scholarly journals In Vivo Analysis of Optic Fissure Fusion in Zebrafish: Pioneer Cells, Basal Lamina, Hyaloid Vessels, and How Fissure Fusion is Affected by BMP

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priska Eckert ◽  
Max D. Knickmeyer ◽  
Stephan Heermann
Keyword(s):  
Basal Lamina ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Cellular Contact ◽  
Fusion Site ◽  
In Vivo Analysis ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

Colobomata, persistent optic fissures, frequently cause congenital blindness. Here, we focused on optic fissure fusion using in vivo time-lapse imaging in zebrafish. We identified the fusion initiating cells, which we termed “pioneer cells.” Based on morphology, localization, and downregulation of the neuroretinal (NR) precursor marker rx2, these cells could be considered as retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) progenitors. Notably, pioneer cells regain rx2 expression and integrate into the NR after fusion, indicating that they do not belong to the pool of RPE progenitors, supported by the lack of RPE marker expression in pioneer cells. They establish the first cellular contact between the margins in the proximal fissure region and separate the hyaloid artery and vein. After initiation, the fusion site is progressing distally, increasing the distance between the hyaloid artery and vein. A timed BMP (Bone Morphogenetic Protein) induction, resulting in coloboma, did not alter the morphology of the fissure margins, but it did affect the expression of NR and RPE markers within the margins. In addition, it resulted in a persisting basal lamina and persisting remnants of periocular mesenchyme and hyaloid vasculature within the fissure, supporting the necessity of BMP antagonism within the fissure margins. The hampered fissure fusion had severe effects on the vasculature of the eye.

Cyanidin-3-glucoside attenuates 4-hydroxynonenal- and visible light-induced retinal damage in vitro and in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 2871-2880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Wang ◽  
Wentao Qi ◽  
Yazhen Huo ◽  
Ge Song ◽  
Hui Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Retinal Pigment ◽  
Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells ◽  
Retinal Damage ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Pigment Epithelial ◽  
Induced Apoptosis ◽  
Pigment Epithelial Cells

Cyanidin-3-glucoside has efficient protective effects on 4-hydroxynonenal-induced apoptosis, senescence, and angiogenesis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.

Topical Review: Neuronal Migration in Cortical Development

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 274-279
Author(s):  
Shigeaki Kanatani ◽  
Hidenori Tabata ◽  
Kazunori Nakajima
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Migration ◽  
Radial Glia ◽  
Asymmetric Cell Division ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Radial Glial Cells ◽  
Daughter Cells ◽  
Radial Glial ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging ◽  
Mitotic Behavior

Cortical formation in the developing brain is a highly complicated process involving neuronal production (through symmetric or asymmetric cell division) interaction of radial glia with neuronal migration, and multiple modes of neuronal migration. It has been convincingly demonstrated by numerous studies that radial glial cells are neural stem cells. However, the processes by which neurons arise from radial glia and migrate to their final destinations in vivo are not yet fully understood. Recent studies using time-lapse imaging of neuronal migration are giving investigators an increasingly more detailed understanding of the mitotic behavior of radial glia and the migrating behavior of their daughter cells. In this review, we describe recent progress in elucidating neuronal migration in brain formation and how neuronal migration is disturbed by mutations in genes that control this process. ( J Child Neurol 2005;20:274—279).

scholarly journals Individual neuronal subtypes control initial myelin sheath growth and stabilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather N. Nelson ◽  
Anthony J. Treichel ◽  
Erin N. Eggum ◽  
Madeline R. Martell ◽  
Amanda J. Kaiser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Myelin Sheath ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Marked Individual ◽  
Larval Zebrafish ◽  
Sheath Formation ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

Abstract Background In the developing central nervous system, pre-myelinating oligodendrocytes sample candidate nerve axons by extending and retracting process extensions. Some contacts stabilize, leading to the initiation of axon wrapping, nascent myelin sheath formation, concentric wrapping and sheath elongation, and sheath stabilization or pruning by oligodendrocytes. Although axonal signals influence the overall process of myelination, the precise oligodendrocyte behaviors that require signaling from axons are not completely understood. In this study, we investigated whether oligodendrocyte behaviors during the early events of myelination are mediated by an oligodendrocyte-intrinsic myelination program or are over-ridden by axonal factors. Methods To address this, we utilized in vivo time-lapse imaging in embryonic and larval zebrafish spinal cord during the initial hours and days of axon wrapping and myelination. Transgenic reporter lines marked individual axon subtypes or oligodendrocyte membranes. Results In the larval zebrafish spinal cord, individual axon subtypes supported distinct nascent sheath growth rates and stabilization frequencies. Oligodendrocytes ensheathed individual axon subtypes at different rates during a two-day period after initial axon wrapping. When descending reticulospinal axons were ablated, local spinal axons supported a constant ensheathment rate despite the increased ratio of oligodendrocytes to target axons. Conclusion We conclude that properties of individual axon subtypes instruct oligodendrocyte behaviors during initial stages of myelination by differentially controlling nascent sheath growth and stabilization.

In Vivo Time-Lapse Imaging of Neuronal Development inXenopus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 (9) ◽  
pp. pdb.top077156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward S. Ruthazer ◽  
Anne Schohl ◽  
Neil Schwartz ◽  
Aydin Tavakoli ◽  
Marc Tremblay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Development ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging

scholarly journals Sindbis Virus-Induced Neuronal Death Is both Necrotic and Apoptotic and Is Ameliorated byN-Methyl-d-Aspartate Receptor Antagonists

2001 ◽  
Vol 75 (15) ◽  
pp. 7114-7121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Nargi-Aizenman ◽  
Diane E. Griffin
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Cortical Neurons ◽  
Sindbis Virus ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Apoptotic Cell Death ◽  
Time Lapse Imaging ◽  
Alphavirus Infection

ABSTRACT Virus infection of neurons leads to different outcomes ranging from latent and noncytolytic infection to cell death. Viruses kill neurons directly by inducing either apoptosis or necrosis or indirectly as a result of the host immune response. Sindbis virus (SV) is an alphavirus that induces apoptotic cell death both in vitro and in vivo. However, apoptotic changes are not always evident in neurons induced to die by alphavirus infection. Time lapse imaging revealed that SV-infected primary cortical neurons exhibited both apoptotic and necrotic morphological features and that uninfected neurons in the cultures also died. Antagonists of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of glutamate receptors protected neurons from SV-induced death without affecting virus replication or SV-induced apoptotic cell death. These results provide evidence that SV infection activates neurotoxic pathways that result in aberrant NMDA receptor stimulation and damage to infected and uninfected neurons.

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