Study on Prevalence of Adverse Drug Reactions and Drug-Drug Interactions and Co-Morbid Conditions of Patients Suffering from Tuberculosis

2021 ◽  
pp. 3911-3915
Author(s):  
Rasheed Ahemad Shaik ◽  
Syed Jaffer ◽  
Syeda Humera Fatima
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cavitary Disease ◽  
Collection Form ◽  
The Comparative Study ◽  
Morbid Conditions

Background: Tuberculosis is the oldest common infectious disease affecting not only lungs but several organs in a human body. Its caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis exposure is through lungs. This disease has co-morbid conditions. The basic treatment according to WHO is with Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol, but these drugs may lead to adverse drug reactions and drug interactions. Objective: To determine the adverse effects and drug-drug interactions post administration of anti-tubercular drugs and to determine the influence of drugs on their co-morbid conditions of patients suffering from tuberculosis in Aster Prime Hospital. Methods: The patient’s prescriptions of total 110 were collected from the outpatient and in-patient Pulmonology department. These were noted in the data collection form and the comparative study was done by evaluating the number of male and female affected with Tuberculosis, common drug-drug interaction with respective drug, adverse drug reaction followed by the common co-morbid condition occurring with TB and the effect of drugs on co-morbidities Results: The prevalence of tuberculosis in 110 patients was found to be more in females by 12% than males. The co-morbid conditions found with tuberculosis were Hypertension, diabetes, pleural effusion, hepatitis, cavitary disease and respiratory failure. The least common comorbidities were chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), gastritis, and stroke and chronic kidney disease (CKD) and ulcerative colitis. The total adverse effect found in the 62 patients (56.36%) and the patients with no adverse drug reactions were 48 (43.63%) The percentage of total drug-drug interactions found in the patients were 44% (n=48) and the percentage of patients with no interactions were 56% (n=62). Conclusion: Health care workers play an important role and considered as a vital group for tuberculosis awareness activities to increase competence in TB management and compliance with national guidelines. Interventions address a combination of varying influences on behaviour, focusing on specific gaps identified to improve their impact.

scholarly journals Drug Interactions for Patients with Respiratory Diseases Receiving COVID-19 Emerged Treatments

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11711
Author(s):  
Marios Spanakis ◽  
Athina Patelarou ◽  
Evridiki Patelarou ◽  
Nikolaos Tzanakis
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Drug Repositioning ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Pharmacological Agents

Pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is still pressing the healthcare systems worldwide. Thus far, the lack of available COVID-19-targeted treatments has led scientists to look through drug repositioning practices and exploitation of available scientific evidence for potential efficient drugs that may block biological pathways of SARS-CoV-2. Till today, several molecules have emerged as promising pharmacological agents, and more than a few medication protocols are applied during hospitalization. On the other hand, given the criticality of the disease, it is important for healthcare providers, especially those in COVID-19 clinics (i.e., nursing personnel and treating physicians), to recognize potential drug interactions that may lead to adverse drug reactions that may negatively impact the therapeutic outcome. In this review, focusing on patients with respiratory diseases (i.e., asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) that are treated also for COVID-19, we discuss possible drug interactions, their underlying pharmacological mechanisms, and possible clinical signs that healthcare providers in COVID-19 clinics may need to acknowledge as adverse drug reactions due to drug-drug interactions.

Biology of Heme: Drug Interactions and Adverse Drug Reactions with CYP450

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 2042-2055 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neeraj Kumar ◽  
Heerak Chugh ◽  
Damini Sood ◽  
Snigdha Singh ◽  
Aarushi Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Metabolism ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Genetic Defects ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Detailed Structure ◽  
Synthesis And Degradation ◽  
Porphyrin Rings

Heme is central to functions of many biologically important enzymes (hemoproteins). It is an assembly of four porphyrin rings joined through methylene bridges with a central Fe (II). Heme is present in all cells, and its synthesis and degradation balance its amount in the cell. The deregulations of heme networks and incorporation in hemoproteins lead to pathogenic state. This article addresses the detailed structure, biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation associated afflictions to heme. The article is followed by its roles in various diseased conditions where it is produced mainly as the cause of increased hemolysis. It manifests the symptoms in diseases as it is a pro-oxidant, pro-inflammatory and pro-hemolytic agent. We have also discussed the genetic defects that tampered with the biosynthesis, degradation, and transportation of heme. In addition, a brief about the largest hemoprotein group of enzymes- Cytochrome P450 (CYP450) has been discussed with its roles in drug metabolism.

Adverse drug reactions & drug interactions in MDR-TB patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. S69-S78
Author(s):  
Amitesh Gupta ◽  
Vikas Kumar ◽  
Sekar Natarajan ◽  
Rupak Singla
Keyword(s):  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Mdr Tb

Risk factors for potential drug-drug interactions in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 1123-1125
Author(s):  
Dobrivoje Stojadinovic ◽  
Radica Zivkovic Zaric ◽  
Slobodan Jankovic ◽  
Zorica Lazic ◽  
Ivan Cekerevac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Potential Drug ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Importance of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) in adverse drug reactions due to drug–drug interactions: a PharmacoVigilance study in France

