scholarly journals Inheritance and Molecular Characterization of a Novel Mutated AHAS Gene Responsible for the Resistance of AHAS-Inhibiting Herbicides in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1345
Author(s):  
Qianxin Huang ◽  
Jinyang Lv ◽  
Yanyan Sun ◽  
Hongmei Wang ◽  
Yuan Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Acetohydroxyacid Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Single Point Mutation ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Herbicide Resistant

The use of herbicides is an effective and economic way to control weeds, but their availability for rapeseed is limited due to the shortage of herbicide-resistant cultivars in China. The single-point mutation in the acetohydroxyacid synthase (AHAS) gene can lead to AHAS-inhibiting herbicide resistance. In this study, the inheritance and molecular characterization of the tribenuron-methyl (TBM)-resistant rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) mutant, K5, are performed. Results indicated that TBM-resistance of K5 was controlled by one dominant allele at a single nuclear gene locus. The novel substitution of cytosine with thymine at position 544 in BnAHAS1 was identified in K5, leading to the alteration of proline with serine at position 182 in BnAHAS1. The TBM-resistance of K5 was approximately 100 times that of its wild-type ZS9, and K5 also showed cross-resistance to bensufuron-methyl and monosulfuron-ester sodium. The BnAHAS1544T transgenic Arabidopsis exhibited higher TBM-resistance than that of its wild-type, which confirmed that BnAHAS1544T was responsible for the herbicide resistance of K5. Simultaneously, an allele-specific marker was developed to quickly distinguish the heterozygous and homozygous mutated alleles BnAHAS1544T. In addition, a method for the fast screening of TBM-resistant plants at the cotyledon stage was developed. Our research identified and molecularly characterized one novel mutative AHAS allele in B. napus and laid a foundation for developing herbicide-resistant rapeseed cultivars.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic and Molecular Characterization of B-Genome Introgression Lines of Brassica napus L.

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inderpreet Dhaliwal ◽  
Annaliese S. Mason ◽  
Shashi Banga ◽  
Sakshi Bharti ◽  
Beerpal Kaur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
B Genome

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 137. Brassica napus L. and B. rapa L.

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 951-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Gulden ◽  
S. I. Warwick ◽  
A. G. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Weed Biology ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transgene Escape ◽  
Feral Populations ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Brassica napus and B. rapa are native to Eurasia. In Canada, these species are commonly referred to as volunteer canola, while feral populations of B. rapa are referred to as birdrape. Brassica napus and B. rapa have been grown commercially for their seed oil content in western Canada since the middle of the last century and volunteer populations are common in fields. Escaped populations of both species are also found along roadways, railways and in waste areas; however, only B. rapa is known to have naturalized, self-sustaining feral populations in these habitats in eastern Canada. Despite these escaped and feral populations, B. napus and B. rapa are mainly a concern in agricultural fields where their combined relative abundance has increased over the past few decades. In the mid 1990s, herbicide-resistant genotypes of B. napus were released for commercial production. Herbicide-resistance and the stacking of genes in volunteer populations conferring resistance to multiple herbicides have contributed to increased difficulties in controlling volunteer B. napus in some crops. However, yield loss resulting from volunteer populations is not well documented in Canada. Key words: Brassica napus, Brassica rapa, herbicide resistance, transgene escape, volunteer canola, weed biology

Isolation and Characterization of Herbicide Resistant Mutants in the Cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2

1987 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 758-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Hirschberg ◽  
Nir Ohad ◽  
Iris Pecker ◽  
Ana Rahat
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Genetic Transformation ◽  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Psba Genes ◽  
Resistant Mutants ◽  
I Gene

A variety of mutants which are resistant to triazine - and urea - classes of herbicides have been isolated in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus R2. All the mutants that have been analyzed, show some cross-resistance to different herbicides suggesting that these herbicides share a common binding site in photosystem II. Three psbA genes have been identified in Synechococcus R2. The psbA-copy I gene was cloned from three mutants and used in DNA-mediated genetic transformation. It was found that in all three mutants this gene could transfer the mutation for herbicide resistance indicating that this gene codes for the herbicide resistant protein.

Cytological and molecular characterization of a novel monogenic dominant GMS in Brassica napus L.

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 571-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao-Jie Wang ◽  
Ai-Guang Guo ◽  
Dian-Rong Li ◽  
Jian-Hua Tian ◽  
Fei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of the S locus in two self-incompatible Brassica napus lines.

