Belgian National Survey on Tinea Capitis: Epidemiological Considerations and Highlight of Terbinafine-Resistant T. mentagrophytes with a Mutation on SQLE Gene

Background: In this last decade, a huge increase in African anthropophilic strains causing tinea capitis has been observed in Europe. The Belgian National Reference Center for Mycosis (NRC) conducted a surveillance study on tinea capitis in 2018 to learn the profile of circulating dermatophytes. Methods: Belgian laboratories were invited to send all dermatophyte strains isolated from the scalp with epidemiological information. Strain identification was confirmed by ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer) sequencing. Mutation in the squalene epoxidase (SQLE) gene was screened by PCR. Results: The main population affected by tinea capitis was children from 5–9 years. Males were more affected than females. The majority of the strains were collected in the Brussels area followed by the Liege area. Among known ethnic origins, African people were more affected by tinea capitis than European people. The major aetiological agent was Microsporum audouinii, followed by Trichophyton soudanense. One strain of Trichophyton mentagrophytes has been characterized to have a mutation on the squalene epoxidase gene and to be resistant to terbinafine. Conclusions: African anthropophilic dermatophytes are mainly responsible for tinea capitis in Belgium. People of African origin are most affected by tinea capitis. The monitoring of terbinafine resistance among dermatophytes seems necessary as we have demonstrated the emergence of resistance in T. mentagrophytes.

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Tinea capitis among children at one suburban primary school in the City of Maputo, Mozambique

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical ◽

10.1590/s0037-86822007000400020 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 473-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Mohsin M. Sidat ◽

Della Correia ◽

Titos Paulo Buene

Keyword(s):

Primary School ◽

Causative Agent ◽

Tinea Capitis ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Microsporum Audouinii ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Cross Sectional Studies ◽

The City

This study evaluated the prevalence of Tinea capitis among schoolchildren at one primary school and also identified the causative agents. Scalp flakes were collected from children presenting clinical signs suggestive of Tinea capitis. Dermatophytes were identified by following standard mycological procedures. This study found a clinical prevalence of Tinea capitis of 9.6% (110/1149). The dermatophytes isolated were Microsporum audouinii, Trichophyton violaceum, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The most prevalent causative agent in this study was Microsporum audouinii, thus confirming the findings from previous cross-sectional studies carried out in the city of Maputo.

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Tinea capitis caused by Trichophyton soudanense and Microsporum audouinii in an adult: a case report

Mycoses ◽

10.1111/j.1439-0507.2009.01749.x ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 54 (1) ◽

pp. 89-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. Rezusta ◽

A. Betrán ◽

I. Querol ◽

M. P. Palacián ◽

M. J. Revillo

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Tinea Capitis ◽

Trichophyton Soudanense ◽

Microsporum Audouinii

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Dermatophyten-Infektionen der Haut, Haare und Nägel bei Kindern – ein Update

Kinder- und Jugendmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1629344 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 13 (04) ◽

pp. 262-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

C. Krüger ◽

I. Schulze ◽

B. Lietzberg ◽

H. Friedlein ◽

G. Ginter-Hanselmayer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tinea Capitis ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Trichophyton Verrucosum ◽

Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽

Arthroderma Benhamiae ◽

Trichophyton Erinacei ◽

Microsporum Audouinii ◽

Tinea Gladiatorum ◽

Zoophile Dermatophyten

ZusammenfassungDas klinische Spektrum und die Erreger der Dermatophytosen unterscheiden sich deutlich zwischen Kindern und Erwachsenen. Im Gegensatz zu Erwachsenen, bei denen die Tinea pedis die häufigste Pilzinfektion der Haut darstellt, werden bei Kindern vor allem die Tinea corporis und Tinea capitis diagnostiziert. Eine neue und beunruhigende Entwicklung ist die Zunahme der Onychomykose – meist durch Trichophyton rubrum – im Kindesalter. Die Tinea capitis stellt eine diagnostische und vor allem therapeutische Herausforderung für Kinderärzte und auch Dermatologen dar. Erreger der Tinea capitis sind in Deutschland vorzugsweise zoophile Dermatophyten. An erster Stelle steht Microsporum canis, das Verhältnis verschiebt sich jedoch mehr und mehr zu den zoophilen Trichophyton-Arten, z. B. Trichophyton interdigitale (früher Trichophyton mentagrophytes). Trichophyton species von Arthroderma benhamiae ist ein neuer Erreger, der im Kindesalter wahrscheinlich mittlerweile alle anderen zoophilen Dermatophyten in Bezug auf die Häufigkeit überflügelt hat. Seltener werden Trichophyton verrucosum – Erreger der „Kälberflechte“ – und Trichophyton erinacei („Igelpilz“) isoliert. Anthropophile Erreger, wie Microsporum audouinii und Trichophyton tonsurans, müssen Anlass sein, nach der Infektionsquelle zu fahnden. Das kann ein familiärer Immigrationshintergrund sein oder auch die Infektion in einem Kampfsportverein (Tinea gladiatorum capitis et corporis).

