Real-Time Visualization of Cellulase Activity by Microorganisms on Surface

A variety of methods to detect cellulase secretion by microorganisms has been developed over the years, none of which enables the real-time visualization of cellulase activity on a surface. This visualization is critical to study the interaction between soil-borne cellulase-secreting microorganisms and the surface of plant roots and specifically, the effect of surface features on this interaction. Here, we modified the known carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) hydrolysis visualization method to enable the real-time tracking of cellulase activity of microorganisms on a surface. A surface was formed using pure CMC with acridine orange dye incorporated in it. The dye disassociated from the film when hydrolysis occurred, forming a halo surrounding the point of hydrolysis. This enabled real-time visualization, since the common need for post hydrolysis dyeing was negated. Using root-knot nematode (RKN) as a model organism that penetrates plant roots, we showed that it was possible to follow microorganism cellulase secretion on the surface. Furthermore, the addition of natural additives was also shown to be an option and resulted in an increased RKN response. This method will be implemented in the future, investigating different microorganisms on a root surface microstructure replica, which can open a new avenue of research in the field of plant root–microorganism interactions.

Download Full-text

Developing a method for real-time visualization of cellulase activity

10.1101/2020.07.09.193177 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Pallavi Kumari ◽

Tali Sayas ◽

Patricia Bucki ◽

Sigal Brown Miyara ◽

Maya Kleiman

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Plant Cell Wall ◽

Plant Root ◽

Cellulase Activity ◽

Root Surface ◽

Surface Microstructure ◽

Root Extract ◽

Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes ◽

Real Time Visualization ◽

Replication Technique

AbstractStudying the interactions between microorganisms and plant roots is crucial for understanding a variety of phenomena concerning crop yield and health. The role of root surface properties in these interactions, is rarely addressed. To this end, we previously built a synthetic system, from the inert polymer polydimethyl siloxane (PDMS), mimicking the root surface microstructure, using a replication technique. This replica enables the study of isolated effects of surface structure on microorganism-plant interactions. Since the root surface is composed mostly of cellulose, using cellulose-like materials as our replica, instead of PDMS, is the next logical step. This will enable following the hydrolysis of such surfaces as a result of microorganisms secreting Plant Cell Wall Degrading Enzymes (PCWDE), and in particular, cellulase. Visualization of such hydrolysis in a synthetic system can assist in studying the localization and activity of microorganisms and how they correlate with surface microtopography, separately from chemical plant signals.In this work, we modified the known carboxymethyl cellulase (CMC) hydrolysis visualization method to enable real-time tracking of cellulase activity of microorganisms on the surface. Surface was formed from pure CMC, rather than CMC incorporated in agar as is often done, and by that, eliminating diffusion issues. Acridine orange dye, which is compatible, at low concentrations, with microorganisms, as opposed to other routinely used dyes, was incorporated into the film. The dye disassociated from the film when hydrolysis occurred, forming a halo surrounding the point of hydrolysis. This enabled real-time visualization since the common need for post hydrolysis dyeing was negated. Using Root Knot Nematode (RKN) as a model organism that penetrates the plant root, we showed it was possible to follow microorganism cellulase secretion on the surface in the form of CMC film hydrolysis. Furthermore, the addition of natural additives, in the form of root extract was also shown to be an option and resulted in an increased RKN response. We tested our newly developed method by changing temperature and pH conditions and by characterization of the hydrolyzed surface using both Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM).This method will be implemented in the future on a root surface microstructure replica. We believe the combination of this new method with our previously developed root surface microstructure replication technique can open a new avenue of research in the field of plant root-microorganism interactions.

Download Full-text

An Efficient Approach to Load Balancing of Vector Maps in CyberGIS Cluster Environment

GEOMATICA ◽

10.5623/cig2014-204 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 129-134

Author(s):

Mingqiang Guo ◽

Ying Huang ◽

Zhong Xie

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Research Direction ◽

Parallel Optimization ◽

Decomposition Approach ◽

The Real ◽

Vector Maps ◽

Significant Research ◽

Data Volume ◽

Cluster Environment ◽

Real Time Visualization

The real-time visualization of vector maps is the most common function in CyberGIS, and it is timeconsuming, especially as the data volume becomes larger. How to improve the efficiency of visualization of large vector maps is still a significant research direction for GIS scientists. In this research, we point out that parallel optimization is appropriate for the real-time visualization of large vector maps. The main purpose of this research is to investigate a balanced decomposition approach which can balance the load of each server node in a CyberGIS cluster environment. The load balancer analyzes the spatial characteristics of the map requests and decomposes the real-time viewshed into multiple balanced sub viewsheds, so as to balance the load of all the server nodes in the cluster environment. The test results demonstrate that the approach proposed in this research has the ability to balance the load in CyberGIS cluster environment.

