scholarly journals Subcutaneous, Paracardiac, and Epicardial Fat CT Density Before/After Contrast Injection: Any Correlation with CAD?

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Caterina Beatrice Monti ◽  
Davide Capra ◽  
Alexis Malavazos ◽  
Giorgia Florini ◽  
Carlo Parietti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Tissue Density ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Ct Density ◽  
Enhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

Adipose tissue, in particular epicardial adipose tissue, has been identified as a potential biomarker of cardiovascular pathologies such as coronary artery disease (CAD) in the light of its metabolic activity and close anatomic and pathophysiologic relationship to the heart. Our purpose was to evaluate epicardial adipose tissue density at both unenhanced and contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT), along with CT densities of paracardiac and subcutaneous adipose tissue, as well as the relations of such densities with CAD. We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent cardiac CT at our institution for CAD assessment. We segmented regions of interest on epicardial, paracardiac, and subcutaneous adipose tissue on unenhanced and contrast-enhanced scans. A total of 480 patients were included, 164 of them presenting with CAD. Median epicardial adipose tissue density measured on contrast-enhanced scans (−81.5 HU; interquartile range −84.9 to −78.0) was higher than that measured on unenhanced scans (−73.4 HU; −76.9 to −69.4) (p < 0.001), whereas paracardiac and subcutaneous adipose tissue densities were not (p ≥ 0.055). Patients with or without CAD, did not show significant differences in density of epicardial, paracardiac, and subcutaneous adipose tissue either on unenhanced or contrast-enhanced scans (p ≥ 0.092). CAD patients may experience different phenomena (inflammation, fibrosis, increase in adipose depots) leading to rises or drops in epicardial adipose tissue density, resulting in variations that are difficult to detect.

Sea cucumbers with an anti-inflammatory effect on endothelial cells and subcutaneous but not on epicardial adipose tissue

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 953-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Mena-Bueno ◽  
Miroslava Atanasova ◽  
Ángel Fernández-Trasancos ◽  
Beatriz Paradela-Dobarro ◽  
Susana B. Bravo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Sea Cucumbers ◽  
Inflammatory Proteins ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Progression Of Atherosclerosis ◽  
Inflammatory Effect

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) contains higher levels of inflammatory proteins and lower adiponectin levels than subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), enhancing the progression of atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals RANTES release by human adipose tissue in vivo and evidence for depot-specific differences

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (6) ◽  
pp. E1262-E1268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana Madani ◽  
Kalypso Karastergiou ◽  
Nicola C. Ogston ◽  
Nazar Miheisi ◽  
Rahul Bhome ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Obese Subjects ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Circulating Levels

Obesity is associated with elevated inflammatory signals from various adipose tissue depots. This study aimed to evaluate release of regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES) by human adipose tissue in vivo and ex vivo, in reference to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) release. Arteriovenous differences of RANTES, MCP-1, and IL-6 were studied in vivo across the abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue in healthy Caucasian subjects with a wide range of adiposity. Systemic levels and ex vivo RANTES release were studied in abdominal subcutaneous, gastric fat pad, and omental adipose tissue from morbidly obese bariatric surgery patients and in thoracic subcutaneous and epicardial adipose tissue from cardiac surgery patients without coronary artery disease. Arteriovenous studies confirmed in vivo RANTES and IL-6 release in adipose tissue of lean and obese subjects and release of MCP-1 in obesity. However, in vivo release of MCP-1 and RANTES, but not IL-6, was lower than circulating levels. Ex vivo release of RANTES was greater from the gastric fat pad compared with omental ( P = 0.01) and subcutaneous ( P = 0.001) tissue. Epicardial adipose tissue released less RANTES than thoracic subcutaneous adipose tissue in lean ( P = 0.04) but not obese subjects. Indexes of obesity correlated with epicardial RANTES but not with systemic RANTES or its release from other depots. In conclusion, RANTES is released by human subcutaneous adipose tissue in vivo and in varying amounts by other depots ex vivo. While it appears unlikely that the adipose organ contributes significantly to circulating levels, local implications of this chemokine deserve further investigation.