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2369-2380 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Yu ◽  
U Schafer ◽  
T L Glavin ◽  
D R Goring ◽  
S J Rothstein
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
S Locus

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of the CytochromebGene andIn VitroAtovaquone Susceptibility of Plasmodium falciparum Isolates from Kenya

2015 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 1818-1821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luicer A. Ingasia ◽  
Hoseah M. Akala ◽  
Mabel O. Imbuga ◽  
Benjamin H. Opot ◽  
Fredrick L. Eyase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Falciparum ◽  
Genetic Polymorphism ◽  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Mutant Allele ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Wild Type Allele ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Western Kenya ◽  
Content Type

ABSTRACTThe prevalence of a genetic polymorphism(s) at codon 268 in the cytochromebgene, which is associated with failure of atovaquone-proguanil treatment, was analyzed in 227Plasmodium falciparumparasites from western Kenya. The prevalence of the wild-type allele was 63%, and that of the Y268S (denoting a Y-to-S change at position 268) mutant allele was 2%. There were no pure Y268C or Y268N mutant alleles, only mixtures of a mutant allele(s) with the wild type. There was a correlation between parasite 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) and parasite genetic polymorphism; mutant alleles had higher IC50s than the wild type.

scholarly journals Trans-splicing as a Novel Mechanism to Explain Interallelic Complementation in Drosophila

Genetics ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 160 (4) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Mongelard ◽  
Mariano Labrador ◽  
Ellen M Baxter ◽  
Tatiana I Gerasimova ◽  
Victor G Corces
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Functional Protein ◽  
Gypsy Insulator ◽  
Type Function ◽  
Homologous Chromosomes ◽  
Trans Splicing ◽  
Interallelic Complementation

AbstractTwo mutant alleles of the same gene, each located in one of the two homologous chromosomes, may in some instances restore the wild-type function of the gene. This is the case with certain combinations of mutant alleles in the mod(mdg4) gene. This gene encodes several different proteins, including Mod(mdg4)2.2, a component of the gypsy insulator. This protein is encoded by two separate transcription units that can be combined in a trans-splicing reaction to form the mature Mod(mdg4)2.2-encoding RNA. Molecular characterization of complementing alleles shows that they affect the two different transcription units. Flies homozygous for each allele are missing the Mod(mdg4)2.2 protein, whereas wild-type trans-heterozygotes are able to synthesize almost normal levels of the Mod(mdg4)2.2 product. This protein is functional as judged by its ability to form a functional insulator complex. The results suggest that the interallelic complementation in the mod(mdg4) gene is a consequence of trans-splicing between two different mutant transcripts. A conclusion from this observation is that the trans-splicing reaction that takes place between transcripts produced on two different mutant chromosomes ensures wild-type levels of functional protein.

Vernalization response in spring oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 275-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. Murphy ◽  
R. Scarth
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Vernalization Response ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Cumulative Response ◽  
Cold Requirement ◽  
Key Words:Brassica

Early maturity is a major objective of oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) breeding programs in western Canada. Maturity of crops is influenced by time of initiation and flowering. The presence of a vernalization requirement affects plant development by delaying floral initiation until the cold requirement of the plant has been satisfied. Five spring oilseed rape cultivars were screened for their response to vernalization. Vernalization treatments consisted of exposure of germinated seeds to 0–42 d at 4 °C. Plants were assessed under a 20-h photoperiod. In general, there was a cumulative response to vernalization, with a decrease in days to each developmental stage as exposure to 4 °C was increased. Vernalization treatment of 6 d at 4 °C was sufficient to decrease both the days to first flower and the final leaf number. The characterization of vernalization response is of interest because variation in flowering time in response to year-to-year variations in the environment could result. Key words:Brassica napus, canola, oilseed rape, vernalization

Herbicide resistance in China: a quantitative review

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangying Liu ◽  
Shihai Xiang ◽  
Tao Zong ◽  
Guolan Ma ◽  
Lamei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThe widespread, rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a serious and escalating agronomic problem worldwide. During China’s economic boom, the country became one of the most important herbicide producers and consumers in the world, and herbicide resistance has dramatically increased in the past decade and has become a serious threat to agriculture. Here, following an evidence-based PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach, we carried out a systematic review to quantitatively assess herbicide resistance in China. Multiple weed species, including 26, 18, 11, 9, 5, 5, 4, and 3 species in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)., orchards, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields, respectively, have developed herbicide resistance. Acetolactate synthase inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, and synthetic auxin herbicides are the most resistance-prone herbicides and are the most frequently used mechanisms of action, followed by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. The lack of alternative herbicides to manage weeds that exhibit cross-resistance or multiple resistance (or both) is an emerging issue and poses one of the greatest threats challenging the crop production and food safety both in China and globally.

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