scholarly journals Post-Mortem Interval Estimation Based on Insect Evidence: Current Challenges

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 314
Author(s):  
Szymon Matuszewski
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Review Literature ◽  
Error Rates ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Pmi Estimation

During death investigations insects are used mostly to estimate the post-mortem interval (PMI). These estimates are only as good as they are close to the true PMI. Therefore, the major challenge for forensic entomology is to reduce the estimation inaccuracy. Here, I review literature in this field to identify research areas that may contribute to the increase in the accuracy of PMI estimation. I conclude that research on the development and succession of carrion insects, thermogenesis in aggregations of their larvae and error rates of the PMI estimation protocols should be prioritized. Challenges of educational and promotional nature are discussed as well, particularly in relation to the collection of insect evidence.

The effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for post mortem interval estimation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Idha Arfianti Wiraagni ◽  
Yudha Nurhantari ◽  
Siti Rahmah Umniyati
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Wistar Rat ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Cyanide Group ◽  
Human Cadavers ◽  
Pmi Estimation ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Flies are one type of insect, which decompose the organic component in animals, and human cadavers. Therefore, the insects can be used to help the investigators related to human law. One of the methods to determine Post Mortem Interval [PMI] was by identifying the insects that come in the decay process. Some chemicals can affect the development of the insect and its life cycle. Cyanide is widely used to commit murder in Indonesia. The effect of cyanide on the development and life cycle of insects is a very interesting field to study. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of cyanide exposure to larvae weight for PMI estimation. This research was an experimental research that used larvae of Wistar rat carcass. The control group was killed by neck dislocation, while experimental group were killed by oral lethal doses of cyanide. Data were obtained from the measurement and examination of larvae, started from the 1st day until 4<sup>th</sup> day after death. Chrysomya, Sarcophaga, and Lucilia larvae were identified from this study. Sarcophaga larvae first appeared and next day followed by Chrysomya and Lucilia. There were significant differences in Chrysomya larvae weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4<sup>th</sup> day on cyanide group, with 56.4±16.8 mg of weight. There were Chrysomya third instar larvae on the 4<sup>th</sup> day on control group, with 30.4±5.5 mg of weight. The differences of larvae’s weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples. Chrysomya third instar larvae of cyanide group significantly heavier than control group on 4<sup>th</sup> day. The differences of larvae weight, among Sarcophaga and Lucilia larvae, could not be determined because there were not enough samples.

scholarly journals POST-MORTEM INTERVAL ESTIMATION BY CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID FILMS POLARIZATION IMAGES OPTICAL STRUCTURE CHANGING

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 711-718
Author(s):  
Marta Garazdiuk ◽  
Viktor Bachynskіy ◽  
Oleg Wanchuliak ◽  
Oleksandr Garazdiuk ◽  
Aleksandr Ushenko
Keyword(s):  
Optical Networks ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Polycrystalline Films ◽  
Fluid Films ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Optimal Interval ◽  
Optical Structure ◽  
Pmi Estimation

INTRODUCTION: Post-mortem interval (PMI) estimation has been and remains one of the main issues of forensic medicine. Complex photometric, polarization, and correlation techniques of biological tissue (BT) structure are crucial in this area.OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to develop and test two-dimensional Stokes-polarimetric mapping of biological layers to evaluate the accuracy of PMI assessments using statistical analysis of post-mortem changes and dynamics of the coordinate distributions for the polarization ellipticity (PE) images of polycrystalline films of liquor (PFL). Coordinate distributions of polarization ellipticity (PE) image values were estimated for each sample of PFL in the optical arrangement of the Stokes polarimeter using the method of two-dimensional distributions of Stokes-parameters.RESULTS: The most sensitive statistics to the post-mortem manifestations in terms of changes to liquor polycrystalline optical networks were those for the 3rd and 4th order. They characterized asymmetry and kurtosis (peak sharpness) of coordinate distributions for polarization ellipticity images of polycrystalline films of liquor. The optimal interval was 32 hours, with accuracy of 60 min, from the method of two-dimensional Stokes-polarimetric mapping used.

scholarly journals Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 Immunohistochemical Pattern in Skeletal and Cardiac Muscles at Different Times after Death: An Experimental Study on PMI Estimation

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1062
Author(s):  
Cristina Mondello ◽  
Chiara Stassi ◽  
Letteria Minutoli ◽  
Gennaro Baldino ◽  
Angela Alibrandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Caspase 3 ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Caspase 9 ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Cardiac Muscles ◽  
Preliminary Activation ◽  
Pmi Estimation

