scholarly journals A “Population Dynamics” Perspective on the Delayed Life-History Effects of Environmental Contaminations: An Illustration with a Preliminary Study of Cadmium Transgenerational Effects over Three Generations in the Crustacean Gammarus

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (13) ◽  
pp. 4704
Author(s):  
Pauline Cribiu ◽  
Alain Devaux ◽  
Laura Garnero ◽  
Khédidja Abbaci ◽  
Thérèse Bastide ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Parental Exposure ◽  
History Effects ◽  
Freshwater Crustacean ◽  
One Year

We explore the delayed consequences of parental exposure to environmentally relevant cadmium concentrations on the life-history traits throughout generations of the freshwater crustacean Gammarus fossarum. We report the preliminary results obtained during a challenging one-year laboratory experiment in this environmental species and propose the use of population modeling to interpret the changes in offspring life-history traits regarding their potential demographic impacts. The main outcome of this first long-term transgenerational assay is that the exposure of spawners during a single gametogenesis cycle (3 weeks) could result in severe cascading effects on the life-history traits along three unexposed offspring generations (one year). Indeed, we observed a decrease in F1 reproductive success, an early onset of F2 offspring puberty with reduced investment in egg yolk reserves, and finally a decrease in the growth rate of F3 juveniles. However, the analysis of these major transgenerational effects by means of a Lefkovitch matrix population model revealed only weak demographic impacts. Population compensatory processes mitigating the demographic consequences of parental exposure seem to drive the modification of life-history traits in offspring generations. This exploratory study sheds light on the role of population mechanisms involved in the demographic regulation of the delayed effects of environmental toxicity in wild populations.

Transgenerational Effects of Two Antidepressants (Sertraline and Venlafaxine) on Daphnia magna Life History Traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 1148-1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laëtitia Minguez ◽  
Céline Ballandonne ◽  
Christiane Rakotomalala ◽  
Christelle Dubreule ◽  
Valérie Kientz-Bouchart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Transgenerational Effects

Feeding partridges with organic or conventional grain triggers cascading effects in life-history traits

2021 ◽  
pp. 116851
Author(s):  
Jérôme Moreau ◽  
Karine Monceau ◽  
Malaury Crépin ◽  
Flavie Derouin Tochon ◽  
Cécilia Mondet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Cascading Effects

scholarly journals Trans-generational effects on diapause and life-history-traits of an aphid parasitoid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tougeron K. ◽  
Devogel M. ◽  
van Baaren J. ◽  
Le Lann C. ◽  
Hance T.
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Developmental Plasticity ◽  
Wild Strain ◽  
Aphidius Ervi ◽  
Transgenerational Effects ◽  
Aphid Parasitoid ◽  
Transgenerational Plasticity ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Wide Range

SummaryTransgenerational effects act on a wide range of insects’ life-history traits and can be involved in the control of developmental plasticity, such as diapause expression. Decrease in or total loss of winter diapause expression recently observed in some species could arise from inhibiting maternal effects. In this study, we explored transgenerational effects on diapause expression and traits in one industrial and one wild strain of the aphid parasitoidAphidius ervi. These strains were reared under short photoperiod (8:16 h LD) and low temperature (14 °C) conditions over two generations. Diapause levels, developmental times, physiological and morphological traits were measured. Diapause levels increased after one generation in the wild but not in the industrial strain. For both strains, the second generation took longer to develop than the first one. Tibia length and wing surface decreased over generations while fat content increased. A crossed-generations experiment focusing on the industrial parasitoid strain showed that offspring from mothers reared at 14 °C took longer to develop, were heavier, taller with wider wings and with more fat reserves than those from mothers reared at 20 °C (8:16 h LD). No effect of the mother rearing conditions was shown on diapause expression. Additionally to direct plasticity of the offspring, results suggest transgenerational plasticity effects on diapause expression, development time, and on the values of life-history traits. We demonstrated that populations showing low diapause levels may recover higher levels through transgenerational plasticity in response to diapause-induction cues, provided that environmental conditions are reaching the induction-thresholds specific to each population. Transgenerational plasticity is thus important to consider when evaluating how insects adapt to changing environments.

scholarly journals Genetic variation and correlations of life-history traits in gypsy moths (Lymantria dispar L.) from two populations in Serbia

2008 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 619-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelica Lazarevic ◽  
Vera Nenadovic ◽  
Milena Jankovic-Tomanic ◽  
S. Milanovic
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Medium Density ◽  
Delayed Effects ◽  
Gypsy Moths ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Egg Provisioning ◽  
Nutritional Environment ◽  
Density Population