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Tinea capitis due to Trichophyton soudanense

Archives of Dermatology ◽

10.1001/archderm.113.11.1600 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 113 (11) ◽

pp. 1600-1600 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

D. R. Cox

Keyword(s):

Tinea Capitis ◽

Trichophyton Soudanense

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Molecular Characterisation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Dermatophytic Fungi Isolated from Tinea Capitis in Northwest Nigeria Using Sequence of the 28S rRNA

Microbiology Research ◽

10.3390/microbiolres12030046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (3) ◽

pp. 646-655

Author(s):

Hussain Yahaya Ungo-kore ◽

Joseph Olorunmola Ehinmidu ◽

Josiah Ademola Onaolapo ◽

Olayeni Stephen Olonitola

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Tinea Capitis ◽

28S Rdna ◽

Clinical Samples ◽

28S Rrna ◽

Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽

Detection And Identification ◽

Microsporum Audouinii ◽

Trichophyton Simii ◽

Dermatophyte Species

The detection and identification of fungal DNA from clinical samples is one of the fundamental approaches in biomedicine. The incidence, distribution, and control of dermatophytes has progress significantly and the use of phylogenetic species concepts based on rRNA regions have enhanced the taxonomy of dermatophyte species; however, the use of 28S rDNA genes has certain limitations. This gene has been used in dermatophyte taxonomy with limited enumeration; we appraised the sequence disparity within and among groups of the species, the gene ranking in identification, phylogenetic analysis, and taxonomy of 32 strains of eight dermatophyte species. In this study, a set of primers was adopted to amplify the target followed by a partial sequencing of the rDNA. The utilization of a pairwise nucleotide differentiation, an affinity was observed among eight dermatophyte species, with disparity among species ranging from 0 to 197 base pair (bp). Intra-species bp differences were found within strains of Trichophyton eriotrephon, Trichophyton bullosum, Trichophyton simii (Trichophyton genus), Microsporum audouinii, and Trichophyton tonsurans (Microsporum and Trichophyton genus, respectively); however, only some strains of Trichophyton eriotrephon were found to be invariant having three genotypes. Trichophyton tonsurans exhibited most intra-species variability. The characterization and construction of a phylogenetic tree of 28S rDNA gene on dermatophyte species provide a bedrock of an additional finding of connections between species. However, 28S rRNA capture provides a novel method of effective and sensitive detection of dermatophytes lodged in human skin scale. We report for the first time the emergence of T. eriotrephon, T. bullosum, T. simii, T. benhamiae, and Ctenomyces serratus dermatophytes from Tinea capitis in Nigeria.

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Mechanism of streptomyces albidoflavus STV1572a derived 1-heneicosanol as an inhibitor against squalene epoxidase of Trichophyton mentagrophytes

Microbial Pathogenesis ◽

10.1016/j.micpath.2021.104853 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 104853

Author(s):

Aswani Thekkangil ◽

Benu George ◽

S.M. Udaya Prakash ◽

T.V. Suchithra

Keyword(s):

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Squalene Epoxidase ◽

Streptomyces Albidoflavus

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Tinea capitis. Emergencia de Microsporum audouinii y Trichophyton tonsurans en la República Dominicana

Actas Dermo-Sifiliográficas ◽

10.1016/j.ad.2009.12.004 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 101 (4) ◽

pp. 330-335 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

R. Arenas ◽

E. Torres ◽

M. Amaya ◽

E.R. Rivera ◽

A. Espinal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tinea Capitis ◽

Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽

Microsporum Audouinii

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Hair loss in children in rural population

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20184771 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 13

Author(s):

Vimala Manne ◽

D. Subhash Reddy

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

School Children ◽

Tinea Capitis ◽

Action Plan ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Public Health Action ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Microsporum Ferrugineum ◽

Causative Agents

Background: Among children worldwide, dermatophyte infections are most common constituting a public health problem. The aim of the study is to determine the prevalence and causative agents of tinea capitis in school children attending primary school located in Hyderabad and to perform an analysis of risk factors associated with tinea capitis as the etiological factor.Methods: This is a school based, cross sectional, prospective study which was conducted in July 2015. This study was conducted in a school located near Hyderabad.Results: Out of 600 school children, 298 boys and 302 girls, 100 were diagnosed with a tinea capitis infection after clinical and microbiological examination, with an estimated prevalence rate of 15.0%. The most prevalent dermatophytes isolation in tinea capitis in children were Trichophyton verucosum (90), Trichophyton tonsurans (30), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (28), Microsporum audiouium (15), Trichophyton soudanese (9), Trichophyton violaceum (5), Microsporum ferrugineum (3), Trichophyton schoenleineii (3), Microsporum gallinae (2) and culture negative and KOH positive (10).Conclusions: This study concluded that the findings suggest that the practices resulting in entrenchment of dermatophyte infections and fungal infection. The promotion of public health action plan based on self hygiene education, which aimed to counteract the epidemiological burden specifically, and it should play an pivotal role in reduction of the prevalence in future of this common infection.

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