(1) Background: The estimation of the post mortem interval (PMI) is a challenge for forensic pathologists because data emerging from methods commonly applied are not always conclusive, since several conditions exist that may affect the reliability of these parameters. Thus, new approaches have been proposed to overcome such a limit. In recent years, several studies have been performed on proteins analyzing their expression/degradation patterns in relation to the progressing of the post mortem interval. (2) Methods: The immunoreactivity patterns of two apoptosis mediators—Caspase 9 and Caspase 3—have been tested in order to evaluate their potential role as markers of the post mortem interval. The immunohistochemical analysis was performed on samples of skeletal and cardiac muscles obtained from rats at 0, 4, 8, 12, 24 and 72 h after death. (3) Results: The observed immunoreactivity patterns of both Caspase 9 and Caspase 3 showed a significant correlation with increasing post mortem interval either in skeletal or cardiac muscles, while the comparison of the immunoreactivity patterns of the two apoptotic mediators within each tissue appeared consistent with a preliminary activation of the “initiator” Caspase 9, which, in turn, subsequently activates the “executioner” Caspase 3. (4) Conclusion: The different expressions and decrease immunohistochemically observed on both caspases with progressing PMI support the usefulness of the combined analysis for post mortem interval estimation.

scholarly journals Forensic entomology research and application in southern Africa: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 116 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Danisile Tembe ◽  
Samson Mukaratirwa
Keyword(s):  
Southern Africa ◽  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Criminal Investigation ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Criminal Investigations ◽  
Arthropod Species ◽  
Abundance And Diversity

The use of forensic entomology is well established in the northern hemisphere, but is still emerging in the southern hemisphere, where most of the current research is not explicitly undertaken in the context of forensics. In this review, we provide an update on the current status of forensic entomology research and its application in relation to estimation of post-mortem interval in various criminal investigations ranging from murder cases, cases of human neglect and the poaching of wildlife in southern Africa, among other issues. A literature search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus and EBSCOhost databases. The studies reviewed were focused on arthropod diversity during different stages of carcass decomposition, effect of seasons on the abundance and diversity of carrion feeding arthropod species during carcass decomposition, and diurnal and nocturnal oviposition of forensically important insect species during carcass decomposition. It was further observed that arthropod species that established on a decomposing carcass are potentially useful in the estimation of post-mortem interval and determining clues in cases of criminal investigations. The review confirmed the paucity of research in forensic entomology, and its application in southern Africa. Future studies on the research and application of forensic entomology in various criminal investigation scenarios – such as murder cases, human neglect, and wildlife poaching in southern Africa – are therefore needed. Significance: • Forensic entomology research and its application is lagging in southern Africa. • There is seasonal variation in the arthropod species used for estimation of post-mortem intervals in southern Africa. • Identification of arthropod species diversity in the region has potential for application in forensic investigations.

A novel method for post-mortem interval estimation based on tissue nano-mechanics

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 1133-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio De-Giorgio ◽  
Matteo Nardini ◽  
Federica Foti ◽  
Eleonora Minelli ◽  
Massimiliano Papi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Novel Method

Post-mortem interval estimation based on insect evidence in a quasi-indoor habitat

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Szymon Matuszewski ◽  
Anna Mądra-Bielewicz
Keyword(s):  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Post Mortem Interval

scholarly journals Characterization of necrophagus entomofauna in a typical agricultural area in Emilia-Romagna region (Northern Italy)

Entomologia ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Calzolari ◽  
F. Defilippo ◽  
G. Zani ◽  
M. Colombo ◽  
M. Dottori
Keyword(s):  
Forensic Entomology ◽  
Interval Estimation ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Agricultural Area ◽  
Post Mortem Interval ◽  
Po Valley ◽  
Flying Insects ◽  
Emilia Romagna Region ◽  
Pig Carcasses

This study presents a checklist of Dipterans and Coleopterans accountable for carrion decay in the Po Valley (Italy), a contribution to the Forensic Entomology knowledge in Italy. Insects colonizing two pig carcasses in an agricultural area in Mezzani municipality (Parma, Northern Italy) were sampled by pitfall traps and original Malaise-like traps, which allowed the sampling of a very relevant number of flying insects. A checklist of 57 taxa was obtained, of which 26 were considered of forensic importance. For the latter the arrival time of adult specimens on the carcasses was recorded, as an important parameter in minimum post mortem interval estimation. Dipterans (6141 specimens) were the most common insects; the fastest specimens to detect and colonize the carcass belonged to the Calliphoridae family, while Fanniidae and Muscidae infested the carrion until completion of the skeletal stage. Coleopterans appeared later (308 adult specimens and 114 larvae were captured). Staphylinidae, Dermestidae, and Histeridae were the most common coleopterans sampled in this study.

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