scholarly journals Land-Use Effect on Olive Groves Pest Prays oleae and on Its Potential Biocontrol Agent Chrysoperla carnea

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
João Frederico Alves ◽  
Sara Mendes ◽  
António Alves da Silva ◽  
José Paulo Sousa ◽  
Daniel Paredes
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Agricultural Landscapes ◽  
Chrysoperla Carnea ◽  
Land Uses ◽  
Prays Oleae ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Olive Groves

Olive growing has been intensified through the simplification of agricultural landscapes. In order to rethink the environmental drawbacks of these practices, conservation biological control techniques have been examined. In this work, Prays oleae and its natural enemy Chrysoperla carnea were monitored to account for the effects of the amount and diversity of different land-uses. We found that C. carnea showed an attraction to areas with high abundances of P. oleae but this predator did not display any affection by the different land-uses. Inversely, P. oleae abundance was lower in diverse landscapes and higher in simplified ones. Importantly, higher abundances of C. carnea were related to lower infestation levels of P. oleae in the late part of the season. These results corroborate the attraction of C. carnea to the olive moth, highlighting the potential of C. carnea as a biological control agent of this pest, assert that the promotion of land-use diversity can reduce P. oleae and confirm that landscapes dominated by olive groves can promote this pest. The present study aims at contributing to the discussion about the management of agricultural ecosystems by providing farmers with sustainable alternatives that do not have harmful effects on the environment and public health.

scholarly journals A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: A case study of Chromolaena odorata

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1006-1011 ◽  
Author(s):  
AKHMAD RIZALI ◽  
MOCHAMMAD SYAMSUL HADI ◽  
PUDJIANTO PUDJIANTO ◽  
DAMAYANTI BUCHORI
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Trophic Interaction ◽  
Chromolaena Odorata ◽  
Invasive Weed ◽  
Land Use Types

Abstract. Authors. 2019. A new trophic interaction between invasive weed, its biological control agent, and local insects: a case study of Chromolaena odorata. Biodiversitas 20: 1006-1011. Invasive species have been known to cause biotic homogenization. The presence of Chromolaena odorata, an alien invasive weed, in agricultural habitat has outcompeted many crop plants. The presence of alien invasive weed creates a new trophic interaction especially with local herbivores as well as other associate insects. This study was aimed to investigate a new trophic interaction that has been established between C. odorata, its introduced biological control agent, and local insects. The research was conducted in various land-use types in both of Arjuno and Bromo mountain landscape. In each landscape, we surveyed the population density of C. odorata and its biological control agent (a gall fly, Cecidochares connexa) as well as observed the diversity and abundance of other insects associated with C. odorata. Samples were taken along the transect lines at various altitudinal gradients, from 400 to 1100 m asl. In total, 124 species of insects were found associated with C. odorata which include herbivores, parasitoids, and predators. The difference of land-use types affected the population density of C. odorata but not its herbivores (i.e. C. connexa and aphids). A new association was found between the introduced insect, C. connexa and local parasitoids. The field survey also discovered new associations between the invasive weed with local herbivores such as aphids that are found with high abundance. The aphids were found to have a symbiosis interaction with ants such as Anoplolepis gracilipes (invasive species) and Dolichoderus thoracicus. In conclusion, the ecological consequence of the presence of invasive weed species is the shaping of a new trophic interaction with local insects, even with other invasive ant species. This interaction arguably is part of an ecological process that formed an equilibrium interaction which may cause either a negative or positive impact on C. odorata.

scholarly journals Cladobotryum mycophilum as Potential Biocontrol Agent

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 891
Author(s):  
Mila Santos ◽  
Fernando Diánez ◽  
Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra ◽  
Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽  
Francisco J. Gea
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Dual Culture ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

A study was conducted to explore the efficacy of potential biocontrol agent Cladobotryum mycophilum against different phytopathogenic fungi. The growth rates of 24 isolates of C. mycophilum were determined, and their antagonistic activity was analysed in vitro and in vivo against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum, Fusarium solani, Phytophthora parasitica, Phytophthora capsici, Pythium aphanidermatum and Mycosphaerella melonis. Most isolates grow rapidly, reaching the opposite end of the Petri dish within 72–96 h. Under dual-culture assays, C. mycophilum showed antagonistic activity in vitro against all phytopathogenic fungi tested, with mycelial growth inhibition ranging from 30 to 90% against all the different phytopathogens tested. Similarly, of all the selected isolates, CL60A, CL17A and CL18A significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the disease incidence and severity in the plant assays compared to the controls for the different pathosystems studied. Based on these results, we conclude that C. mycophilum can be considered as a potential biological control agent in agriculture. This is the first study of Cladobotryum mycophilum as a biological control agent for different diseases caused by highly relevant phytopathogens in horticulture.

A case of ecological specialization in ladybirds:Iberorhyzobius rondensis(Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), potential biocontrol agent ofMatsucoccus feytaudi(Hemiptera: Matsucoccidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Tavares ◽  
H. Jactel ◽  
I. van Halder ◽  
Z. Mendel ◽  
M. Branco
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Biological Control Agent ◽  
Classical Biological Control ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Ecological Specialization ◽  
Egg Masses ◽  
Complete Development ◽  
The North ◽  
Potential Biocontrol Agent

AbstractSpecialization is an important attribute of a biological control agent. The maritime pine bast scale,Matsucoccus feytaudiDucasse (Hemiptera Matsucoccidae), is an invasive species in Southeast France and the North of Italy.Iberorhyzobius rondensisEizaguirre (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is a recently described ladybird species. Both adults and larvae are predaceous, feeding on egg masses ofM. feytaudi, and are strongly attracted toM. feytaudi’s sex pheromone. To evaluate the potential ofI. rondensisas a biocontrol agent of the scale, we studied its niche breadth and prey range with emphasis on pine forests and hemipterans as tested prey. In this study,I. rondensiswas found to achieve complete development only when fed onM. feytaudiegg masses (92.9% survival) and an artificial prey: eggs ofEphestia kuehniellaZeller (27.6% survival). From the 2nd instar onwards, complete development could be achieved using other prey species, although larvae had significantly higher mortality and slower development. In choice tests,M. feytaudiwas the preferred prey. Surveys of the ladybird populations in the Iberian Peninsula revealed that it was found exclusively onPinus pinasterAiton, the sole host ofM. feytaudi. The unusual specialization ofI. rondensis, among other predaceous ladybirds, makes it an appropriate candidate for classical biological control ofM. feytaudi.

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