scholarly journals Bacillus megaterium-Mediated Synthesis of Selenium Nanoparticles and Their Antifungal Activity against Rhizoctonia solani in Faba Bean Plants

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Amr H. Hashem ◽  
Amer M. Abdelaziz ◽  
Ahmed A. Askar ◽  
Hossam M. Fouda ◽  
Ahmed M. A. Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Damping Off ◽  
Growth Promoters ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

Rhizoctonia root-rot disease causes severe economic losses in a wide range of crops, including Vicia faba worldwide. Currently, biosynthesized nanoparticles have become super-growth promoters as well as antifungal agents. In this study, biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (Se-NPs) have been examined as growth promoters as well as antifungal agents against Rhizoctonia solani RCMB 031001 in vitro and in vivo. Se-NPs were synthesized biologically by Bacillus megaterium ATCC 55000 and characterized by using UV-Vis spectroscopy, XRD, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) imaging. TEM and DLS images showed that Se-NPs are mono-dispersed spheres with a mean diameter of 41.2 nm. Se-NPs improved healthy Vicia faba cv. Giza 716 seed germination, morphological, metabolic indicators, and yield. Furthermore, Se-NPs exhibited influential antifungal activity against R. solani in vitro as well as in vivo. Results revealed that minimum inhibition and minimum fungicidal concentrations of Se-NPs were 0.0625 and 1 mM, respectively. Moreover, Se-NPs were able to decrease the pre-and post-emergence of R. solani damping-off and minimize the severity of root rot disease. The most effective treatment method is found when soaking and spraying were used with each other followed by spraying and then soaking individually. Likewise, Se-NPs improve morphological and metabolic indicators and yield significantly compared with infected control. In conclusion, biosynthesized Se-NPs by B. megaterium ATCC 55000 are a promising and effective agent against R. solani damping-off and root rot diseases in Vicia faba as well as plant growth inducer.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. as a Green Fungicide and Defense-Inducing Agent against Fusarium Root Rot Disease in Vicia faba L.

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 696
Author(s):  
Mona M. Khaleil ◽  
Maryam M. Alnoman ◽  
Elsayed S. Abd Elrazik ◽  
Hayat Zagloul ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Aly Khalil
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Foeniculum Vulgare ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Vicia Faba L ◽  
Rot Disease

Fusarium solani, the causative agent of root rot disease is one of the major constraints of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) yield worldwide. Essential oils have become excellent plant growth stimulators besides their antifungal properties. Foeniculum vulgare Mill. (fennel) is a familiar medicinal plant that has inhibitory effects against phytopathogenic fungi. Herein, different concentrations of fennel seed essential oil (FSEO) (12.5, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 μL/mL) were examined against F. solani KHA10 (accession number MW444555) isolated from rotted roots of faba bean in vitro and in vivo. The chemical composition of FSEO, through gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy, revealed 10 major compounds. In vitro, FSEO inhibited F. solani with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 25 µL/mL. In vivo, FSEO suppressed Fusarium root rot disease in Vicia faba L. by decreasing the disease severity (61.2%) and disease incidence (50%), and acted as protective agent (32.5%) of Vicia faba L. Improvements in morphological and biochemical parameters were recorded in FSEO-treated faba seeds. Moreover, the expression level of the defense-related genes defensin and chitinase was noticeably enhanced in treated plants. This study suggested using FSEO as a promising antifungal agent against F. solani not only to control root rot disease but also to enhance plant growth and activate plant defense.

Antifungal activity of plant extracts against Embellisia astragali, the fungal causal agent of yellow dwarf and root-rot disease of standing milkvetch

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cuiyun Zeng ◽  
Xiaoyu Zhu ◽  
Zhen Cui ◽  
Yanzhong Li
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Yellow Dwarf ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Causative Fungus ◽  
Saposhnikovia Divaricata

In an attempt to find biological fungicides, we screened 18 medicinal plants used in Chinese traditional medicine for their activity against Embellisia astragali, the causative fungus of yellow dwarf and root-rot disease in standing milkvetch (Astragalus adsurgens Pall.). The antifungal efficacy of ethanolic extracts of these plants was tested in vitro. Our results show that among the 18 plants tested, the ethanolic extracts of Saposhnikovia divaricata, Allium sativum and Juglans regia totally inhibited mycelial growth of E. astragali. These three extracts also significantly inhibited spore germination of E. astragali, with inhibition rates ranging from 86% to 88%. In addition, the same extract from the same plant part indicated the strongest antifungal activity against E. astragali, with a minimal inhibitory concentration value of 50 mg mL–1. These results demonstrate that plant-derived products have a high potential to control yellow dwarf and root-rot disease in standing milkvetch.

