scholarly journals The Key Glutathione S-Transferase Family Genes Involved in the Detoxification of Rice Gramine in Brown Planthopper Nilaparvata lugens

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055
Author(s):  
Jun Yang ◽  
Xiang-Dong Kong ◽  
Keyan Zhu-Salzman ◽  
Qing-Ming Qin ◽  
Qing-Nian Cai

Phytochemical toxins are considered a defense measure for herbivore invasion. To adapt this defensive strategy, herbivores use glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) as an important detoxification enzyme to cope with toxic compounds, but the underlying molecular basis for GST genes in this process remains unclear. Here, we investigated the basis of how GST genes in brown planthopper (BPH, Nilaparvata lugens (Stål)) participated in the detoxification of gramine by RNA interference. For BPH, the LC25 and LC50 concentrations of gramine were 7.11 and 14.99 μg/mL at 72 h after feeding, respectively. The transcriptions of seven of eight GST genes in BPH were induced by a low concentration of gramine, and GST activity was activated. Although interferences of seven genes reduced BPH tolerance to gramine, only the expression of NlGST1-1, NlGSTD2, and NlGSTE1 was positively correlated with GST activities, and silencing of these three genes inhibited GST activities in BPH. Our findings reveal that two new key genes, NlGSTD2 and NlGSTE1, play an essential role in the detoxification of gramine such as NlGST1-1 does in BPH, which not only provides the molecular evidence for the coevolution theory, but also provides new insight into the development of an environmentally friendly strategy for herbivore population management.

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. e47413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiranan Piyaphongkul ◽  
Jeremy Pritchard ◽  
Jeff Bale

2015 ◽  
Vol 105 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-J. Wan ◽  
L. Yang ◽  
S.-Y. Yuan ◽  
Y.-H. Tang ◽  
Q. Fu ◽  
...  

AbstractThe brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens is a serious phloem-feeding pest of rice in China. The current study focuses on a saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH) that catalyzes the penultimate reaction in biosynthesis of the amino acid lysine (Lys), which plays a role in insect growth and carnitine production (as a substrate). The protein, provisionally designated as NlylsSDH [a SDH derived from yeast-like symbiont (YLS) in N. lugens], had a higher transcript level in abdomens, compared with heads, wings, legs and thoraces, which agrees with YLS distribution in N. lugens. Ingestion of Nlylssdh targeted double-stranded RNA (dsNlylssdh) for 5, 10 and 15 days decreased the mRNA abundance in the hoppers by 47, 70 and 31%, respectively, comparing with those ingesting normal or dsegfp diets. Nlylssdh knockdown slightly decreased the body weights, significantly delayed the development of females, and killed approximately 30% of the nymphs. Moreover, some surviving adults showed two apparent phenotypic defects: wing deformation and nymphal cuticles remained on tips of the legs and abdomens. The brachypterours/macropterours and sex ratios (female/male) of the adults on the dsRNA diet were lowered compared with the adults on diets without dsRNA. These results suggest that Nlylssdh encodes a functional SDH protein. The adverse effect of Nlylssdh knockdown on N. lugens implies the importance of Lys in hopper development. This study provides a proof of concept example that Nlylssdh could serve as a possible dsRNA-based pesticide for planthopper control.


Agrologia ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martua Suhunan Sianipar

Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is a main pest of paddy. The purpose of this research is to study the population of Brown Planthopper and the natural enemy. The method of this research using survey. Survey was conducted in three experimental plots at JatisariSubdistrict, Karawang District, West Javaand in the greenhouse of the Department of Plant Pests and Deseases, Faculty of Agriculture,  Universitas Padjadjaran. The sample were collected by systematically diagonal using yellow stiky trap and manually or visual counting. The result showed population fluctuation BPH below the economy line where is temperature, humidity and rainfall did not significantly effect to the BPH population. It was indicated by the regression analysis of each temperature Y= (- 24.225 + 1.008 X1 ; R2 =0,020; P/Sign = 0.660),  Humidity  (Y=- 32.337 + 0.424 X2; R2  = 0,124; P/ Sign  = 0.261) and Rainfall (Y=1.707 + 0.090 X3 ; R2  = 0.050; P/ Sign = 0.487). There is a relation between temperature, humidity and rainfall to BPH (Y = - 123 + 2.685 T + 0.649 RH - 0.14 CH; R2 = 0.236; P/ Sign = 0.516) dit not significantly because as the value of significance (P = Sign)  > 0.05.8. The diversity index was moderate 1.88


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