P. J. Jastreboff and Jastreboff (2014). A misophonia questionnaire was administered at regular intervals to monitor the effectiveness of therapy. Results A detailed case history and audiological evaluations including pure-tone audiogram and Johnson Hyperacusis Index revealed the presence of misophonia. The patient benefitted from intervention, and the scores of the misophonia questionnaire indicated a decrease in the severity of the problem. Conclusions It is important to differentially diagnose misophonia and hyperacusis in persons with sound tolerance disorders. Retraining counseling as well as desensitization and habituation therapy can help patients who suffer from misophonia.

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