Impact of chitosan seed treatment of fenugreek for management of root rot disease caused by Fusarium solani under in vitro and in vivo conditions

3 Biotech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh R. Ghule ◽  
Purushottam K. Ramteke ◽  
Sahadeo D. Ramteke ◽  
Prasad S. Kodre ◽  
Amruta Langote ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals In vitro: stem cutting a simple technique for determination aggressive potential of fungal isolates causing root rot disease of grapevine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-147
Author(s):  
El- Sayed Hussein Ziedan ◽  
Moataza Mahmoud Saad ◽  
Khames Ahmed Hemida ◽  
Mohamed Abd El- Aziz El -Naggar ◽  
Mostafa Helmy Mostafa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Simple Technique ◽  
Stem Cutting ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Fungal Isolates ◽  
Rot Disease

scholarly journals Keefektifan Oligochitosan dalam Menekan Pertumbuhan Jamur Patogen Rigidoporus lignosus [(Klotzsch) Imazeki] Penyebab Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih pada Tanaman Cengkeh secara in Vitro

Agrikultura ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fitri Widiantini ◽  
Andang Purnama ◽  
Endah Yulia ◽  
Dwindry Formanda
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
White Root Rot ◽  
Root Rot Disease ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Rigidoporus Lignosus ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
And Control

ABSTRACTThe effectiveness of Oligochitosan in Suppressing the Growth of Fungal PathogenRigidoporus lignosus [(Klotzsch) Imazeki] the Causal Agent of White Root Rot Disease of Clovesin VitroWhite root rot disease caused by fungi Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzch) Imazeki is an important disease of cloves that can cause the death of clove plants. Negative effect on the use of intensive fungicides leads to the search of an alternative method which is more environmentally friendly. Oligochitosan is a natural compound that has antifungal activity and can be used as natural pesticide. This study aimed to determine the concentration of oligochitosan that was able to effectively inhibit R. lignosus mycelial growth and to determine the effect of oligochitosan to R. lignosus mycelial growth. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with 5 oligochitosan concentration treatments (2 g/l, 4 g/l, 6 g/l, 8 g/l and 10 g/l) and control (no treatment). Oligochitosan was diluted with water and mixed with PDA to meet the required concentration. Same concentration was also used to dip wooden toothpick for 1 min and incubated on PDA containing R. lignosus. The result showed that 6 g/l oligochitosan concentration was able to inhibit the mycelial growth of R. lignosus up to 71.6%. Highets inhibition of 100% was demonstrated by oligochitosan at concentration of 8 g/l and 10 g/l. The thinning of mycelial growth on the toothpick and microscopic observation demonstrated that the mycelial of R. lignosus were became lysis.Keywords: Antifungal, Food poisonous, Mycelial growth, LysisAbstrakPenyakit Jamur Akar Putih (JAP) yang disebabkan oleh jamur Rigidoporus lignosus (Klotzch) Imazeki merupakan penyakit penting yang menyerang tanaman cengkeh dan bahkan dapat mengakibatkan kematian tanaman. Pengaruh negatif dari penggunaan fungisida mendorong dilakukan pencarian alternatif pengendalian baru yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Oligochitosan merupakan senyawa alami yang mempunyai aktivitas anti jamur dan dapat digunakan sebagai pestisida nabati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi oligochitosan yang dapat secara efektif menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. lignosus dan mengetahui pengaruh oligochitosan terhadap miselia jamur R. lignosus. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakuan terdiri dari 5 konsentrasi oligochitosan (2 g/l, 4 g/l, 6 g/l, 8 g/l dan 10 g/l) dan kontrol (tanpa oligochitosan). Oligochitosan dilarutan dalam air dan dicampur dengan PDA sehingga diperoleh konsentrasi yang diuji. Konsentrasi yang sama juga digunakan untuk merendam tusuk gigi selama 1 menit dan diinkubasikan dalam cawan petri yang sebelumnya sudah ditumbuhi oleh R. lignosus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa oligochitosan pada konsentrasi 6 g/l menghambat pertumbuhan jamur R. lignosus sebesar 71,6%. Sementara penghambatan tertinggi sebesar 100% diperoleh pada perlakuan oligochitosan dengan konsentrasi8 g/l dan 10 g/l. Penipisan koloni jamur R. lignosus pada tusuk gigi dan pengamatan di bawahmikroskop menunjukkan bahwa oligochitosan menyebabkan lisis pada miselia jamur R. lignosus.Kata kunci: Anti jamur, Umpan beracun, Pertumbuhan koloni, Lisis

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