Drug Interactions for Patients with Respiratory Diseases Receiving COVID-19 Emerged Treatments

Pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still pressing the healthcare systems worldwide. Thus far, the lack of available COVID-19-targeted treatments has led scientists to look through drug repositioning practices and exploitation of available scientific evidence for potential efficient drugs that may block biological pathways of SARS-CoV-2. Till today, several molecules have emerged as promising pharmacological agents, and more than a few medication protocols are applied during hospitalization. On the other hand, given the criticality of the disease, it is important for healthcare providers, especially those in COVID-19 clinics (i.e., nursing personnel and treating physicians), to recognize potential drug interactions that may lead to adverse drug reactions that may negatively impact the therapeutic outcome. In this review, focusing on patients with respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) that are treated also for COVID-19, we discuss possible drug interactions, their underlying pharmacological mechanisms, and possible clinical signs that healthcare providers in COVID-19 clinics may need to acknowledge as adverse drug reactions due to drug-drug interactions.

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Study on Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug-Drug Interactions and Co-Morbid Conditions of Patients Suffering from Tuberculosis

Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology ◽

10.52711/0974-360x.2021.00679 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 3911-3915

Author(s):

Rasheed Ahemad Shaik ◽

Syed Jaffer ◽

Syeda Humera Fatima

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

National Guidelines ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Cavitary Disease ◽

Collection Form ◽

The Comparative Study ◽

Morbid Conditions

Background: Tuberculosis is the oldest common infectious disease affecting not only lungs but several organs in a human body. Its caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis exposure is through lungs. This disease has co-morbid conditions. The basic treatment according to WHO is with Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, but these drugs may lead to adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. Objective: To determine the adverse effects and drug-drug interactions post administration of anti-tubercular drugs and to determine the influence of drugs on their co-morbid conditions of patients suffering from tuberculosis in Aster Prime Hospital. Methods: The patient’s prescriptions of total 110 were collected from the outpatient and in-patient Pulmonology department. These were noted in the data collection form and the comparative study was done by evaluating the number of male and female affected with Tuberculosis, common drug-drug interaction with respective drug, adverse drug reaction followed by the common co-morbid condition occurring with TB and the effect of drugs on co-morbidities Results: The prevalence of tuberculosis in 110 patients was found to be more in females by 12% than males. The co-morbid conditions found with tuberculosis were Hypertension, diabetes, pleural effusion, hepatitis, cavitary disease and respiratory failure. The least common comorbidities were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gastritis, and stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ulcerative colitis. The total adverse effect found in the 62 patients (56.36%) and the patients with no adverse drug reactions were 48 (43.63%) The percentage of total drug-drug interactions found in the patients were 44% (n=48) and the percentage of patients with no interactions were 56% (n=62). Conclusion: Health care workers play an important role and considered as a vital group for tuberculosis awareness activities to increase competence in TB management and compliance with national guidelines. Interventions address a combination of varying influences on behaviour, focusing on specific gaps identified to improve their impact.

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Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1568026619666181129124638 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (23) ◽

pp. 2042-2055 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Neeraj Kumar ◽

Heerak Chugh ◽

Damini Sood ◽

Snigdha Singh ◽

Aarushi Singh ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Drug Metabolism ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Genetic Defects ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Detailed Structure ◽

Synthesis And Degradation ◽

Porphyrin Rings

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

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Adverse drug reactions & drug interactions in MDR-TB patients

Indian Journal of Tuberculosis ◽

10.1016/j.ijtb.2020.09.027 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 67 (4) ◽

pp. S69-S78

Author(s):

Amitesh Gupta ◽

Vikas Kumar ◽

Sekar Natarajan ◽

Rupak Singla

Keyword(s):

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Mdr Tb

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Importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in adverse drug reactions due to drug–drug interactions: a PharmacoVigilance study in France

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.1007/s00228-012-1394-3 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 69 (4) ◽

pp. 885-888 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Anne Charlotte Danton ◽

François Montastruc ◽

Agnès Sommet ◽

Geneviève Durrieu ◽

Haleh Bagheri ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cytochrome P450 ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Reactions

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Efficacy and safety of selamectin of flea infestation in dags

Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society ◽

10.12681/jhvms.15362 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

pp. 78

Author(s):

S. SOTIRAKI (Σ. ΣΩΤΗΡΑΚΗ) ◽

C. HIMONAS (Χ. ΧΕΙΜΩΝΑΣ) ◽

P. DEBOUCK ◽

G. BITSAS (Γ. ΜΠΙΤΖΑΣ)

Keyword(s):

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Untreated Group ◽

Field Conditions ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Flea Infestation ◽

Highly Effective ◽

Monthly Dose ◽

Adult Flea

The study was conducted at three dog shekers in Thessaloniki Greece, το confirm die efficacy and safety of selamectin aτ a minimum dosage of 6 mg/kg adminisτered topically as a monthly dose repeaτed three times in die treatment of natural i n f l a t i o n s of Ctenocephalides spp. Twenty (20) dogs, with confirmed naturally acquired flea inflations, were enrolled in die sttidy as primary patiems. All animals completed the study on day 90. Twenty-two in cornai dogs were also treated but not evaluated for efficacy (secondary patiems). There was no untreated group. Only one live adult flea was recovered on only one animal on study day 30, a reduction of die geomettical mean of 99.7 % (p < 0.0001) compared to the sτarτ of die study. Dead fleas were found on 3 animals aτ day 30 (1 or 2 per animal). No live or dead fleas were found on day 60 or on day 90. Ατ sttidy beginning on Day 0, seventy percem of sttidy animals had various clinical signs of flea inflation. These signs gradually decreased and by die end of die sttidy on day 90, only one animal remained widi a score of 1, indicating a low imensity in a single area of die body. All odier animals were free of clinical signs. No abnormal clinical signs or suspend adverse drug reactions were observed after treatment of die 20 primary or die 22 secondary patiems. The daτa collected confirm that under field conditions diree consecutive mondily doses of selamectin are highly effective and safe in die treatment and comrol of fleas in dogs.

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Drug-Drug-Dietary interactions in pharmacotherapy of GIT medication: A review

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4579 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽

pp. 2903-2909

Author(s):

Akula sowjanya ◽

Abhisek Pal

Keyword(s):

Drug Therapy ◽

Drug Interactions ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Adverse Drug Reactions ◽

Drug Effect ◽

Google Scholar ◽

Drug Reactions ◽

Common Drug ◽

Different Types ◽

Dietary Interactions

Successful drug therapy depends on the interaction between drug-drug and drug-diet. Drug interactions are a vital reason for causing adverse drug reactions and modify one drug effect by another drug and these kinds of interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for Drug-Drug and Drug-food interactions. Food Consumption can alter the effect of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics processes. Anti-ulcer drugs are used to treat different types of ulcer and that may interact with another drug showing undesirable effects. GIT medications interfere with another type of medication either with at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The main objective of this article is to review data regarding common Drug-drug & Drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. Data was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and they were reviewed for publication on drug-drug & drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. This data is very helpful for pharmacists while reviewing and analyzing prescribed medication, especially in geriatrics prescriptions.

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