scholarly journals Sex Hormones Related Ocular Dryness in Breast Cancer Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2620
Author(s):  
Antonella Grasso ◽  
Antonio Di Zazzo ◽  
Giuseppe Giannaccare ◽  
Jaemyoung Sung ◽  
Takenori Inomata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Hormonal Imbalance ◽  
Gland Function

Background: Dry eye syndrome (DES) is strictly connected to systemic and topical sex hormones. Breast cancer treatment, the subsequent hormonal therapy, the subsequent hyperandrogenism and the early sudden menopause, may be responsible for ocular surface system failure and its clinical manifestation as dry eye disease. This local dryness is part of the breast cancer iatrogenic dryness, which affects overall mucosal tissue in the fragile population of those with breast cancer. Methods: A literature review regarding the role of sex hormone changes and systemic hormonal replacement treatments (SHRT) in DES available on PubMed and Web of Science was made without any restriction of language. Results: Androgens exert their role on the ocular surface supporting meibomian gland function and exerting a pro-sebaceous effect. Estrogen seems to show a pro/inflammatory role on the ocular surface, while SHRT effects on dry eye are still not well defined, determining apparently contradictory consequences on the ocular surface homeostasis. The role of sex hormones on dry eye pathogenesis is most likely the result of a strict crosstalk between the protective androgens effects and the androgen-modulating effects of estrogens on the meibomian glands. Conclusions: Patients with a pathological or iatrogenic hormonal imbalance, such as in the case of breast cancer, should be assessed for dry eye disease, as well as systemic dryness, in order to restore their social and personal quality of life.

scholarly journals Tear Film – Physiology and Disturbances in Various Diseases and Disorders

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Kopacz ◽  
Łucja Niezgoda ◽  
Ewa Fudalej ◽  
Anna Nowak ◽  
Piotr Maciejewicz
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Fluid Layer ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Immune Protection ◽  
Topical Medications

The tear film is a thin fluid layer covering the ocular surface. It is responsible for ocular surface comfort, mechanical, environmental and immune protection, epithelial health and it forms smooth refractive surface for vision. The traditional description of the tear film divides it into three layers: lipid, aqueous and mucin. The role of each layer depends on the composition of it. Tear production, evaporation, absorption and drainage concur to dynamic balance of the tear film and leads to its integrity and stability. Nonetheless, this stability can be disturb in tear film layers deficiencies, defective spreading of the tear film, in some general diseases and during application of some general and/or topical medications. Dry eye disease is the result of it. In this review not only physiology of the tear film is presented. Moreover, we would like to discuss the influence of various diseases and conditions on the tear film and contrarily, spotlight tear film disorders as a manifestation of those diseases.

scholarly journals Meibomian Gland Dysfunction

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sameera Irfan
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Dry Eyes

Dry eyes is a common, chronic condition that has a prevalence of about 5- 50%.1 According to the Dry Eye Workshop II report (DEWS II report), published in 2017, the updated definition of Dry Eye Disease is, “a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface characterised by a loss of homeostasis of the tear film, and accompanied by ocular symptoms, in which tear film instability and hyper-osmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory abnormalities play etiological roles.” The Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society (TFOS) released their report on the international work on Meibomian Gland Dysfunction (MGD)2 in 2011, which defined MGD, classified it and considered it as the primary cause of dry eye disease worldwide. Previously dry eye disease was considered as an aqueous deficiency problem, but after this report by TFOS, there is a paradigm shift towards “not producing enough lipids to retain the tears that are being produced”. This has led to a huge impact on the treatment protocols which were previously focused on managing the sequelae and symptoms of dry eyes rather than targeting directly on the underlying cause, the MGD. It has now been accepted worldwide that dry eye occurs when the ocular surface system cannot adequately protect itself from the desiccating stress due to the lack of a healthy meibomian gland secretion. This article is mainly focussed on the Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, discussing the normal anatomy of the glands, how they are affected by disease, its implications on the ocular surface and finally, the various treatment strategies. Key words: Blepharitis, Dry eyes, Meibomian gland dysfunction, blepharospasm.

