EFFECT OF COMBINATION OF FRUIT OF BADARA [Ziziphus jujuba (L). Lam] AND PALM JAGGERY IN DYSFUNCTIONAL UTERINE BLEEDING

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a state of abnormal uterine bleeding. It is a diagnosis of excluding any clinically detectable organic, systemic and iatrogenic cause. Current treatments available have many side effects, including hormonal imbalance. So there exists a lacuna for a safe and effective treatment without side effects for this condition. The present study is an effort to evaluate the combined effect of fruit of Badara [Ziziphus jujuba(L). Lam] with Palm jaggery in Dysfunctional uterine bleeding. The study design is interventional with a sample size of 15 subjects within the age group of 16-50 years. The study drug was administered in 6gm in the morning and the evening before food for 90 days. The following 30 days was follow up period without medication. The effect was assessed on subjective and objective parameters before treatment and on the 31st, 61st, 91st and 121st days. The results were statistically analyzed using Paired t-test and Wilcoxon Signed Rank test. The study drug showed the statistically significant result in DUB as reducing the amount and duration of bleeding, an interval of menstruation, number of clots, pain, fatigue, and increasing the Haemoglobin percentage.

Associationj of TSHR Gene Single Neucleotide Intronic Polymorphism with the Risk of Hypothyroid and Hyperthyroid Disorders in Yazd Province.

The present study was carried, for the first time, out to evaluate the association of rs2268458 polymorphism, biochemical and environmental factors on hypothyroid and hyperthyroid disorders in thyroid patients and healthy individuals in Yazd province, Iran. In this study, blood samples were collected from a total of 100 cases, including 60 hypothyroid, 20 hyperthyroidism individual cases and 20 normal individuals. DNA was extracted from blood samples and the rs2268458 single neucleotide intronic polymorphism was evaluated using RFLP-PCR. The results have shown that 59 cases were homozygote (TT), 40 cases heterozygote (TC) with one homozygote (CC) case, as follows; A total of 25 (TT) homozygote cases were observed to be hypothyroid females, 20 (TC) heterozygote cases of hypothyroid females, 7 (TT) homozygote male hypothyroid cases and 7 (TC) heterozygote male hypothyroid cases and 1 (CC) homozygote male hypothyroid patient. While, 7 (TT) homozygote hyperthyroid female cases, 8 (TC) heterozygote hyperthyroid female cases,were also observed. According to our study, heterozygote cases (TC) showed less severe symptoms, while homozygote cases (TT) showed no serious symptoms and the (CC) homozygote case (CC) showed severe thyroid abnormality symptoms. So, it can be concluded that the TSHR-related rs2268458 polymorphism is associated with hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism in the male and female polulations of Yazd Province, Iran and C allele can be a risk factor for some physio-biochemical and hormonal imbalance in the thyroid disorder patients.

Therapeutic Properties of Syzygium cumini (Jamun) and Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy) Against Various Lethal Diseases

Phytochemicals have recently been studied in vivo for their unmatched interactions in curing lethal diseases that can't be cured by allopathic medical intervention without any adverse effect on the patient health. These methods were being used in ancient India, where Jamun and Giloy have been used to decrease hormonal imbalance and pathological disorders. Signaling pathways of the active components of Tinospora cordifolia thus enable effective disease targeting. With so much to offer to the scientific world of medicine, the plant Tinospora truly acts as an incredible source as it deals with seasonal fever like Dengue, Malaria, Chickengunia, and anticancer and anti-HIV (research undergoing). Whereas the Syzygium cumini (Jamun) fruit and seed hold worth in treating various diet-related malfunctions, especially hyperglycemia. In the current research, Jamun seed and fruit extracts have been proved effective in the regulation of blood glucose and insulin parameters.

