scholarly journals Characterization of Thermal and Time Exposure to Improve Artificial Diet for Western Corn Rootworm Larvae

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 783
Author(s):  
Man P. Huynh ◽  
Adriano E. Pereira ◽  
Ryan W. Geisert ◽  
Michael G. Vella ◽  
Thomas A. Coudron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Diet ◽  
Thermal Exposure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Time Exposure ◽  
Fold Reduction ◽  
Linear Effects

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera LeConte, is the most serious pest of maize in the United States. In pursuit of developing a diet free of antibiotics for WCR, we characterized effects of thermal exposure (50–141 °C) and length of exposure on quality of WCRMO-2 diet measured by life history parameters of larvae (weight, molting, and survival) reared on WCRMO-2 diet. Our results indicated that temperatures had non-linear effects on performance of WCRMO-2 diet, and no impacts were observed on the length of time exposure. The optimum temperature of diet processing was 60 °C for a duration less than 30 min. A significant decline in development was observed in larvae reared on WCRMO-2 diet pretreated above 75 °C. Exposing WCRMO-2 diet to high temperatures (110–141 °C) even if constrained for brief duration (0.9–2.3 s) caused 2-fold reduction in larval weight and significant delays in larval molting but no difference in survival for 10 days compared with the control diet prepared at 65 °C for 10 min. These findings provide insights into the effects of thermal exposure in insect diet processing.

EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Xie ◽  
D. Gagnon ◽  
J.T. Arnason ◽  
B.J.R. Philogène ◽  
J.D.H. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

Corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious pest insect of corn production. It is estimated that farmers in the United States have losses of over $1 billion each year as a result of crop damage and treatment costs for this pest (Metcalf 1986). Chemical control is the main method of suppressing corn rootworm populations and the amount of insecticide used against Diabrotica spp. is greater than for any other pests of corn in the United States (Suguiyama and Carlson 1985). The development of nontoxic and biodegradable alternatives to chemical insecticides is highly desirable.

scholarly journals The Use of Insecticides to Manage the Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte: History, Field-Evolved Resistance, and Associated Mechanisms

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance J. Meinke ◽  
Dariane Souza ◽  
Blair D. Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte ◽  
Over Time

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Dvv) is a significant insect pest of maize in the United States (U.S.). This paper reviews the history of insecticide use in Dvv management programs, Dvv adaptation to insecticides, i.e., field-evolved resistance and associated mechanisms of resistance, plus the current role of insecticides in the transgenic era. In the western U.S. Corn Belt where continuous maize is commonly grown in large irrigated monocultures, broadcast-applied soil or foliar insecticides have been extensively used over time to manage annual densities of Dvv and other secondary insect pests. This has contributed to the sequential occurrence of Dvv resistance evolution to cyclodiene, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides since the 1950s. Mechanisms of resistance are complex, but both oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism contribute to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid resistance facilitating cross-resistance between insecticide classes. History shows that Dvv insecticide resistance can evolve quickly and may persist in field populations even in the absence of selection. This suggests minimal fitness costs associated with Dvv resistance. In the transgenic era, insecticides function primarily as complementary tools with other Dvv management tactics to manage annual Dvv densities/crop injury and resistance over time.

scholarly journals Binary Toxins from Bacillus thuringiensis Active against the Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte

2004 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 4889-4898 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Baum ◽  
Chi-Rei Chu ◽  
Mark Rupar ◽  
Gregory R. Brown ◽  
William P. Donovan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Binary Toxin ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Crystal Proteins ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a significant pest of corn in the United States. The development of transgenic corn hybrids resistant to rootworm feeding damage depends on the identification of genes encoding insecticidal proteins toxic to rootworm larvae. In this study, a bioassay screen was used to identify several isolates of the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis active against rootworm. These bacterial isolates each produce distinct crystal proteins with approximate molecular masses of 13 to 15 kDa and 44 kDa. Insect bioassays demonstrated that both protein classes are required for insecticidal activity against this rootworm species. The genes encoding these proteins are organized in apparent operons and are associated with other genes encoding crystal proteins of unknown function. The antirootworm proteins produced by B. thuringiensis strains EG5899 and EG9444 closely resemble previously described crystal proteins of the Cry34A and Cry35A classes. The antirootworm proteins produced by strain EG4851, designated Cry34Ba1 and Cry35Ba1, represent a new binary toxin. Genes encoding these proteins could become an important component of a sustainable resistance management strategy against this insect pest.

scholarly journals Structural and functional characterization of Mpp75Aa1.1, a putative beta-pore forming protein from Brevibacillus laterosporus active against the western corn rootworm

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (10) ◽  
pp. e0258052
Author(s):  
Jean-Louis Kouadio ◽  
Stephen Duff ◽  
Michael Aikins ◽  
Meiying Zheng ◽  
Timothy Rydel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crystal Structure ◽  
Amino Acids ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Functional Characterization ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Insecticidal Proteins

The western corn rootworm (WCR), Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte, is a major corn pest of significant economic importance in the United States. The continuous need to control this corn maize pest and the development of field-evolved resistance toward all existing transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) expressing Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) insecticidal proteins against WCR has prompted the development of new insect-protected crops expressing distinct structural classes of insecticidal proteins. In this current study, we describe the crystal structure and functional characterization of Mpp75Aa1.1, which represents the first corn rootworm (CRW) active insecticidal protein member of the ETX_MTX2 sub-family of beta-pore forming proteins (β-PFPs), and provides new and effective protection against WCR feeding. The Mpp75Aa1.1 crystal structure was solved at 1.94 Å resolution. The Mpp75Aa1.1 is processed at its carboxyl-terminus by WCR midgut proteases, forms an oligomer, and specifically interacts with putative membrane-associated binding partners on the midgut apical microvilli to cause cellular tissue damage resulting in insect death. Alanine substitution of the surface-exposed amino acids W206, Y212, and G217 within the Mpp75Aa1.1 putative receptor binding domain I demonstrates that at least these three amino acids are required for WCR activity. The distinctive spatial arrangement of these amino acids suggests that they are part of a receptor binding epitope, which may be unique to Mpp75Aa1.1 and not present in other ETX_MTX2 proteins that do not have WCR activity. Overall, this work establishes that Mpp75Aa1.1 shares a mode of action consistent with traditional WCR-active Bt proteins despite significant structural differences.

scholarly journals Author Correction: Characterization of DvSSJ1 transcripts targeting the smooth septate junction (SSJ) of western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xu Hu ◽  
Chad J. Boeckman ◽  
Bin Cong ◽  
Joe P. Steimel ◽  
Nina M. Richtman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Septate Junction ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

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