EFFECTS OF AZADIRACHTIN ON THE WESTERN CORN ROOTWORM, DIABROTICA VIRGIFERA VIRGIFERA (LECONTE) (COLEOPTERA: CHRYSOMELIDAE)

1991 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 707-710 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.S. Xie ◽  
D. Gagnon ◽  
J.T. Arnason ◽  
B.J.R. Philogène ◽  
J.D.H. Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Corn Production ◽  
Main Method ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

Corn rootworm (Diabrotica spp., Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious pest insect of corn production. It is estimated that farmers in the United States have losses of over $1 billion each year as a result of crop damage and treatment costs for this pest (Metcalf 1986). Chemical control is the main method of suppressing corn rootworm populations and the amount of insecticide used against Diabrotica spp. is greater than for any other pests of corn in the United States (Suguiyama and Carlson 1985). The development of nontoxic and biodegradable alternatives to chemical insecticides is highly desirable.

scholarly journals The Use of Insecticides to Manage the Western Corn Rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, LeConte: History, Field-Evolved Resistance, and Associated Mechanisms

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lance J. Meinke ◽  
Dariane Souza ◽  
Blair D. Siegfried
Keyword(s):  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
The United States ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Pyrethroid Insecticides ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte ◽  
Over Time

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Dvv) is a significant insect pest of maize in the United States (U.S.). This paper reviews the history of insecticide use in Dvv management programs, Dvv adaptation to insecticides, i.e., field-evolved resistance and associated mechanisms of resistance, plus the current role of insecticides in the transgenic era. In the western U.S. Corn Belt where continuous maize is commonly grown in large irrigated monocultures, broadcast-applied soil or foliar insecticides have been extensively used over time to manage annual densities of Dvv and other secondary insect pests. This has contributed to the sequential occurrence of Dvv resistance evolution to cyclodiene, organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid insecticides since the 1950s. Mechanisms of resistance are complex, but both oxidative and hydrolytic metabolism contribute to organophosphate, carbamate, and pyrethroid resistance facilitating cross-resistance between insecticide classes. History shows that Dvv insecticide resistance can evolve quickly and may persist in field populations even in the absence of selection. This suggests minimal fitness costs associated with Dvv resistance. In the transgenic era, insecticides function primarily as complementary tools with other Dvv management tactics to manage annual Dvv densities/crop injury and resistance over time.

scholarly journals Inheritance and Fitness Costs of Cry3Bb1 Resistance in Diapausing Field Strains of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2873-2882
Author(s):  
Ram B Shrestha ◽  
Aaron J Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Rate ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Inheritance Of Resistance ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Fitness Costs ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

Abstract Field-evolved resistance to Cry3Bb1 corn by western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte (Colleoptera: Chrysomellidae), has been reported in field populations in Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska, and Minnesota. Inheritance and fitness costs associated with Cry3Bb1 resistance have been determined for non-diapausing laboratory strains of western corn rootworm with either laboratory-selected resistance or field-derived resistance. However, information on inheritance and fitness costs of Cry3Bb1 resistance in the diapausing field populations is lacking. In this study, we determined the inheritance of Cry3Bb1 resistance for four diapausing field strains of western corn rootworm using plant-based bioassays. We also determined the fitness costs for eight diapausing field populations in a greenhouse experiment. We found that Cry3Bb1 resistance was an autosomal trait and that the inheritance of resistance was mostly non-recessive; however, there was some variation in the dominance of Cry3Bb1 resistance. We did not find evidence of fitness costs affecting survival to adulthood, developmental rate, or adult dry mass. However, we did detect a fitness cost affecting adult size. The results of this study will add to the current understanding of field-evolved resistance to Cry3Bb1 corn by western corn rootworm and help in developing better strategies to manage resistance.

scholarly journals Prediction of adult western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte) emergence

2013 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
T. Středa ◽  
O. Vahala ◽  
H. Středová
Keyword(s):  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Threshold Temperature ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Degree Days ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Sum Of Effective Temperatures ◽  
Effective Temperatures ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte

The sum of effective temperatures (SET) of adult western corn rootworm (WCR) occurrence was determined based on several criteria. The risk of WCR occurrence was mapped, and the areas of continuous reproduction of WCR in the Czech Republic were identified. The daily soil SET was observed until the initial adult WCR occurrence, and it ranged from 414 degree days (DD) when the lower threshold temperature (LTT) was 12.5°C at 0.02 m depth to 719 DD (LTT of 10°C at a depth of 0.05 m). The daily air SET ranged from 415 DD (LTT 12.5°C at a height of 2 m) to 726 DD (LTT of 10°C at a height of 0.05 m).  

Identification of sensilla involved in taste mediation in adult western corn rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera virgifera LeConte)

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwester Chyb ◽  
Herbert Eichenseer ◽  
Benedict Hollister ◽  
Christopher A. Mullin ◽  
James L. Frazier
Keyword(s):  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera ◽  
Western Corn Rootworm ◽  
Corn Rootworm ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera ◽  
Diabrotica Virgifera Virgifera Leconte
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