Threshold Effect of Financial System on High-Quality Economic Development

The relationship between financial system and economic development is not a simple linear relationship. In some cases, the development of finance may not improve the economic development level. This paper studies the influence of the financial system on the high-quality economic development, constructs the comprehensive index of the financial system by the factor analysis method, and calculates the green total factor productivity as the index of high-quality economic development by the CRS multiplier model. Empirically, this paper takes the panel data of 30 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China from 2005 to 2018 as samples, constructs the panel threshold model, and applies the financial system, economic development level, infrastructure, and industrial structure as threshold variables to study the nonlinear relationship between the financial system and high-quality economic development. The results demonstrate that the impact of the financial system on the high-quality economy presents an inverted U-shaped relationship when the financial system and industrial structure are the threshold variables, indicating that there is an optimal interval, that is, when the financial system threshold is between 0.1355 and 0.1377 and the industrial structure threshold is between 0.1364 and 0.1408, the financial system plays a greater role in the allocation of funds and has the most obvious positive impact on high-quality economic development. Meanwhile, the impact of the financial system on the high-quality shows a marginal decreasing trend when the economic development level and infrastructure are the threshold variables; when the economic development threshold is less than 0.1409 and the basic setting threshold is less than 0.1167, the financial system has the greatest effect on promoting high-quality economic development. Based on the research results, targeted policy suggestions are put forward.

Optimization of the capital structure of an agricultural company in the Czech Republic

The topic of optimizing capital structure is very important for a company to work efficiently and reliably. It is important for every company to optimize everything so that they have the highest possible efficiency. Entrepreneurs also try to make this optimization last them as long as possible. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to determine the optimal capital structure of an agricultural company operating in the Czech Republic. The base source of data is the closing data of individual agricultural companies from the Albertina database of Bisnode. More than 9,000 agricultural enterprises operating in the given sector of the national economy in the Czech Republic are recorded in this data set. The calculation of the WACC method and the level of debt of individual agricultural companies are used. Subsequently, the equation for calculating the cost of capital is determined using power regression. Here we also obtain the value of reliability, which in this particular case is not ideal, but still reasonable. A line chart is used to determine the optimal interval for the agricultural company. The optimal debt interval comes out to 20 to 25%, at which the cost of capital is declared to be from 22 to 24%. If agricultural companies had higher or lower debt ratios, it would be inefficient for the enterprise.

THROUGHPUT INCREASE IN THE OFFICE LI-FI SYSTEM

Background. Wi-Fi has many disadvantages, such as how the maximum bandwidth is limited by the frequency of the range. The work uses Li-Fi technology, which uses visible light for data transmission. The frequency range of Li-Fi is 1000 times greater than the entire radio range. Feedback is used to increase the throughput. But the feedback decreases the bandwidth of the downstream signal. Objective. The purpose of the paper is to analyse what parameters are advisable to change to increase the throughput of the Li-Fi system. Methods. Study of the simulated dependence of the optimal interval change for using the feedback, and using this interval plot the dependence of the throughput on the change in the parameters of the Li-Fi system with a mobile user. Results. With an increase in the area of the photodiode and its refractive index, the throughput increases. As the receiver speed increases, the throughput decreases slightly <0.1%. Reducing the angle of the photodiode field of view and the half-angle of radiation significantly increases the throughput (by 50%) only when decreasing to small angles (<10 °). Conclusions. It is advisable to make photodiode from a material with a high refractive index, with a big area. Since mobile devices are often used in the office Li-Fi network, it is not advisable to reduce the receiver's viewing angle, as well as to reduce the half-angle of radiation. It may also be beneficial to give mobile users more download throughput than upload throughput.

Simulation of the photonic nanojet effect for Raman scattering enhancement in the diagnostics of oxide films

In this paper, by means of numerical simulations in the COMSOL Multiphysics software it’s demonstrated that Raman scattering enhancement can be achieved for the diagnosis of metal oxide films using spherical particles made of barium titanate with a 10-micron diameter sphere. The formation of photonic nanojet in the sphere/film/substrate system at different radiation wavelengths and microsphere refractive index, film, and substrate was studied. The optimal interval of the particle refractive index is n≈1.8-2 was determined, at which the gain occurs directly at the particle/film interface. It is shown that for the UV wavelength range of wavelengths and film thicknesses from 50 to 200 nm, the gain is maximum. For ZnO and PZT films in the perovskite phase, sitall and quartz are preferred as the substrate material, while for PZT in the pyrochlore phase, sapphire is preferred.

An adaptive gBOIN design with shrinkage boundaries for phase I dose-finding trials

Background With the emergence of molecularly targeted agents and immunotherapies, the landscape of phase I trials in oncology has been changed. Though these new therapeutic agents are very likely induce multiple low- or moderate-grade toxicities instead of DLT, most of the existing phase I trial designs account for the binary toxicity outcomes. Motivated by a pediatric phase I trial of solid tumor with a continuous outcome, we propose an adaptive generalized Bayesian optimal interval design with shrinkage boundaries, gBOINS, which can account for continuous, toxicity grades endpoints and regard the conventional binary endpoint as a special case. Result The proposed gBOINS design enjoys convergence properties, e.g., the induced interval shrinks to the toxicity target and the recommended dose converges to the true maximum tolerated dose with increased sample size. Conclusion The proposed gBOINS design is transparent and simple to implement. We show that the gBOINS design has the desirable finite property of coherence and large-sample property of consistency. Numerical studies show that the proposed gBOINS design yields good performance and is comparable with or superior to the competing design.

Probability-of-decision interval 3+3 (POD-i3+3) design for phase I dose finding trials with late-onset toxicity

Late-onset toxicities often occur in phase I trials investigating novel immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapies. For trials with cohort based designs (such as modified toxicity probability interval, Bayesian optimal interval, and i3+3), patients are often turned away since the current cohort are still being followed without definite dose-limiting toxicities, which results in prolonged trial duration and waste of patient resources. In this paper, we incorporate a probability-of-decision framework into the i3+3 design and allow real-time dosing inference when the next patient becomes available. Both follow-up time for the pending patients and time to dose-limiting toxicities for the observed patients are used in calculating the posterior probability of each possible dosing decision. An intensive simulation study is conducted to evaluate the operating characteristics of the newly proposed probability-of-decision-i3+3 design under various dosing scenarios and patient accrual settings. Results show that the probability-of-decision-i3+3 design achieves comparable safety and reliability performances but much shorter trial duration compared to the complete designs.