Climate Change on Fertility and Reproductive Processes of Female Livestock

The effects of climate change continues to be a growing modern-day challenge. Climate change-induced heat stress disrupts reproductive and fertility systems in livestock. In males, it modifies the physiology of the spermatogenic cycle resulting to poor quality semen and high prevalence of secondary sperm defects. In female livestock, heat stress decreases the production of gonadotrophins, results to hormonal imbalance, decreases the quality of oocytes, and lengthens the oestrous period leading to infertility. These effects can be reversed through genetic modifications, nutritive supplementation, physical cooling mechanisms, and hormonal therapies. The successful implementation of the ameliorative strategies is pegged on improved research and their combined administration. Ultimately, climate change mitigation and adaptation are indispensable to overcome fertility problems in livestock among other environmental effects of the climate variations.

In silico discovery of GPCRSs and GnRHRs as Novel SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors, the Scientific Breakthrough that could explain the observed High cortisol, Appetite loss, Ansomnia and Hypogonadism, as well as Hypothyroidism, Retinol deficiency and menstrual disturbances among SARS-COV-2 patients.

Background COVID-19 is known to cause chemosensory dysfunction. A common symptoms of COVID-19 is a disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function which may persist after recovery including COVID-19-related anosmia and hypogonadism. Hormonal problems such as Hypogonadism and Hypothyrodism are being observed in patients with Covid-19. Rise in cases of hormonal imbalance post COVID recovery is a cause for concern. Moreover, anosmia is a well-tolerated symptom of COVID-19, but their aetiology isn't understood. The studies demonstrated that the new coronavirus could affect the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb or blood circulation. Furthermore, in addition to anosmia or hyposmia induction, as well as taste disorders, the virus may cause Appetite loss, High cortisol, Anxiety ,Retinol deficiency, Eye-ache, earache, Dizziness, Memory, Minstrual disturbances and hallucination. G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRSs) are well known to be expressed throughout the body, and they represent the genome's largest superfamily of signaling. It was showed that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs, a subtype of GPCRS), were expressed sufficiently in olfactory region and hypothalamus as well as thyroid gland and the human lung. It was found that GPCRs are responsible for diverse biological functions such as Appetite, Cortisol level, Smelling and Tasting regulation as well as Retinol transport and act as receptors of Thyroxin. Herein by using molecular docking and stimulation analysis , we succeeded to elucidate the direct neuroinvasive route of COVID-19 into the nasal epithelium and human brain cells which may lead to anosmia and hormonal imbalance mainly through the olfactory route by direct binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS). Furthermore, we strongly suspect that binding of COVID-19 to the expressed GPCRS in the lung is a main cause of ion changing disruption leading to pulmonary edema and failure . Moreover, we confirmed our results by investigating Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs) as a novel binding receptor of COVID-19.MethodologyIn the current study, we used PatchDock server to conduct a docking study of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs protein. The structure of the crystal structure of the proteins were retrieved from RSCP (https://www.rcsb.org/ ) with accessions numbers (PDB ID 7BR3 and 6P9X respectively. we obtained the crystal structure of spike with accession number (PDB ID: 6VYB). The proteins are downloaded in the pdb format. The spike - receptor protein was investigated to determine the conservative residues of binding of Spike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS proteins in order to discover the ability of Spike to interact with GnRHR and GPCR receptors. We performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation to investigate the positional and conformational changes of the included proteins in relation to the binding site that provides insight into the binding stability. MD simulation of the complex was carried out with the GROMACS 4.5.4 package using the GROMOS96 43a1 force field.ResultsThis analysis of simulations molecular dynamics and molecular docking showed a high affinity between Spike protein and both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs . Results indicated that the spike binds to GNRHRS with binding energy (-1424.7 k.cal/mol) and to GPCRS with binding energy (-1451.8 k.cal/mol). The obtained results confirmed that the native model binds to GPCRS with the highest docking score of ( -1451.8) when compared to the other GNRHRS complexes, which have the lowest binding affinity, as evidenced by the docking score of (-1424.9). These results signifies better conjugation of GNRHRS to the binding pocket of the spike receptor in the RDB of the spike protein . Comparing the binding free energy of GPCRS to GNRHRS showed that the GNRHRS protein was found to bind to the vital residues in the RBD of the spike protein. But GPCRSs protein were found to bind to new RDB in other place in chain B of the spike. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations study revealed significant stability of s pike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS separately up to 50 ns.CONCLUSIONSThe COVID-19 entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is not expressed in the receptor of olfactory neurons, or its generation is limited to a minor fraction of these neurons. A change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19 as well as Appetite loss and retinol deficiency , but its aetiology is unknown. SARS-CoV-2 was found to bind strongly and directly to both GPCRS and GnRHRs which expressed sufficiently in olfactory neurons. As a result, we confirm that COVID-19 could use these receptors especially GNRHRS as a direct neuroinvasive route into human brain cells, potentially leading to long-term neurological complications and hormonal imbalance in addition to Appetite loss and retinol deficiency via the olfactory route. Our findings may also shed a new light on the mechanism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients. Therefore ,we propose that GPCRS and is involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology and can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.