Subcutaneous adipose tissue omentin-1 in coronary artery disease patients

2020 ◽  
pp. 21-30
Author(s):  
И.А. Побожева ◽  
А.А. Пантелеева ◽  
Е.А. Полякова ◽  
К.В. Драчева ◽  
Н.Д. Разгильдина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Serum Concentration ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Pparg Mrna

Дисбаланс в секреции адипокинов жировой тканью может играть роль в развитии сердечно-сосудистой патологии при ожирении. Оментин-1, один из адипокинов жировой ткани, обладает противовоспалительным, антиоксидантным, антиатерогенным эффектами. Снижение концентрации оментина-1 в сыворотке крови может рассматриваться как биомаркер сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Цель работы - исследование экспрессии гена оментина-1 (ITLN1) в подкожной жировой ткани (ПЖТ) у пациентов с ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС) и в группе сравнения, включающее сравнительный анализ уровня мРНК и белка в ПЖТ, концентрации оментина-1 в сыворотке крови, а также оценку корреляции экспрессии гена ITLN1 и гена ключевого транскрипционного регулятора адипогенеза - рецептора, активируемого пероксисомным пролифератором, гамма (PPARG). Были исследованы образцы ПЖТ и сыворотки крови 74 пациентов с ИБС, перенесших операцию коронарного шунтирования, и 16 пациентов (группа сравнения), оперированных по поводу клапанных пороков сердца. Уровень мРНК генов ITLN1 и PPARG в ПЖТ оценивали методом ПЦР в реальном времени. Уровень белка оментина-1 в ПЖТ определяли методом вестерн-блот. Концентрацию оментина-1 в сыворотке крови измеряли методом ИФА. Концентрация оментина-1 в сыворотке крови была ниже в группе пациентов с ИБС, чем у обследованных из группы сравнения (р<0,01), и отрицательно коррелировала с окружностью талии у всех обследованных (r=-0,307, p<0,01). Не было выявлено различий в содержании мРНК гена ITLN1 и белка оментина-1 в ПЖТ между исследуемыми группами. Уровень мРНК гена ITLN1 коррелировал с уровнем белка оментина-1 в ПЖТ (r=0,373, р<0,05). Более высокий уровень белка оментина-1 в ПЖТ был выявлен у мужчин по сравнению с этим показателем у женщин (р<0,05), однако у женщин концентрация оментина-1 в сыворотке крови была выше, чем у мужчин (р<0,05). Уровень мРНК гена PPARG в ПЖТ был ниже у пациентов с ИБС (р<0,05). Концентрация оментина-1 в сыворотке крови положительно коррелировала с уровнем мРНК гена PPARG в ПЖТ (r=0,338, p<0,05). Среди всех обследованных уровень мРНК гена ITLN1 и уровень белка оментина-1 в ПЖТ отрицательно коррелировали с мРНК гена PPARG в ПЖТ (r=-0,444, p<0,01 и r=-0,475, p<0,01, соответственно). Аналогичные корреляции сохранялись для подгруппы мужчин (r= -0,422, p<0,05 и r= -0,609, p<0,01, соответственно). ИБС, ожирение и мужской пол ассоциированы со снижением концентрации оментина-1 в сыворотке крови. Установлены гендерные особенности регуляции экспрессии гена оментина-1 в ПЖТ. Imbalance in secretion of adipose tissue adipokines may play a role in the development of cardiovascular pathology associated with obesity. Omentin-1 is an adipokine with antiinflammatory, antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties, therefore it’s serum concentration is considered as a biomarker of cardiovascular diseases. Objective: Investigation of omentin-1 gene (ITLN1) expression in SAT in coronary artery disease (CAD) patients and in the control group, including сomparative analysis of ITLN1 mRNA and protein levels in SAT, omentin-1 serum concentration, as well as an assessment of the correlation of the ITLN1 gene expression with the mRNA level of PPARG gene encoding peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma as the key regulator of adipogenesis. Subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies and serum samples from 74 patients with CAD, undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting, and 16 persons of the control group, were included in the study. ITLN1 and PPARG mRNA levels were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Omentin-1 protein level in SAT was measured by western-blot. Serum omentin-1 concentration was determined by ELISA. Serum omentin-1 concentration was decreased in the CAD group compared to controls (p<0,01), and inversely correlated with waist circumference among all examined individuals (r = -0.307, p <0.01). No differences were found in the ITLN1 mRNA and omentin-1 protein levels in SAT between the studied groups. The ITLN1 mRNA and omentin-1 protein levels in SAT were positively correlated (r=0,373, p<0.05). A higher level of omentin-1 protein in SAT was detected in men compared with women (p <0.05), however, omentin-1 serum concentration was higher in women (p <0.05). The PPARG mRNA level in SAT was lower in patients with CAD (p <0.05). Omentin-1 serum concentration was positively correlated with the PPARG mRNA level in SAT (r =0.338, p <0.05). The ITLN1 mRNA and omentin-1 protein levels were negatively correlated with the PPARG mRNA in SAT among all examined individuals (r = -0.444, p <0.01 and r = -0.475, p <0.01, respectively). These correlations persisted only in men subgroup when men and women were analyzed separately (r= -0,422, p<0,05 and r= -0,609, p<0,01, respectively). CAD, adiposity and male gender are associated with reduced omentin-1 serum concentration. Gender differences of omentin-1 gene expression regulation in SAT were demonstrated.

