scholarly journals Role of the Cholinergic Anti-Inflammatory Reflex in Central Nervous System Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13427
Author(s):  
Ivan Emmanuel Ramos-Martínez ◽  
María Carmen Rodríguez ◽  
Marco Cerbón ◽  
Juan Carlos Ramos-Martínez ◽  
Edgar Gustavo Ramos-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Chemical Stimulation ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

In several central nervous system diseases, it has been reported that inflammation may be related to the etiologic process, therefore, therapeutic strategies are being implemented to control inflammation. As the nervous system and the immune system maintain close bidirectional communication in physiological and pathological conditions, the modulation of inflammation through the cholinergic anti-inflammatory reflex has been proposed. In this review, we summarized the evidence supporting chemical stimulation with cholinergic agonists and vagus nerve stimulation as therapeutic strategies in the treatment of various central nervous system pathologies, and their effect on inflammation.

Role of neurological research in rehabilitation after central nervous system diseases

1996 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 255-256
Author(s):  
F. Mari ◽  
L. Provinciali ◽  
Luigi Tesio ◽  
Chiara Gamba ◽  
Angelo Capelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Neurological Research

Differential role of MyD88 signaling in Streptococcus suis serotype 2-induced systemic and central nervous system diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (11) ◽  
pp. 697-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Philippe Auger ◽  
Marie-Odile Benoit-Biancamano ◽  
Christian Bédard ◽  
Mariela Segura ◽  
Marcelo Gottschalk
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Streptococcus Suis ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Myd88 Signaling ◽  
Suis Serotype ◽  
Streptococcus Suis Serotype 2

MyD88 signaling modulates the outcome of Streptococcus suis infection

scholarly journals Role of Exosomes in Central Nervous System Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wanying Liu ◽  
Xiaodan Bai ◽  
Ao Zhang ◽  
Juanjuan Huang ◽  
Shixin Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases

scholarly journals Secreted Extracellular Vesicle Molecular Cargo as a Novel Liquid Biopsy Diagnostics of Central Nervous System Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 3267
Author(s):  
Sara Monteiro-Reis ◽  
Carina Carvalho-Maia ◽  
Genevieve Bart ◽  
Seppo J. Vainio ◽  
Juliana Pedro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Extracellular Vesicle ◽  
Target Cells ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Pathological Conditions ◽  
Original Works ◽  
Molecular Components

Secreted extracellular vesicles (EVs) are heterogeneous cell-derived membranous granules which carry a large diversity of molecules and participate in intercellular communication by transferring these molecules to target cells by endocytosis. In the last decade, EVs’ role in several pathological conditions, from etiology to disease progression or therapy evasion, has been consolidated, including in central nervous system (CNS)-related disorders. For this review, we performed a systematic search of original works published, reporting the presence of molecular components expressed in the CNS via EVs, which have been purified from plasma, serum or cerebrospinal fluid. Our aim is to provide a list of molecular EV components that have been identified from both nonpathological conditions and the most common CNS-related disorders. We discuss the methods used to isolate and enrich EVs from specific CNS-cells and the relevance of its components in each disease context.

scholarly journals The role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 865-886
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Szewczyk ◽  
Apolonia Witecka ◽  
Anna Kiersztan
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Central Nervous System Diseases ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
The Central Nervous System

According to current knowledge, the number of microorganisms living in our body slightly exceeds the number of our own cells, and most of them occupy the large intestine. New methods for analyzing microorganisms residing in our intestine (intestinal microbiota) enable a better understanding of their metabolic, protective and structural functions as well as complex interactions with the host. The development of microbiota is dynamic, and its composition may change during our lifetime. Many factors can affect the composition of microbiota, such as diet, stress, age, genetic factors and antibiotic therapy. Microbiota-gut-brain communication is bi-directional and is mediated via neuronal, immunological and humoral pathways. This article focuses on gut-brain axis elements, such as the vagus nerve, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA), cytokines, neurotransmitters, hormones and intestinal peptides, allowing microbiota to contact with the central nervous system. Moreover, this article shows the mechanisms by which microbiota affects the brain functions related to our behavior, mood and cognitive processes. In addition, the role of microbiota composition disorders in the pathogenesis of central nervous system diseases (such as depression, autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease) is discussed. This article also focuses on the results from studies in which probiotics have been used as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders and also alleviating the symptoms of the central nervous system diseases.

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