Effects of Curcumin in Management of Endometriosis a Hormonal Disorder Disease in Female

A disorder in which endometrial tissues develop outer side the uterus or uterine cavity is called as endometriosis. It affects mainly females in their reproductive years, and is an oestrogen-dependent condition. Endometriosis a gynaecological disease or disorders, occurs in about 10% of female in reproductive age and in upto 50% of females with in-fertility. It is serious type of Hormonal disease or disorders in female which is caused due to hormonal imbalance these diseases totally change the quality of womens life. Decreased quality of life is the most significant predictor of direct health care and total costs so avoid this next step greater way to take care “Prevention is always better than cure”. Curcumin is a natural polyphenolic compound extracted from the spice, turmeric and has been reported to evidence anti-inflammatory (agent which reduce inflammation), antioxidant (the agent which reduce oxidation), and anti-proliferative properties via the modulation of multiple cellular. However, it remains to be determined whether effect of curcumin affects in the management of process of endometriosis. Turmeric contain especially its most active compound Curcumin have many scientifically proven health benefits, it’s a potent Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant and may also help improve symptoms of endometrosis.

Discovering of GPCRSs and GnRHRs as SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors, the Scientific Breakthrough that could explain the observed Hypogonadism, Hypothyroidism, Anosmia, Retinol deficiency, Neurological and Menstrual disturbance among SARS-COV-2 patients.

