scholarly journals Target-Site Mutations and Glutathione S-Transferases Are Associated with Acequinocyl and Pyridaben Resistance in the Two-Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihye Choi ◽  
Hyun-Na Koo ◽  
Sung Il Kim ◽  
Bueyong Park ◽  
Hyunkyung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Short Life ◽  
Resistance Development ◽  
Glutathione S Transferases ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Gst Activity

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is a difficult-to-control pest due to its short life cycle and rapid resistance development. In this study, we characterized field strains collected in 2001 and 2003 that were selected for acequinocyl resistance (AR) and pyridaben resistance (PR), respectively. These strains displayed resistance ratios of 1798.6 (susceptible vs. AR) and 5555.6 (susceptible vs. PR), respectively, and were screened for cross-resistance against several currently used acaricides. The AR strain exhibited pyridaben cross-resistance, but the PR strain showed no cross-resistance. The AR strain exhibited point mutations in cytb (I256V, N321S) and PSST (H92R). In contrast, the PR strain exhibited the H92R but not the I256V and N321S point mutations. In some cases increased glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity has previously been linked to enhanced detoxification. The AR strain exhibited approximately 2.3-, 1.8-, and 2.2-fold increased GST activity against 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene (CDNB), 1,2-dichloro-4-nitrobenzene (DCNB), and 4-nitrobenzyl chloride (NBC), respectively. Among the five GST subclass genes (delta, omega, mu, zeta, and kappa), the relative expression of delta class GSTs in the AR strain were significantly higher than the PR and susceptible strain. These results suggest that the I256V and N321S mutations and the increased GST metabolism and GST delta overexpression might be related to acequinocyl resistance in T. urticae.

scholarly journals Susceptibility to Acaricides and the Frequencies of Point Mutations in Etoxazole- and Pyridaben-Resistant Strains and Field Populations of the Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 660
Author(s):  
Hyun-Na Koo ◽  
Jihye Choi ◽  
Eungyeong Shin ◽  
Wonjin Kang ◽  
Sun-Ran Cho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Point Mutation ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Point Mutations ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Resistant Strains ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

The two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch is a major agricultural pest worldwide and is known to rapidly develop resistance to pesticides. In the present study, we explored a field strain that was collected in 2000 and 2003 and has been exhibiting resistance to etoxazole and pyridaben over the last 16 years. The resistance ratios of the etoxazole- and pyridaben-resistant strains (ER and PR) to etoxazole or pyridaben were more than 5,000,000- and 4109.6-fold higher than that of the susceptible strain, respectively. All field-collected populations showed resistance to etoxazole and pyridaben. The ER and PR strains showed cross-resistance to several acaricides. Both I1017F and H92R point mutations were detected in 7 out of 8 field groups. Spirodiclofen and spiromesifen resulted in more than 77.5% mortality in the 8 field groups. In addition, the genotype frequency of the I1017F point mutation was 100.0% in the ER strain, and that of the H92R point mutation was 97.0% in the PR strain. All of the field populations were found to have a high frequency of I1017F. These results suggest that the observation of resistance patterns will help in designing a sustainable IPM program for T. urticae.

Ethyl formate and phosphine fumigations on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae and their biochemical responses

2019 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyeongnam Kim ◽  
Yong Ho Lee ◽  
Gayoung Kim ◽  
Byung-Ho Lee ◽  
Jeong-Oh Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Respiratory Chain ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Ethyl Formate ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite

Abstract Two spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is a polyphagous pest to a variety of plants and they are hard to be controlled due to occurrence of resistance to acaricides. In this study, biochemical evaluation after ethyl formate (EF) and phosphine (PH3) fumigation towards T. urticae might help officials to control them in quarantine purposes. PH3 fumigation controlled eggs (LC50; 0.158 mg/L), nymphs (LC50; 0.030 mg/L), and adults (LC50; 0.059 mg/L) of T. urticae, and EF effectively affected nymphs (LC50; 2.826 mg/L) rather than eggs (LC50; 6.797 mg/L) and adults (LC50; 5.836 mg/L). In a longer exposure time of 20 h, PH3 fumigation was 94.2-fold more effective tool for control of T. urticae than EF fumigant. EF and PH3 inhibited cytochrome c oxidase (COX) activity differently in both nymphs and adults of T. urticae. It confirmed COX is one of target sites of these fumigants in T. urticae and COX is involved in the respiratory chain as complex IV. Molecular approaches showed that EF fumigation completely down-regulated the expression of cox11 gene at the concentration of LC10 value, while PH3 up-regulated several genes greater than twofold in T. urticae nymphs treated with the concentration of LC50 value. These increased genes by PH3 fumigation are ndufv1, atpB, para, and ace, responsible for the expression of NADH dehydrogenase [ubiquinone] flavoprotein 1, ATP synthase, and acetylcholinesterase in insects, respectively. Lipidomic analyses exhibited a significant difference between two fumigants-exposed groups and the control, especially an ion with 815.46 m/z was analyzed less than twofold in the fumigants-treated group. It was identified as PI(15:1/18:3) and it may be used as a biomarker to EF and PH3 toxicity. These findings may contribute to set an effective control strategy on T. urticae by methyl bromide alternatives such as EF and PH3 because they have shared target sites on the respiratory chain in the pest.

scholarly journals Effects of local isolates of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin on the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cenk Yucel
Keyword(s):  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Spider Mite ◽  
Lethal Effect ◽  
Probit Analysis ◽  
Plant Feeding ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Spotted Spider Mite ◽  
Short Time ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae Koch

Abstract Background The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), is a widely distributed plant-feeding pest that causes significant yield losses in a wide range of crops. Newly developed or improved environmentally friendly biocontrol agents serve as an alternative to traditional pest control tools. Experiment of the effects of 2 local fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) was carried out against T. urticae under laboratory conditions. Results Both tested isolates had lethal effect in a short time after application, and this effect increased as time progressed. BGF14 and BCA32 isolates caused T. urticae mortality rates ranging from 25.88 to 61.92 and 32.36 to 62.03% when applied at the concentrations between 1×105 and 1×108 conidia/ml, respectively. According to the Probit analysis performed on the effect of fungi on T. urticae adults, the LC50 values of BGF14 and BCA32 isolates on the 7th day after inoculation were 2.6×106 and 6.3×104 conidia/ml, respectively, and the LT50 values for both fungi applied at a concentration of 108 conidia/ml were 2.14 and 2.23 days, respectively. Conclusions The 2 isolates of B. bassiana (BGF14 and BCA32) had the potentials to suppress T. urticae population and can be recommended as promising biocontrol agent candidates for control of T. urticae.

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