scholarly journals Fibromyalgia: Recent Advances in Diagnosis, Classification, Pharmacotherapy and Alternative Remedies

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (21) ◽  
pp. 7877 ◽  
Author(s):  
Massimo E. Maffei
Keyword(s):  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Classification Criteria ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Organic Disease ◽  
Multidimensional Approach ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Diagnosis Classification ◽  
Alternative Remedies

Fibromyalgia (FM) is a syndrome that does not present a well-defined underlying organic disease. FM is a condition which has been associated with diseases such as infections, diabetes, psychiatric or neurological disorders, rheumatic pathologies, and is a disorder that rather than diagnosis of exclusion requires positive diagnosis. A multidimensional approach is required for the management of FM, including pain management, pharmacological therapies, behavioral therapy, patient education, and exercise. The purpose of this review is to summarize the recent advances in classification criteria and diagnostic criteria for FM as well as to explore pharmacotherapy and the use of alternative therapies including the use of plant bioactive molecules.

Recent advances on the synthesis of the antidepressant Paroxetine

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joana Santos ◽  
M. Fernanda Proença ◽  
Ana Joao Rodrigues ◽  
Patricia Patrício ◽  
H. Sofia Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Total Synthesis ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Serotonin Reuptake ◽  
Potent Inhibitor ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
Substitution Pattern ◽  
Biological Probes ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Treatment Of Depression ◽  
Made In

: Paroxetine is a potent inhibitor of serotonin reuptake and is widely prescribed for the treatment of depression and other neurological disorders. The synthesis of paroxetine and the possibility to prepare derivatives with a specific substitution pattern that may allow their use as biological probes, is an attractive topic especially for medicinal chemists engaged in neurosciences research. Considering the extensive work that was developed in the last decade on the total synthesis of paroxetine, this review summarizes the most important contributions in this field, organized according to the reagent that was used as starting material. Most of the methods allowed to prepare paroxetine in 4-9 steps with an overall yield of 9-66%. Despite the progress made in this area, there is still room for improvement, searching for new eco-friendly and sustainable synthetic alternatives.

Recent Advances in the Synthesis and Chemistry of Nitronates

Synthesis ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (15) ◽  
pp. 3255-3268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Tabolin ◽  
Alexey Sukhorukov ◽  
Sema Ioffe ◽  
Alexander Dilman
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Atom ◽  
Stereoselective Synthesis ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Silyl Nitronates ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Recent Developments

Due to their availability and versatile reactivity, nitronates have become important building blocks in the stereoselective synthesis of bioactive molecules. This short review provides a summary of recent developments on the synthesis, chemistry and applications of O-alkyl and O-silyl nitronates.1 Introduction2 Approaches to the Synthesis of Nitronates2.1 Synthesis of Six-Membered Cyclic Nitronates2.1.1 Formal [4+2] Approaches2.1.2 Formal [3+3] Approaches2.1.3 Other Approaches2.2 Synthesis of Five-Membered Cyclic Nitronates2.2.1 Formal [3+2] Approaches2.2.2 Formal [4+1] Approaches2.2.3 Oxidation Approaches3 Chemistry of Nitronates3.1 Nitronates as α-C-Nucleophiles3.2 Nitronates as α-C-Electrophiles3.3 Nitronates in [3+n]-Annulation Reactions3.4 Reactions Involving the β-Carbon Atom of Nitronates3.5 Miscellaneous Transformations4 Conclusion

scholarly journals Recent Advances in Understanding and Engineering Polyketide Synthesis

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenjun Zhang ◽  
Joyce Liu
Keyword(s):  
Biochemical Analysis ◽  
Polyketide Synthase ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Fundamental Understanding ◽  
Block Formation ◽  
Enzymatic Machinery

Polyketides are a diverse group of natural products that form the basis of many important drugs. The engineering of the polyketide synthase (PKS) enzymes responsible for the formation of these compounds has long been considered to have great potential for producing new bioactive molecules. Recent advances in this field have contributed to the understanding of this powerful and complex enzymatic machinery, particularly with regard to domain activity and engineering, unique building block formation and incorporation, and programming rules and limitations. New developments in tools for in vitro biochemical analysis, full-length megasynthase structural studies, and in vivo heterologous expression will continue to improve our fundamental understanding of polyketide synthesis as well as our ability to engineer the production of polyketides.

scholarly journals The Managements and alternative therapies for comorbid sleep disorders in epilepsy

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weifeng Peng ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Xin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Alternative Therapies ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Complementary And Alternative Therapies ◽  
Epileptiform Discharges ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy ◽  
Complementary And Alternative

Background: There is a complex and interactive relationship between sleep and epilepsy. Sleep disorders are common in patients with epilepsy, and methods for managing sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy are limited. Objective: This review is to address the relationships among sleep, sleep disorders, and epilepsy, focusing on the managements for sleep disorders in epilepsy, including some complementary and alternative therapies. Methods: The terms related to “sleep” and “epilepsy” were searched in “Pubmed” and “Cochrane Library”. Results: Sleep stages differently affects both of seizures and interictal epileptiform discharges. Seizures disrupt sleep architectures greatly, especially when arising from sleep in the night. Insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are the most frequent types of comorbid sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy. Pharmacological agents with both anti-convulsant and sedative effects are the priorities for comorbid sleep disorders in epilepsy. Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy is the most effective non-pharmacological method to improve OSA and reduce seizures. Complementary and alternative therapies such as Chinese traditional medicine, cognitive behavioral therapy, meditation, yoga, neurofeedback, and acupuncture may have benefits on reducing seizures and improving sleep quality simultaneously by alleviating stress and seizure triggers, however, evidence-based therapies are still in deficiency. Conclusion: Managements for sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy are challenging. Large sample randomized controlled trials are in demand in the future.

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