Background A common symptoms of COVID-19 is a change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function which may persist after recovery including COVID-19-related anosmia and hypogonadism. Hormonal problems including Hypogonadism and Hypothyroidism are being observed in patients with Covid-19. Rise in cases of hormonal imbalance post COVID recovery is a cause for concern. Moreover, anosmia is a well-tolerated symptom of COVID-19, but their aetiology isn't understood. The studies demonstrated that the new coronavirus could affect the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb or blood circulation. Furthermore, in addition to anosmia or hyposmia induction, as well as taste disorders, the virus may cause hormonal imbalance ,retinol deficiency, eye-ache, earache, dizziness and hallucination. It was showed that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs, a subtype of GPCRS), were expressed sufficiently in olfactory region and hypothalamus as well as the lung Herein by using molecular docking and stimulation analysis , we succeeded to elucidate the direct neuroinvasive route of COVID-19 into the nasal epithelium and human brain cells which may lead to anosmia and hormonal imbalance mainly through the olfactory route by direct binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRS). Furthermore, we strongly suspect that binding of COVID-19 to the expressed GPCRS in the lung is a main cause of ion changing disruption leading to pulmonary edema and failure . Moreover, we confirmed our results by investigating Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHRs) as a novel binding receptor of COVID-19. MethodologyIn the current study, we used PatchDock server to conduct a docking study of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs protein. The structure of the crystal structure of the proteins were retrieved from RSCP (https://www.rcsb.org/ ) with accessions numbers (PDB ID 7BR3 and 6P9X respectively. we obtained the crystal structure of spike with accession number (PDB ID: 6VYB). The proteins are downloaded in the pdb format. The spike - receptor protein was investigated to determine the conservative residues of binding of Spike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS proteins in order to discover the ability of Spike to interact with GnRHR and GPCR receptors. We performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation to investigate the positional and conformational changes of the included proteins in relation to the binding site that provides insight into the binding stability. MD simulation of the complex was carried out with the GROMACS 4.5.4 package using the GROMOS96 43a1 force field .ResultsThis analysis of simulations molecular dynamics and molecular docking showed a high affinity between Spike protein and both of GnRHRs and GPCRSs . Results indicated that the spike binds to GNRHRS with binding energy (-1424.7 k.cal/mol) and to GPCRS with binding energy (-1451.8 k.cal/mol). The obtained results confirmed that the native model binds to GPCRS with the highest docking score of ( -1451.8) when compared to the other GNRHRS complexes, which have the lowest binding affinity, as evidenced by the docking score of (-1424.9). These results signifies better conjugation of GNRHRS to the binding pocket of the spike receptor in the RDB of the spike protein . Comparing the binding free energy of GPCRS to GNRHRS showed that the GNRHRS protein was found to bind to the vital residues in the RBD of the spike protein. But GPCRSs protein were found to bind to new RDB in other place in chain B of the spike. The molecular dynamics (MD) simulations study revealed significant stability of s pike protein with the GnRHRs and GPCRS separately up to 50 ns. CONCLUSIONSThe COVID-19 entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is not expressed in the receptor of olfactory neurons, or its generation is limited to a minor fraction of these neurons. A change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19 as well as retinol deficiency , but its aetiology is unknown. SARS-CoV-2 was found to bind strongly and directly to both GPCRS and GnRHRs which expressed sufficiently in olfactory neurons. As a result, we confirm that COVID-19 could use these receptors especially GNRHRS as a direct neuroinvasive route into human brain cells, potentially leading to long-term neurological complications and hormonal imbalance in addition to retinol deficiency via the olfactory route. Our findings may also shed a new light on the mechanism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients. Therefore ,we propose that GPCRS and is involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology and can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19

Inflammation and Cognition in Depression: A Narrative Review

The authors aim to present a narrative review of research on the inflammatory aetiology of depression. Depression is a psychiatric disorder, constituting the most common reason of disability due to a health condition. It has been estimated that at least one in six people suffer from depression at some point of their lives. The aetiology of depression, although researched extensively all around the world, still remains unclear. Authors discuss the possible role of inflammation in depression, the neurodevelopmental theory of depression as well as associations between cognition and depression. Possible associations between memory dysfunction among depressive patients and inflammatory markers are included. The associations between the immune system, depression and cognition are observed. Possible mediating factors between these areas include personality traits, hormonal imbalance and functioning of the brain areas. The question as to what mediating factors are involved is still open to research.

Discovering of GPCR and GnRHR as SARS-CoV-2 binding receptors, the Scientific Breakthrough that could explain the mystery of its common symptoms with unknown aetiology. In silico research.