Download Full-text

Development of the real-time visualization system on network

Sixth International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Computing Applications and Technologies (PDCAT'05) ◽

10.1109/pdcat.2005.125 ◽

2005 ◽

Author(s):

H. Oiwa ◽

H. Matsumoto ◽

T. Matsuzawa ◽

Y. Asano

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Visualization System ◽

The Real ◽

Real Time Visualization

Download Full-text

A novel hydroxyl-containing polyimide as a colorimetric and ratiometric chemosensor for the reversible detection of fluoride ions

Polymer Chemistry ◽

10.1039/c8py01697f ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 1399-1406 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Yancheng Wu ◽

Chuqi Shi ◽

Zhigeng Chen ◽

Yubin Zhou ◽

Shumei Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

High Selectivity ◽

Polyimide Film ◽

Fluoride Ions ◽

The Real ◽

Real Time Visualization

A novel hydroxyl-containing polyimide film has been designed and fabricated as a chemosensor for the real-time visualization of F− with high selectivity and sensitivity.

Download Full-text

616 Development of the real-time visualization system of CFD on wide network

The proceedings of the JSME annual meeting ◽

10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.1.0_57 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005.1 (0) ◽

pp. 57-58

Author(s):

Hiroshi Oiwa ◽

Yoshinobu Asano ◽

Hiroyuki Matsumoto ◽

Teruo Matsuzawa

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Visualization System ◽

The Real ◽

Real Time Visualization

Download Full-text

SmartCube: An Adaptive Data Management Architecture for the Real-Time Visualization of Spatiotemporal Datasets

IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics ◽

10.1109/tvcg.2019.2934434 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 1-1

Author(s):

Can Liu ◽

Cong Wu ◽

Hanning Shao ◽

Xiaoru Yuan

Keyword(s):

Data Management ◽

Real Time ◽

The Real ◽

Management Architecture ◽

Real Time Visualization

Download Full-text

A Mobile Augmented Reality System for the Real-Time Visualization of Pipes in Point Cloud Data with a Depth Sensor

Electronics ◽

10.3390/electronics9050836 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (5) ◽

pp. 836 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Young-Hoon Jin ◽

In-Tae Hwang ◽

Won-Hyung Lee

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Real Time ◽

Point Cloud ◽

Depth Image ◽

Visualization Method ◽

Point Cloud Data ◽

Matching Method ◽

The Real ◽

Cloud Data ◽

Real Time Visualization

Augmented reality (AR) is a useful visualization technology that displays information by adding virtual images to the real world. In AR systems that require three-dimensional information, point cloud data is easy to use after real-time acquisition, however, it is difficult to measure and visualize real-time objects due to the large amount of data and a matching process. In this paper we explored a method of estimating pipes from point cloud data and visualizing them in real-time through augmented reality devices. In general, pipe estimation in a point cloud uses a Hough transform and is performed through a preprocessing process, such as noise filtering, normal estimation, or segmentation. However, there is a disadvantage in that the execution time is slow due to a large amount of computation. Therefore, for the real-time visualization in augmented reality devices, the fast cylinder matching method using random sample consensus (RANSAC) is required. In this paper, we proposed parallel processing, multiple frames, adjustable scale, and error correction for real-time visualization. The real-time visualization method through the augmented reality device obtained a depth image from the sensor and configured a uniform point cloud using a voxel grid algorithm. The constructed data was analyzed according to the fast cylinder matching method using RANSAC. The real-time visualization method through augmented reality devices is expected to be used to identify problems, such as the sagging of pipes, through real-time measurements at plant sites due to the spread of various AR devices.

Download Full-text

GEUINF: Real-Time Visualization of Indoor Facilities Using Mixed Reality

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21041123 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (4) ◽

pp. 1123

Author(s):

David Jurado ◽

Juan M. Jurado ◽

Lidia Ortega ◽

Francisco R. Feito

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real World ◽

Mixed Reality ◽

3D Models ◽

Indoor Navigation ◽

Depth Sensing ◽

3D Vision ◽

The Real ◽

3D Data ◽

Real Time Visualization

Mixed reality (MR) enables a novel way to visualize virtual objects on real scenarios considering physical constraints. This technology arises with other significant advances in the field of sensors fusion for human-centric 3D capturing. Recent advances for scanning the user environment, real-time visualization and 3D vision using ubiquitous systems like smartphones allow us to capture 3D data from the real world. In this paper, a disruptive application for assessing the status of indoor infrastructures is proposed. The installation and maintenance of hidden facilities such as water pipes, electrical lines and air conditioning tubes, which are usually occluded behind the wall, supposes tedious and inefficient tasks. Most of these infrastructures are digitized but they cannot be visualized onsite. In this research, we focused on the development of a new application (GEUINF) to be launched on smartphones that are capable of capturing 3D data of the real world by depth sensing. This information is relevant to determine the user position and orientation. Although previous approaches used fixed markers for this purpose, our application enables the estimation of both parameters with a centimeter accuracy without them. This novelty is possible since our method is based on a matching process between reconstructed walls of the real world and 3D planes of the replicated world in a virtual environment. Our markerless approach is based on scanning planar surfaces of the user environment and then, these are geometrically aligned with their corresponding virtual 3D entities. In a preprocessing phase, the 2D CAD geometry available from an architectural project is used to generate 3D models of an indoor building structure. In real time, these virtual elements are tracked with the real ones modeled by using ARCore library. Once the alignment between virtual and real worlds is done, the application enables the visualization, navigation and interaction with the virtual facility networks in real-time. Thus, our method may be used by private companies and public institutions responsible of the indoor facilities management and also may be integrated with other applications focused on indoor navigation.

Download Full-text