Periodic fluctuations in density impose different selection pressures on populations of outbreaking Lepidoptera due to changes in their nutritional environment. The maternal effects hypothesis of insect outbreak predicts the transmission of this nutritional "information" to subsequent generations and alterations in offspring life-history traits. To test for these time-delayed effects of the parental generation, we compared life-history traits and their variation and covariation among laboratory-reared gypsy moths hatched from egg masses collected from low- and medium-density populations. Decreased individual performance was recorded in offspring from the medium-density population, indicating reduced egg provisioning under crowding conditions. Genetic variance and covariance were also shown to be sensitive to density of the parental generation. In gypsy moths from the medium-density population, quantitative genetic analysis revealed significantly higher broad-sense heritabilities for development duration traits and demonstrated a trade-off between development duration and body size.

scholarly journals Jack, Master or Both? The Invasive Ladybird Harmonia Axyridis Outperforms Its Native Counterpart Despite Similar Levels of Plasticity

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingrid Ané Minnaar ◽  
Cang Hui ◽  
Susana Clusella-Trullas
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Life History ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Propagule Pressure ◽  
Life History Trait ◽  
Starvation Resistance ◽  
Cascading Effects ◽  
Thermal Plasticity

Abstract The plasticity of performance traits is expected to promote the successful invasion of species. Therefore, the comparison of reaction norms of invasive species with native competitors should enhance predictions of alien species establishment. Yet, most studies focus on a reduced set of traits, rarely in combination, or do not include trait variability to make predictions of establishment success. Here, we acclimated individuals to a cold, medium or warm temperature regime and measured critical thermal limits, life-history traits, and starvation resistance of the globally invasive Harmonia axyridis and its native counterpart Cheilomenes lunata. The native C. lunata had higher thermal plasticity of starvation resistance and higher upper thermal tolerance than H. axyridis. By contrast, H. axyridis outperformed C. lunata in most life-history traits. We combined trait responses, transport duration and propagule pressure to simulate the final number of beetles established in the introduced site in cold, medium and warm scenarios, where beetles also experienced a heatwave once established. Although C. lunata initially outcompeted the invasive species during transport, more H. axyridis survived in all environments because of higher life-history trait responses, in particular, higher fecundity. Despite increased starvation mortality in the warm scenario, H. axyridis established successfully given sufficient propagule size. By contrast, in the event of a heatwave, H. axyridis numbers plummeted and higher numbers of the native species established in the cold scenario. This study underscores the importance of considering a combination of traits and respective cascading effects when estimating the establishment potential of species and responses to climate warming.

Prey tell: what quillback rockfish early life history traits reveal about their survival in encounters with juvenile coho salmon

2020 ◽  
Vol 650 ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
HW Fennie ◽  
S Sponaugle ◽  
EA Daly ◽  
RD Brodeur
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Life History Traits ◽  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Larval Fish ◽  
Early Life History ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Otolith Microstructure Analysis ◽  
Pelagic Juvenile

Predation is a major source of mortality in the early life stages of fishes and a driving force in shaping fish populations. Theoretical, modeling, and laboratory studies have generated hypotheses that larval fish size, age, growth rate, and development rate affect their susceptibility to predation. Empirical data on predator selection in the wild are challenging to obtain, and most selective mortality studies must repeatedly sample populations of survivors to indirectly examine survivorship. While valuable on a population scale, these approaches can obscure selection by particular predators. In May 2018, along the coast of Washington, USA, we simultaneously collected juvenile quillback rockfish Sebastes maliger from both the environment and the stomachs of juvenile coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch. We used otolith microstructure analysis to examine whether juvenile coho salmon were age-, size-, and/or growth-selective predators of juvenile quillback rockfish. Our results indicate that juvenile rockfish consumed by salmon were significantly smaller, slower growing at capture, and younger than surviving (unconsumed) juvenile rockfish, providing direct evidence that juvenile coho salmon are selective predators on juvenile quillback rockfish. These differences in early life history traits between consumed and surviving rockfish are related to timing of parturition and the environmental conditions larval rockfish experienced, suggesting that maternal effects may substantially influence survival at this stage. Our results demonstrate that variability in timing of parturition and sea surface temperature leads to tradeoffs in early life history traits between growth in the larval stage and survival when encountering predators in the pelagic juvenile stage.

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