A common symptoms of COVID-19 is a change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function which may persist after recovery including COVID-19-related anosmia and hypogonadism. Hormonal problems including Hypogonadism and Hypothyrodism are being observed in patients with Covid-19. Rise in cases of hormonal imbalance post COVID recovery is a cause for concern. Moreover, anosmia is a well-tolerated symptom of COVID-19, but their etiology isn't understood. The studies demonstrated that the new coronavirus could affect the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb or blood circulation. Furthermore, in addition to anosmia or hyposmia induction, as well as taste disorders, the virus may cause hormonal imbalance ,headache, eye-ache, earache, dizziness and hallucination. It was showed that G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) and Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHR), a subtype of GPCR were expressed sufficiently in olfactory region and hypothalamus as well as the lung Herein by using molecular docking and stimulation analysis, we succeeded to elucidate the direct neuroinvasive route of COVID-19 into the nasal epithelium and human brain cells which may lead to anosmia and hormonal imbalance mainly through the olfactory route by direct binding to G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR). Furthermore, we strongly suspect that binding of COVID-19 to the expressed GPCR in the lung is a main cause of ion changing disruption leading to pulmonary edema and failure. Moreover, we confirmed our results by investigating Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptors (GnRHR) as a novel binding receptor of COVID-19. In the current study, we used PatchDock server to conduct a docking study of the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein with both of GnHR and GPCR receptor protein. The structure of the crystal structure of the proteins were retrieved from RSCP (https://www.rcsb.org/ ) with accessions numbers (PDB ID 7BR3 and 6P9X respectively. we obtained the crystal structure of spike with accession number (PDB ID: 6VYB). The proteins are downloaded in the pdb format. The spike - receptor protein was investigated to determine the conservative residues of binding of Spike protein with the GnRHR and GPCR proteins in order to discover the ability of Spike to interact with GnRHR and GPCR receptors. We performed Molecular Dynamics (MD) Simulation to investigate the positional and conformational changes of inhibitor molecule in relation to the binding site that provides insight into the binding stability. MD simulation of the complex was carried out with the GROMACS 4.5.4 package using the GROMOS96 43a1 force field .This analysis of simulations of molecular dynamics and molecular docking showed a high affinity between Spike protein and both of GPCR and GnRHR. Results indicated that the spike binds to GNHR with binding energy (-1424.7 k.cal/mol) and to GPCR with binding energy (-1451.8 k.cal/mol). The obtained results confirmed that the native model binds to GPCR with the highest docking score of -1451.8 when compared to the other GNRHR complexes, which have the lowest binding affinity, as evidenced by the docking score of -1424.9.. These results signifies better conjugation of GNRHR to the binding pocket of the spike receptor in the RDB of the spike protein. Comparing the binding free energy of GPCR to GNRHR showed that the GNRHR protein was found to bind to the vital residues in the RBD of the spike protein. But GPCRs protein were found to bind to RDB in other place in chain B of the spike. CONCLUSIONS The COVID-19 entry receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), is not expressed in the receptor of olfactory neurons, or its generation is limited to a minor fraction of these neurons. A change or disorder in hormonal balance and olfactory function is a common symptom of COVID-19, but its aetiology is unknown. SARS-CoV-2 was found to bind strongly and directly to both GPCR and GnRHR which expressed sufficiently in olfactory neurons. As a result, we confirm that COVID-19 could use these receptors as a direct neuroinvasive route into human brain cells, potentially leading to long-term neurological complications and hormonal imbalance via the olfactory route. Our findings may also shed a new light on the mechanism of pulmonary edema in COVID-19 patients. Therefore ,we propose that GPCR and is involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology and can be exploited as a potential therapeutic target for COVID-19.

Multifaceted Effects of Intermittent Fasting in the Treatment and Prevention of Diabetes, Cancer and Obesity or Other Chronic Diseases

Background: Obesity and diabetes are global epidemics that result in a slew of co-morbid illnesses. Both have been linked to an increased risk of hormonal imbalance, cancer, and other significant disorders, which are a concerning trend for cancer rates in the backdrop of rising obesity and diabetes rates worldwide. Around one in ten persons in the United States and Canada have serious illnesses correlated with type 2 diabetes and early death. It is believed that the US economy alone spends $245 billion annually. Lifestyle modification with intermittent fasting protocol and proper diet helps lower the blood glucose level and maintain the body mass index and reduced the inflammation in the body which is the main cause for all chronic diseases. Methods: We searched case series, clinical trials relating to type 2 diabetes, insulin resistance, cancer, thyroid, cardiovascular disease or other inflammatory diseases in response to intermittent fasting in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Google Scholar databases. Objective: In this review, we focused on intermittent fasting-based approaches that are becoming more widely accepted for improving health and reducing unwanted effects in patients with type 2 diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease, neurodegenerative disease, obesity, thyroid, and hormonal imbalance, which are fasting intermittently and whether intermittent fasting may be considered as a non-medicinal therapeutic option for persons suffering from chronic diseases. Conclusion : Intermittent fasting successfully reversed the diabetes, thyroid, high blood pressure, elevated lipid level, and maintained the body mass index along and also studies has shown that it has been followed or instructed for the treatment and prevention of cancer and neurodegenerative diseases with dietary interventions.