Indexing Mixed Aperture Icosahedral Hexagonal Discrete Global Grid Systems

Discrete global grid systems (DGGSs) are an emerging multiresolution 3D model used to integrate and analyze big earth data. The characteristic of multiresolution is usually realized by hierarchically subdividing cells on the sphere using certain refinement. This paper introduces mixed aperture three- and four- icosahedral hexagonal DGGSs using two types of refinement, the various combinations of which can provide more resolutions compared with pure aperture hexagonal DGGSs and can flexibly design the aperture sequence according to the target resolutions. A general hierarchy-based indexing method is first designed, and related indexing arithmetics and algorithm are developed based on the indexing method. Then, the grid structure on the surface of the icosahedron is described and by projection spherical grids are obtained. Experiments show that the proposed scheme is superior to pure aperture schemes in choosing grid resolutions and can reduce the data volume by 38.5% in representing 1-km resolution raster dataset; using the proposed indexing arithmetics to replace spherical geometry operations in generating discrete spherical vector lines based on hexagonal cells can improve the generation efficiency.

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A spatial indexing method for the hexagon discrete global grid system

2010 18th International Conference on Geoinformatics ◽

10.1109/geoinformatics.2010.5567972 ◽

2010 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Jin Ben ◽

Xiaochong Tong ◽

Rongguo Chen

Keyword(s):

Grid System ◽

Spatial Indexing ◽

Indexing Method ◽

Global Grid

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Geographic information � Discrete Global Grid Systems Specifications

10.3403/30391049u ◽

2021 ◽

Keyword(s):

Geographic Information ◽

Grid Systems ◽

Global Grid

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A generic encoding and operation scheme for mixed aperture three and four hexagonal discrete global grid systems

International Journal of Geographical Information Science ◽

10.1080/13658816.2020.1763363 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-43

Author(s):

R. Wang ◽

J. Ben ◽

J.B. Zhou ◽

M. Y. Zheng

Keyword(s):

Grid Systems ◽

Global Grid

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General Method for Extending Discrete Global Grid Systems to Three Dimensions

ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information ◽

10.3390/ijgi9040233 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 233 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Benjamin Ulmer ◽

John Hall ◽

Faramarz Samavati

Keyword(s):

Three Dimensional ◽

Use Cases ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Grid Systems ◽

3D Data ◽

Third Dimension ◽

2D And 3D ◽

Polyhedral Projection ◽

Global Grid ◽

General Method

Geospatial sensors are generating increasing amounts of three-dimensional (3D) data. While Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) are a useful tool for integrating geospatial data, they provide no native support for 3D data. Several different 3D global grids have been proposed; however, these approaches are not consistent with state-of-the-art DGGSs. In this paper, we propose a general method that can extend any DGGS to the third dimension to operate as a 3D DGGS. This extension is done carefully to ensure any valid DGGS can be supported, including all refinement factors and non-congruent refinement. We define encoding, decoding, and indexing operations in a way that splits responsibility between the surface DGGS and the 3D component, which allows for easy transference of data between the 2D and 3D versions of a DGGS. As a part of this, we use radial mapping functions that serve a similar purpose as polyhedral projection in a conventional DGGS. We validate our method by creating three different 3D DGGSs tailored for three specific use cases. These use cases demonstrate our ability to quickly generate 3D global grids while achieving desired properties such as support for large ranges of altitudes, volume preservation between cells, and custom cell aspect ratio.

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Assessing the state of the art in Discrete Global Grid Systems: OGC criteria and present functionality

GEOMATICA ◽

10.1139/geomat-2019-0015 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 9-30 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ben Bondaruk ◽

Steven A. Roberts ◽

Colin Robertson

Keyword(s):

Data Structures ◽

Spatial Data ◽

Theoretical Development ◽

Continuous Growth ◽

Grid Systems ◽

Spatial Features ◽

Potential Applications ◽

Software Implementations ◽

Global Grid ◽

Integration Analysis

The continuous growth of available geospatial data requires new methods for its integration, analysis, and visualization to be explored and implemented in software available to the geospatial community. Discrete Global Grid Systems (DGGS) are an emerging method for spatial data handling in the digital earth framework. DGGS are hierarchical data structures for discretizing the Earth’s surface that have seen considerable theoretical development over the last two decades. In this paper, four software implementations are reviewed, dggridR, H3, OpenEAGGR, and S2, to explore their potential applications in data modelling and GIS, as well as their performance. These software implementations were also evaluated against the recently published Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) abstract specification. The results indicate great potential and versatility for utilizing such systems in geospatial analysis, if basic methods for converting and handling spatial features are further developed. The performance of these systems is shown to be highly scalable and operational with datasets of various sizes. Yet, it is demonstrated that the current software implementations generally fall short of fulfilling all of the OGC requirements or it was not possible to confirm their compliance. The assessment here identified that further enhancements, endorsement of OGC criteria, and their explicit acknowledgment within official documentation remain key research needs for the evaluated software packages. Further work developing operational DGGS that solve real world problems may promote greater community adoption and integration of DGGS data structures into commonly used geospatial platforms.

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