scholarly journals Új nemzetközi konszenzusnyilatkozat a száraz szem definíciójáról, felosztásáról, etiológiájáról, diagnosztikájáról és terápiájáról

2018 ◽  
Vol 159 (20) ◽  
pp. 775-785 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Berta ◽  
Edit Tóth-Molnár ◽  
Adrienne Csutak
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Diagnostics And Therapy

Abstract: Ten years have passed since the publication of the DEWS Report that summarized the information based on scientific literature concerning dry eye disease. Hundreds of papers have been published since then and time has come for a new summary. Organized by the Tear Film & Ocular Surface Society, 12 working groups summerized former and recent data. The DEWS II Report was created. The authors of the present publication summarize the most important changes in definition, classification, diagnostics, and therapy concerning dry eye disease. They also disclose the relevant changes on which the non-ophthalmologist specialists have to be informed. The DEWS II Report published by TFOS consists of 11 chapters. Completely new chapters deal with the role of sensation/pain and iatrogenic dry eyes. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(20): 775–785.

Restoration of meibomian gland function in severe dry eye disease due to obstructive MGD with an automated physical therapy device

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
D FINIS ◽  
J HAYAJNEH ◽  
C KÖNIG ◽  
M BORRELLI ◽  
S SCHRADER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Therapy ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Gland Function

scholarly journals Diagnostic Performance of a Novel Noninvasive Workup in the Setting of Dry Eye Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Luca Vigo ◽  
Marco Pellegrini ◽  
Federico Bernabei ◽  
Francesco Carones ◽  
Vincenzo Scorcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Cross Sectional

Purpose. To evaluate the diagnostic performance of a novel noninvasive automated workup employed for the diagnosis of dry eye disease (DED). Methods. One hundred patients with mild to moderate DED and 100 matched control subjects were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Ocular surface examinations were carried out by means of IDRA Plus (SBM Sistemi, Turin, Italy), which allows the automated evaluation of noninvasive breakup time (NIBUT), lipid layer thickness (LLT), tear meniscus height (TMH), infrared meibography for the measurement of meibomian gland loss (MGL), and blinking analysis. Continuous variables were compared between patients with DED and controls by using the Mann–Whitney U test. The area under the curve (AUC) of receiver operating characteristic curves was calculated. The correlations between ocular surface parameters were evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis. Results. Patients with DED showed significantly lower values of NIBUT, LLT, and TMH compared to controls (6.9 ± 2.5 vs 10.4 ± 2.4 s, P  < 0.001; 64.6 ± 20.3 vs 73.4 ± 21.9 nm, P  = 0.003; 0.231 ± 0.115 vs 0.289 ± 0.164, P  = 0.012, respectively). Conversely, no significant differences were observed for MGL and blinking analysis (both P  > 0.05). NIBUT had the highest diagnostic power (AUC = 0.841, sensitivity = 0.89, and specificity = 0.69), followed by LLT (AUC = 0.621, sensitivity = 0.89, and specificity = 0.55), TMH (AUC = 0.606, sensitivity = 0.57, and specificity = 0.63), blink analysis (AUC = 0.533, sensitivity = 0.48, and specificity = 0.59), and MGL (AUC = 0.531, sensitivity = 0.54, and specificity = 0.48). In patients with DED, NIBUT showed a significant correlation with TMH (R = 0.347, P  = 0.002) and blinking analysis (R = 0.356, P  < 0.001), while blinking analysis was negatively correlated with MGL (R = −0.315, P  = 0.008). Conclusions. The automated noninvasive workup validated in this study may be a useful tool for reaching a noninvasive diagnosis of DED with a good performance, especially for NIBUT.

scholarly journals Inhibition of Aberrant α(1,2)-Fucosylation at Ocular Surface Ameliorates Dry Eye Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (15) ◽  
pp. 7863
Author(s):  
Chang Ho Yoon ◽  
Jin Suk Ryu ◽  
Jung Hwa Ko ◽  
Joo Youn Oh
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Cellular Adhesion ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Corneal Epithelial ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Novel Target ◽  
Desiccating Stress