scholarly journals Receptor for advanced glycation end-products expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue is related to coronary artery disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 164 (4) ◽  
pp. 529-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
B K Rodiño-Janeiro ◽  
A Salgado-Somoza ◽  
E Teijeira-Fernández ◽  
J R González-Juanatey ◽  
E Álvarez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Advanced Glycation ◽  
Glycation End Products ◽  
End Products ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Rage Expression

ObjectiveObesity, a risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), is associated with inflammation and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, while advanced glycation end-products, through their receptor (AGER or RAGE), play an important role on these processes. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression levels of RAGE, NADPH oxidase subunits, and catalase in adipose tissue in relation with CAD.Design and methodsPatients undergoing heart surgery were included in two groups: with and without CAD. Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) biopsies were analyzed for gene expression by RT-quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, or western blot.ResultsRAGE mRNA and protein expression in SAT from patients with CAD was lower than in patients without CAD. However, there was no change in EAT from patients with or without CAD. P22-PHOX and RAGE gene expression were higher in EAT than in SAT, whereas catalase mRNA levels were lower. NADPH oxidase subunits and catalase mRNA expression were not influenced by CAD. Whereas NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative response of SAT and EAT to lipid circulating levels could be different; glycemic levels were not related with the analyzed genes expression.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that RAGE expression in SAT, but not in EAT, is down-regulated in patients with CAD with respect to those without CAD. Although changes were not observed for NADPH oxidase subunits or catalase expression between CAD and non-CAD patients, a possible relationship between ROS production and RAGE expression in adipose tissues cannot be ruled out.

Lipid Profiling in Epicardial and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue of Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 3993-4003
Author(s):  
Petra Tomášová ◽  
Martina Čermáková ◽  
Helena Pelantová ◽  
Marek Vecka ◽  
Helena Kratochvílová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Profiling ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

scholarly journals Adipokines of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of obesity and coronary artery disease

2020 ◽  
pp. 60-61
Author(s):  
И.А. Побожева ◽  
А.А. Пантелеева ◽  
Н.Д. Разгильдина ◽  
Е.А. Полякова ◽  
К.В. Драчева ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Genes Expression ◽  
Adipose Tissue Gene Expression ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose ◽  
Tissue Gene Expression ◽  
Low Serum

Дисбаланс в секреции адипокинов жировой тканью при ожирении может играть роль в развитии сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Нами было проведено исследование уровня экспрессии генов адипонектина и оментина-1 в жировой ткани у лиц с ожирением и ишемической болезнью сердца (ИБС). Показано, что сниженные концентрация в сыворотке крови и экспрессия гена адипонектина в подкожной жировой ткани могут вносить вклад в развитие ИБС при ожирении. ИБС ассоциирована с низкой концентрация оментина-1 в сыворотке крови. Imbalance in the secretion of adipose tissue adipokines may play a role in the development of cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity. Investigation of adiponectin and omentin-1 genes expression levels in adipose tissue was conducted in patients with obesity and coronary artery disease (CAD). Our study has shown that reduced adiponectin serum concentration and subcutaneous adipose tissue gene expression may contribute to CAD development. CAD is associated with a low serum omentin-1 concentration.

A new method to study changes in microvascular blood volume in muscle and adipose tissue: real-time imaging in humans and rat

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. H450-H458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim A. Sjøberg ◽  
Stephen Rattigan ◽  
Natalie Hiscock ◽  
Erik A. Richter ◽  
Bente Kiens
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Blood Volume ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Perfusion Rate ◽  
Real Time Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

We employed and evaluated a new application of contrast-enhanced ultrasound for real-time imaging of changes in microvascular blood volume (MBV) in tissues in females, males, and rat. Continuous real-time imaging was performed using contrast-enhanced ultrasound to quantify infused gas-filled microbubbles in the microcirculation. It was necessary to infuse microbubbles for a minimum of 5–7 min to obtain steady-state bubble concentration, a prerequisite for making comparisons between different physiological states. Insulin clamped at a submaximal concentration (∼75 μU/ml) increased MBV by 27 and 39% in females and males, respectively, and by 30% in female subcutaneous adipose tissue. There was no difference in the ability of insulin to increase muscle MBV in females and males, and microvascular perfusion rate was not increased significantly by insulin. However, perfusion rate of the microvascular space was higher in females compared with males. In rats, insulin clamped at a maximal concentration increased muscle MBV by 60%. Large increases in microvascular volume and perfusion rate were detected during electrical stimulation of muscle in rats and immediately after exercise in humans. We have demonstrated that real-time imaging of changes in MBV is possible in human and rat muscle and in subcutaneous adipose tissue and that the method is sensitive enough to pick up relatively small changes in MBV when performed with due consideration of steady-state microbubble concentration. Because of real-time imaging, the method has wide applications for determining MBV in different organs during various physiological or pathophysiological conditions.

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