2012 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 885-888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Charlotte Danton ◽  
François Montastruc ◽  
Agnès Sommet ◽  
Geneviève Durrieu ◽  
Haleh Bagheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Reactions

scholarly journals Drug-Drug-Dietary interactions in pharmacotherapy of GIT medication: A review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL4) ◽  
pp. 2903-2909
Author(s):  
Akula sowjanya ◽  
Abhisek Pal
Keyword(s):  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Drug Interactions ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Adverse Drug Reactions ◽  
Drug Effect ◽  
Google Scholar ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Common Drug ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Dietary Interactions

Successful drug therapy depends on the interaction between drug-drug and drug-diet. Drug interactions are a vital reason for causing adverse drug reactions and modify one drug effect by another drug and these kinds of interactions can increase or decrease the effectiveness of the drug. Polypharmacy could be a major risk for Drug-Drug and Drug-food interactions. Food Consumption can alter the effect of drugs by interfering either with their pharmacokinetics or pharmacodynamics processes. Anti-ulcer drugs are used to treat different types of ulcer and that may interact with another drug showing undesirable effects. GIT medications interfere with another type of medication either with at the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic level. The main objective of this article is to review data regarding common Drug-drug & Drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. Data was collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus databases, and they were reviewed for publication on drug-drug & drug-food interactions related to GIT medications. This data is very helpful for pharmacists while reviewing and analyzing prescribed medication, especially in geriatrics prescriptions.

scholarly journals Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in ambulatory practice

2008 ◽  
pp. 29-33
Author(s):  
N. M. Shmeleva ◽  
V. P. Sidorova ◽  
A. S. Belevsky ◽  
E. I. Shmelev
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Outpatient Clinic ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Educational Programmes ◽  
Inadequate Therapy

Quality of outpatient management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and ways to improve it have been studied in this trial. The study included analysis of 560 medical recorders of outpatients followed up in one and the same outpatient clinic by one and the same physician for 5 to 10 yrs and who were currently newly diagnosed for COPD, epidemiological investigation using questionnaire and spirometry in all patients attending the outpatient clinic, and organization of educational COPD center for physicians, nurses and patients. We assessed concordance of the patients' management according to medical records to national guidelines. Most frequent discrepancies were inaccurate recording of the patient's symptoms and history, incomplete and inadequate examination, incorrect diagnosis, inadequate therapy. Functional disorders were not estimated in 95.9 % of the patients, COPD stage was not determined in 100 % of the cases, severity was not assessed in 83.9 %, and 70.7 % of the patients were not diagnosed for complications and exacerbations of the disease. Inhaled bronchodilators were not administered in 41.9 % of the patients, 90 % of the patients were inadequately treated with antibiotics, 100 % of the patients were not vaccinated. The main reasons for this mismatching were thought to be poor awareness of COPD by physicians, lack of pneumologists in outpatient clinics, and insufficient technical provision of the outpatients clinics with spirographs, oxymeters, etc. The epidemiological examination involved 8 672 patients, among them 38 % reported respiratory symptoms and 24 % had ventilatory disorders. COPD was firstly diagnosed in 768 patients. Implementation of educational programmes have led to necessary functional investigations to be used twice more frequent.

scholarly journals Examining patterns of multimorbidity, polypharmacy and risk of adverse drug reactions in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a cross-sectional UK Biobank study

BMJ Open ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e018404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Hanlon ◽  
Barbara I Nicholl ◽  
Bhautesh Dinesh Jani ◽  
Ross McQueenie ◽  
Duncan Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Urinary Retention ◽  
Renal Injury ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Uk Biobank ◽  
Drug Reactions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cns Depression

ObjectiveThis study aims: (1) to describe the pattern and extent of multimorbidity and polypharmacy in UK Biobank participants with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and (2) to identify which comorbidities are associated with increased risk of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) resulting from polypharmacy.DesignCross-sectional.SettingCommunity cohort.ParticipantsUK Biobank participants comparing self-reported COPD (n=8317) with no COPD (n=494 323).OutcomesMultimorbidity (≥4 conditions) and polypharmacy (≥5 medications) in participants with COPD versus those without. Risk of ADRs (taking ≥3 medications associated with falls, constipation, urinary retention, central nervous system (CNS) depression, bleeding or renal injury) in relation to the presence of COPD and individual comorbidities.ResultsMultimorbidity was more common in participants with COPD than those without (17% vs 4%). Polypharmacy was highly prevalent (52% with COPD taking ≥5 medications vs 18% in those without COPD). Adjusting for age, sex and socioeconomic status, those with COPD were significantly more likely than those without to be prescribed ≥3 medications contributing to falls (OR 2.27, 95% CI 2.13 to 2.42), constipation (OR 3.42, 95% CI 3.10 to 3.77), urinary retention (OR 3.38, 95% CI 2.94 to 3.87), CNS depression (OR 3.75, 95% CI 3.31 to 4.25), bleeding (OR 4.61, 95% CI 3.35 to 6.19) and renal injury (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.86 to 2.62). Concomitant cardiovascular disease was associated with the greatest risk of taking ≥3 medications associated with falls/renal injury. Concomitant mental health conditions were most strongly associated with medications linked with CNS depression/urinary retention/bleeding.ConclusionsMultimorbidity is common in COPD and associated with high levels of polypharmacy. Co-prescription of drugs with various ADRs is common. Future research should examine the effects on healthcare outcomes of co-prescribing multiple drugs with similar potential ADRs. Clinical guidelines should emphasise assessment of multimorbidity and ADR risk.

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