Fucosylation is involved in a wide range of biological processes from cellular adhesion to immune regulation. Although the upregulation of fucosylated glycans was reported in diseased corneas, its implication in ocular surface disorders remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the expression of a fucosylated glycan on the ocular surface in two mouse models of dry eye disease (DED), the NOD.B10.H2b mouse model and the environmental desiccating stress model. We furthermore investigated the effects of aberrant fucosylation inhibition on the ocular surface and DED. Results demonstrated that the level of type 2 H antigen, an α(1,2)-fucosylated glycan, was highly increased in the cornea and conjunctiva both in NOD.B10.H2b mice and in BALB/c mice subjected to desiccating stress. Inhibition of α(1,2)-fucosylation by 2-deoxy-D-galactose (2-D-gal) reduced corneal epithelial defects and increased tear production in both DED models. Moreover, 2-D-gal treatment suppressed the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the ocular surface and the percentages of IFN-γ+CD4+ cells in draining lymph nodes, whereas it did not affect the number of conjunctival goblet cells, the MUC5AC level or the meibomian gland area. Together, the findings indicate that aberrant fucosylation underlies the pathogenesis of DED and may be a novel target for DED therapy.

scholarly journals Meibomian Gland Dysfunction: Intense Pulsed Light Therapy in Combination with Low-Level Light Therapy as Rescue Treatment

Medicina ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 57 (6) ◽  
pp. 619
Author(s):  
Leonidas Solomos ◽  
Walid Bouthour ◽  
Ariane Malclès ◽  
Gabriele Thumann ◽  
Horace Massa
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Meibomian Gland ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Meibomian Gland Dysfunction ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Low Level Light Therapy ◽  
Rescue Treatment ◽  
Intense Pulsed Light Therapy

Background and Objectives: Evaporative dry eye disease is frequently associated with meibomian gland dysfunction. Patients are often unhappy because of daily drops, care burden, and suboptimal conventional treatments. In this study, we assessed the efficacy of a novel device, the Eye-light®, a combination of intense pulsed light therapy and low-level light therapy, as a novel treatment for meibomian gland dysfunction and dry eye disease. Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective, single-center study carried out over a 6-week period, in which 22 eyes from 11 patients were included. Each patient received four combined light therapy treatment sessions, once weekly over 4 weeks. Patients underwent a clinical examination and filled out a standardized questionnaire to evaluate symptoms one week prior to treatment, and one week after the fourth session. Results: Combined light therapy improved several ocular surface outcome measures in our patients. This study demonstrates that this adjunctive treatment significantly improves the ocular surface and quality of life of patients with dry eye disease and meibomian gland dysfunction. Conclusions: Combined light therapy may be included in meibomian gland dysfunction treatment protocols as an adjunctive rescue treatment.

scholarly journals Sex hormones and dry eye disease: Current update

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-150
Author(s):  
Rajendra Prakash Maurya ◽  
Ashish Gupta ◽  
Shivani Verma ◽  
Virendra P Singh ◽  
Anup Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Visual Disturbance ◽  
Gonadal Hormones ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Mucin Layer

Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the ocular surface that results in ocular discomfort, visual disturbance and damage to the ocular surface. It is one of the most common complaints in daily ophthalmic practice. The greater prevalence of dry eye in women compared to men suggests that sex hormones may have a role in this condition. Sex hormones; estrogen and androgens influence production of all components of the tear film including aqueous layer, lipid layer, and mucin layer. Various mechanisms such as decrease in hormonal levels, shift in feedback mechanisms, and changes in receptor receptivity interplay to alter the ocular surface homeostasis and subsequently result in DED. The purpose of this review is to briefly outline current scientific evidence on the influence of androgen and estrogen on the lacrimal and meibomian glands as well as on the ocular surface epithelia including conjunctival goblet cells during reproductive and menopausal periods. This article also outlines the updates regarding role of gonadal hormones in the treatment of dry eye.

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