scholarly journals Unfolded Protein Response and Scaffold Independent Pheromone MAP Kinase Signaling Control Verticillium dahliae Growth, Development, and Plant Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 305
Author(s):  
Jessica Starke ◽  
Rebekka Harting ◽  
Isabel Maurus ◽  
Miriam Leonard ◽  
Rica Bremenkamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Vascular Plant ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Signal Molecules ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Protein Response

Differentiation, growth, and virulence of the vascular plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae depend on a network of interconnected cellular signaling cascades. The transcription factor Hac1 of the endoplasmic reticulum-associated unfolded protein response (UPR) is required for initial root colonization, fungal growth, and vascular propagation by conidiation. Hac1 is essential for the formation of microsclerotia as long-time survival resting structures in the field. Single endoplasmic reticulum-associated enzymes for linoleic acid production as precursors for oxylipin signal molecules support fungal growth but not pathogenicity. Microsclerotia development, growth, and virulence further require the pheromone response mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, but without the Ham5 scaffold function. The MAPK phosphatase Rok1 limits resting structure development of V. dahliae, but promotes growth, conidiation, and virulence. The interplay between UPR and MAPK signaling cascades includes several potential targets for fungal growth control for supporting disease management of the vascular pathogen V. dahliae.

scholarly journals Unfolded protein response and scaffold independent pheromone MAP kinase signalling control Verticillium dahliae growth, development and plant pathogenesis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Starke ◽  
Rebekka Harting ◽  
Isabel Maurus ◽  
Rica Bremenkamp ◽  
James W. Kronstad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Verticillium Dahliae ◽  
Mapk Pathway ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Pheromone Response ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
Plant Infection ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

SummaryDevelopment and virulence of the vascular plant pathogen Verticillium dahliae are connected and depend on a complex interplay between the unfolded protein response, a Ham5 independent pheromone MAP kinase module and formation of precursors for oxylipin signal molecules.Genes coding for the unfolded protein response regulator Hac1, the Ham5 MAPK scaffold protein, and the oleate Δ12-fatty acid desaturase Ode1 were deleted and their functions in growth, differentiation, and virulence on plants were studied using genetic, cell biology, and plant infection experiments.The unfolded protein response transcription factor Hac1 is required for initial root colonization, fungal conidiation and propagation inside the host and is essential for resting structure formation. Microsclerotia development, growth and virulence require the pheromone response MAPK pathway, but without the Ham5 scaffold function. Single ER-associated enzymes for linoleic acid production make important contributions to fungal growth but have only a minor impact on the pathogenicity of V. dahliae.Fungal growth, sporulation, dormant structure formation and plant infection require a network of the Hac1-regulated unfolded protein response, a scaffold-independent pheromone response MAPK pathway and formation of precursors for signalling. This network includes interesting targets for disease management of the vascular pathogen V. dahliae.

Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress: Signaling the Unfolded Protein Response

Physiology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elida Lai ◽  
Tracy Teodoro ◽  
Allen Volchuk
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Er Stress ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Apoptotic Cell ◽  
Signaling Cascades ◽  
Stress Signaling ◽  
Apoptosis Induction ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the cellular site of newly synthesized secretory and membrane proteins. Such proteins must be properly folded and posttranslationally modified before exit from the organelle. Proper protein folding and modification requires molecular chaperone proteins as well as an ER environment conducive for these reactions. When ER lumenal conditions are altered or chaperone capacity is overwhelmed, the cell activates signaling cascades that attempt to deal with the altered conditions and restore a favorable folding environment. Such alterations are referred to as ER stress, and the response activated is the unfolded protein response (UPR). When the UPR is perturbed or not sufficient to deal with the stress conditions, apoptotic cell death is initiated. This review will examine UPR signaling that results in cell protective responses, as well as the mechanisms leading to apoptosis induction, which can lead to pathological states due to chronic ER stress.

scholarly journals The unfolded protein response coordinates the production of endoplasmic reticulum protein and endoplasmic reticulum membrane.

1997 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1805-1814 ◽  
Author(s):  
J S Cox ◽  
R E Chapman ◽  
P Walter
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Secretory Pathway ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Secretory Proteins ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Membrane ◽  
Yeast Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a multifunctional organelle responsible for production of both lumenal and membrane components of secretory pathway compartments. Secretory proteins are folded, processed, and sorted in the ER lumen and lipid synthesis occurs on the ER membrane itself. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, synthesis of ER components is highly regulated: the ER-resident proteins by the unfolded protein response and membrane lipid synthesis by the inositol response. We demonstrate that these two responses are intimately linked, forming different branches of the same pathway. Furthermore, we present evidence indicating that this coordinate regulation plays a role in ER biogenesis.

scholarly journals Class I histone deacetylases localize to the endoplasmic reticulum and modulate the unfolded protein response

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 2437-2445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soumen Kahali ◽  
Bhaswati Sarcar ◽  
Antony Prabhu ◽  
Edward Seto ◽  
Prakash Chinnaiyan
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Class I ◽  
Unfolded Protein ◽  
The Unfolded Protein Response ◽  
Protein Response
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